Articaine versus lidocaine inferior alveolar nerve block in posterior mandible implant surgeries: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to compare the effects of %4 articaine and %2 lidocaine on inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) for implant surgery in the posterior mandible. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The patients who have inserted implants in the posterior mandible were divided into 2 groups for IANB: lidocaine and articaine. VAS = visual analog scale, pain during surgery and injection, lip numbness time, mandibular canal-implant apex distance, age, gender, bone density, implant number, release incision, adjacent teeth, and duration of surgery were analyzed using t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's coefficient, and, Pearson's chi-squared test. This trial followed the recommendations of the Consort Statement for reporting randomized controlled trials. RESULTS: 577 patients were included and 1185 dental implants were analyzed. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of injection and surgery VAS values (p>0.05). The lip numbness time of lidocaine was 3.06±3.22min while articaine was found to be 2.96±3.09min (p>0.05). Mandibular canal-implant apex distance was found to be 2.28±0.75mm in the articaine and 2.45±0.86mm in the lidocaine group (p<0.05). Release incision was made more in the articaine group (51/252) than in the lidocaine group (40/325) (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference between the %4 articaine and %2 lidocaine in terms of pain perception in posterior mandible implant applications. Both anesthetics provided adequate anesthesia for implant application.

Comparison of postoperative morbidity between piezoelectric surgery and conventional rotary instruments in mandibular third molar surgery: a split-mouth clinical study.

BACKGROUND: The extraction of impacted third molar teeth is a common procedure in maxillofacial surgery. The aim of this study was to compare of piezoelectric surgical technique with the one with conventional rotary instruments in terms of edema, trismus and pain, in mandibular third molar surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 20 individuals with symmetrically impacted lower mandibular third molars and 40 teeth were included in the study. Third molars on the left side of each patient were removed with piezosurgery, while the counterparts on the right side were removed with conventional rotary instruments. Postoperatively, the same antibiotic, analgesic, and mouthwash were recommended to both groups. Ultrasound, edema, trismus measurements were performed before surgery, postoperative, postoperative day 2 and postoperative day 7. VAS scale was used to evaluate the pain. RESULTS: The average age of 20 individuals included in the study was found to be 21.85 ± 3.08 years. The operation time of the individuals who underwent the surgery with conventional rotary instruments was found to be 12 minutes 31.70 ± 167.03 seconds, and the operation time in the Piezosurgery group was 19 minutes 10.60 ± 306.59 seconds. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of trismus, edema, and pain. CONCLUSIONS: Piezosurgery is a safe method that can be used in molar removal, but in this split-mouth study, it is not found advantageous in terms of postoperative morbidity due to the longer working time compared to the one performed with conventional rotary instruments.

IL-13 gene polymorphisms (-1112 C/T and -1512 A/C) in patients with chronic and aggressive periodontitis: Effects on GCF and outcome of periodontal therapy.

BACKGROUND: IL-13 is the key cytokine in the regulation of inflammatory with an autoimmune disease and has an anti-inflammatory effect. AIMS: This study aimed to compare IL-13 (-1112 C/T and -1512 A/C) gene polymorphisms in patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP), chronic periodontitis (CP), and periodontally healthy group (C) and evaluate the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) IL-13 levels in patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred thirty patients with AgP, 120 patients with CP, and 70 periodontally healthy subjects were included in this study. Clinical parameters were recorded (plaque and gingival index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level), and GCF and blood samples were taken at baseline and 6-week. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy was performed in patients with periodontitis. Gene analyses (IL-13 - 1112C/T (rs1800925) and - 1512 A/C (rs1881457) were performed with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cytokine levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS: AgP and CP patients showed significant improvement in clinical parameters after periodontal therapy (P < 0.05). According to results, genotype distributions and allele frequencies in IL-13 variants - 1112C/T and - 1512 A/C were found similarly in all groups (P > 0.05). In the AgP group, GCF IL-13 cytokine level is statistically significant and increased in 6 weeks; however, in the CP group, there is no statistically significant difference between baseline and 6 week. In the AgP group, baseline GCF IL-13 cytokine level is lower than those of the CP group and C group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this study, IL-13 -1112 and -1512 gene polymorphisms have not been associated with AgP and CP, and GCF IL-13 cytokine level is increased after treatment in the AgP group.

Investigation of the effect of astaxanthin on alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Astaxanthin is a keto-carotenoid that has a strong antioxidant effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of astaxanthin on alveolar bone loss and histopathological changes in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: non-ligated (C, n = 6); ligature only (L, n = 6); ligature and astaxanthin (1 mg/kg/day astaxanthin, AS1 group, n = 8); ligature and astaxanthin (5 mg/kg/day astaxanthin, AS5 group, n = 8). Silk ligatures were placed at the gingival margin of lower first molars of the mandibular quadrant. The study duration was 11 days and the animals were killed at the end of this period. Changes in alveolar bone levels were clinically measured and tissues were immunohistochemically examined, osteocalcin, bone morphogenic protein-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, Bax and bcl-2 levels in alveolar bone and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclast cells, osteoblast and inflammatory cell counts were determined. RESULTS: Alveolar bone loss was highest in the L group and the differences among the L, AS1 and AS5 groups were also significant (P < .05). Both doses of astaxanthin decreased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive+ osteoclast cell and increased osteoblast cell counts (P < .05). The inflammation in the L group was also higher than those of the C and AS1 groups were (P < .05) indicating the anti-inflammatory effect of astaxanthin. Although inducible nitric oxide synthase, osteocalcin, bone morphogenic protein-2 and bax staining percentages were all highest in the AS5 group and bcl-2 staining percentage was highest in the AS1 group, values were close to each other (P > .05). CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this study, it can be suggested that astaxanthin administration may reduce alveolar bone loss by increasing osteoblastic activity and decrease osteoclastic activity in experimental periodontitis model.

Morphometric and histopathological evaluation of the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin on alveolar bone loss in experimental diabetes and periodontitis.

OBJECTIVE: Grape seed proanthocyanidine extract (GSPE) is a strong antioxidant derived from the grape seeds (Vitis vinifera, Terral J.F.) and has a polyphenolic structure with a wide range of biological activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of GSPE on alveolar bone loss and histopathological changes in rats with diabetes mellitus and ligature-induced periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty rats were divided into 6 study groups. Control (C, 6 rats) group, periodontitis (P, 6 rats) group, diabetes (D, 6 rats) group, diabetes and periodontitis (D+P, 6 rats) group, diabetes, periodontitis and 100 mg/kg/day GSPE (GSPE-100, 8 rats), and diabetes, periodontitis and 200 mg/kg/day GSPE (GSPE-200, 8 rats) group. Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Periodontitis was induced via ligation method. Silk ligatures were placed at the mandibular right first molars. GSPE was administered by oral gavage. After 30 days, all rats were killed. Alveolar bone loss was measured morphometrically via a stereomicroscope. For histopathological analyses, Alizarin red staining, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α immunohistochemistry were performed. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclast cells and relative total inflammatory cells were also determined. RESULTS: The highest alveolar bone loss was observed in the D+P group (P < .05). GSP-200 group decreased alveolar bone loss (P < .05). The D+P group had the highest osteoclast counts, but the difference was not significant compared to the P, GSPE-100 and GSPE-200 groups (P > .05). The inflammation in the D+P group was also higher than the other groups (P < .05). The osteoblast numbers increased in the GSPE-100 and GSPE-200 groups compared to the P and D+P groups (P < .05). MMP-8 and HIF-1α levels were highest in the D+P group and GSPE significantly decreased these levels (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this animal study, it can be suggested that GSPE administration may decrease periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss via decreasing MMP-8 and HIF-1α levels and increase osteoblastic activity in diabetic rats with experimental periodontitis.

Evaluation of the Effects of Favipiravir Combined with Vitamin C on Alveolar Bone in Rats.

Introduction: Favipiravir and Vitamin C (Vit C) were used together in the treatment of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the effects of favipiravir on the periodontium are still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Favipiravir and Vit C treatment on alveolar bone metabolism. Experimental: Fifty healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (2-3 months old) were randomly divided into five equal groups (n = 10): Control, Favi 20, Favi 100, Favi 20+Vit C, Favi 100+Vit C. Favipiravir (20 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, i.m.) and Vit C (150 mg/kg/day, oral) were administered to the rats for 14 days. Alveolar bone loss (ABL) and histopathological changes were examined using a light microscope. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), caspase-3, bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the bone tissues. Results: Favipiravir increased the levels of RANKL and caspase-3 expression but decreased BMP-2 and ALP levels in a dose-dependent manner. Favi 20+Vit C and Favi 100 +Vit C groups showed decreased RANKL and caspase-3 levels in addition to increased BMP-2 and ALP levels. Conclusion: Favipiravir can cause histopathological damage to the periodontium, but administration of favipiravir combined with Vit C can provide a protective effect against this damage.

Erratum to: Evaluation of the Effects of Favipiravir Combined with Vitamin C on Alveolar Bone in Rats.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1134/S0022093022020119.].

Biological activity of bis-benzimidazole derivatives on DNA topoisomerase I and HeLa, MCF7 and A431 cells.

Benzimidazoles of both natural and synthetic sources are the key components of many bio-active compounds. Several reports have shown antifungal, antiviral, H(2) receptor blocker and antitumor activities for benzimidazoles and their derivatives. In this study, we synthesized twelve bis-benzimidazole derivatives by selecting di(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methane as the main compound. The numbers of carbons at 2 positions of bis-benzimidazole derivatives were changed from 1 to 4, and derivatives were synthesized with methyl substitutions at 5- and/or 6- positions. The compounds were screened via in vitro plasmid superciol relaxation assays using mammalian DNA topoisomerase I and cytostatic assays were carried out against HeLa (cervix adenocarcinoma), MCF7 (breast adenocarcinoma) and A431 (skin epidermoid carcinoma) cells for selected derivatives. Our results suggest that the malonic acid derivatives of bis-benzimidazoles, namely, bis(5-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methane and bis(5,6-dimethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methane, were remarkably active compounds in interfering with DNA topoisomerase I and the former compound was also found to be cytotoxic against MCF7 and A431 cells. The inhibitory effects obtained with these derivatives are significant as these compounds can be potential sources of anticancer agents.

1H-Benzimidazole derivatives as mammalian DNA topoisomerase I inhibitors.

Benzimidazole is one of the most important heterocyclic groups manifesting various biological properties, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal and antihelmintic activities. Several benzimidazole derivatives are also active as inhibitors of type I DNA topoisomerases. In this study, three 1H-benzimidazole derivatives with different electronic characteristics at position 5-, namely 5-chloro-4-(1H-benzimidazole-2-yl)phenol (Cpd I), 5-methyl-4-(1H-benzimidazole-2-yl)phenol (Cpd II) and 4-(1H-benzimidazole-2-yl)phenol (Cpd III), were synthesized and evaluated for their effects on mammalian type I DNA topoisomerase activity using quantitative in vitro plasmid supercoil relaxation assays. For the structure elucidation of the compounds, melting points, UV, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectral data and elemental analyses were interpreted. Among the compounds, 5-methyl-4-(1H-benzimidazole-2-yl)phenol (Cpd II) manifested relatively potent topoisomerase I inhibition.

Postoperative discomfort after Nd:YAG laser and conventional frenectomy: comparison of both genders.

BACKGROUND: Evidence has suggested that males and females experience and report feeling pain differently. The aim of this study was to determine the postoperative perception levels of both females and males after neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser frenectomy and conventional frenectomy, and to compare the perceptions between genders. METHODS: Eighty-nine patients requiring frenectomy were randomly assigned to have treatment with either the conventional frenectomy or with the Nd:YAG laser. Postoperative discomfort (pain, chewing, talking) was recorded using a visual analog scale (VAS) on the operation day and postoperative days 1, 3, 7 and 10. RESULTS: According to the female VAS scores of the pain, chewing and speaking discomfort were statistically higher in the conventional group than those of the laser group on the operation day, and on the first and third postoperative days. Pain discomfort in males was statistically higher in the conventional group than those of the laser group on the operation day. Speaking discomfort in males was statistically higher in the conventional group than those of the laser group on the operation day and the first postoperative day. CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicated that Nd:YAG laser treatment used for frenectomies provides better postoperative comfort for each gender, especially in females in terms of pain, chewing and speaking than the conventional procedure up to the seventh postoperative day. According to our results, Nd:YAG laser may provide a safe, bloodless, painless surgery and an impressive alternative for frenectomy operations.

Covariance and sensitivity data generation at ORNL.

Covariance data are required to assess uncertainties in design parameters in several nuclear applications. The error estimation of calculated quantities relies on the nuclear data uncertainty information available in the basic nuclear data libraries, such as the US Evaluated Nuclear Data Library, ENDF/B. The uncertainty files in the ENDF/B library are obtained from the analysis of experimental data and are stored as variance and covariance data. In this paper we address the generation of covariance data in the resonance region done with the computer code SAMMY. SAMMY is used in the evaluation of the experimental data in the resolved and unresolved resonance energy regions. The data fitting of cross sections is based on the generalised least-squares formalism (Bayesian theory) together with the resonance formalism described by R-matrix theory. Two approaches are used in SAMMY for the generation of resonance parameter covariance data. In the evaluation process SAMMY generates a set of resonance parameters that fit the data, and, it provides the resonance parameter covariances. For resonance parameter evaluations where there are no resonance parameter covariance data available, the alternative is to use an approach called the 'retroactive' resonance parameter covariance generation. In this paper, we describe the application of the retroactive covariance generation approach for the gadolinium isotopes.