Ensembl Genomes 2022: an expanding genome resource for non-vertebrates.

Ensembl Genomes (https://www.ensemblgenomes.org) provides access to non-vertebrate genomes and analysis complementing vertebrate resources developed by the Ensembl project (https://www.ensembl.org). The two resources collectively present genome annotation through a consistent set of interfaces spanning the tree of life presenting genome sequence, annotation, variation, transcriptomic data and comparative analysis. Here, we present our largest increase in plant, metazoan and fungal genomes since the project's inception creating one of the world's most comprehensive genomic resources and describe our efforts to reduce genome redundancy in our Bacteria portal. We detail our new efforts in gene annotation, our emerging support for pangenome analysis, our efforts to accelerate data dissemination through the Ensembl Rapid Release resource and our new AlphaFold visualization. Finally, we present details of our future plans including updates on our integration with Ensembl, and how we plan to improve our support for the microbial research community. Software and data are made available without restriction via our website, online tools platform and programmatic interfaces (available under an Apache 2.0 license). Data updates are synchronised with Ensembl's release cycle.

Annotating and prioritizing genomic variants using the Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor-A tutorial.

The Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor (VEP) is a freely available, open-source tool for the annotation and filtering of genomic variants. It predicts variant molecular consequences using the Ensembl/GENCODE or RefSeq gene sets. It also reports phenotype associations from databases such as ClinVar, allele frequencies from studies including gnomAD, and predictions of deleteriousness from tools such as Sorting Intolerant From Tolerant and Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion. Ensembl VEP includes filtering options to customize variant prioritization. It is well supported and updated roughly quarterly to incorporate the latest gene, variant, and phenotype association information. Ensembl VEP analysis can be performed using a highly configurable, extensible command-line tool, a Representational State Transfer application programming interface, and a user-friendly web interface. These access methods are designed to suit different levels of bioinformatics experience and meet different needs in terms of data size, visualization, and flexibility. In this tutorial, we will describe performing variant annotation using the Ensembl VEP web tool, which enables sophisticated analysis through a simple interface.