RESUMEN
This study aimed to predict the annual herd milk yield, lactation, and reproductive cycle stages in a high-input dairy herd in a zone with prolonged thermal stress. Also, the impact of climatic conditions on milk yield and productive and reproductive status was assessed. An autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was used in data fitting to predict future monthly herd milk yield and reproductive status using data from 2014 to 2020. Based on the annual total milk output, the highest predicted percentage of milk yield based on the yearly milk production was in February (9.1%; 95% CI = 8.3-9.9) and the lowest in August (6.9%; 95% CI = 6.0-7.9). The predicted highest percentage of pregnant cows for 2021 was in May (61.8; 95% CI = 53.0-70.5) and the lowest for November (33.2%; 95% CI = 19.9-46.5). The monthly percentage of dry cows in this study showed a steady trend across years; the predicted highest percentage was in September (20.1%; CI = 16.4-23.7) and the lowest in March (7.5%; 4.0-11.0). The predicted days in milk (DIM) were lower in September (158; CI = 103-213) and highest in May (220; 95% CI = 181-259). Percentage of calvings was seasonal, with the predicted maximum percentage of calvings occurring in September (10.3%; CI = 8.0-12.5) and the minimum in April (3.2%; CI = 1.0-5.5). The highest predicted culling rate for the year ensuing the present data occurred in November (4.3%; 95% CI = 3.2-5.4) and the lowest in April (2.5%; 95% CI = 1.4-3.5). It was concluded that meteorological factors strongly influenced rhythms of monthly milk yield and reproductive status. Also, ARIMA models robustly estimated and forecasted productive and reproductive events in a dairy herd in a hot environment.
RESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of body weight, oxytocin deposition in the uterus at artificial insemination (AI), vaginal cytology, serum progesterone (P4) concentration at AI, semen volume and total sperm cells per AI on whelping rate and litter size of English Bulldogs bitches following intrauterine surgical semen deposition. Seventy-eight English Bulldog bitches were artificially inseminated via semen infusion (number of sperm cells inseminated 300-2500â¯×â¯106) at the uterine body with fresh semen without extender and under general anesthesia. Whelping rate was greater (Pâ¯<â¯0.05) in bitches with >23â¯kg than bitches with <23â¯kg (83.9 vs 63.8%). Whelping rate was greater (Pâ¯<â¯0.01) in bitches with >75% vaginal cornified epithelium at AI (85.1%) than animals with <75% cornified epithelium (51.6%). Whelping rates were influenced (Pâ¯<â¯0.01) by the semen volume at AI (54.3% vs 86.1% for bitches receiving <4â¯mL or >4â¯mL of semen). Litter size was larger (Pâ¯<â¯0.05) in bitches >23â¯kg than lighter animals (3.72⯱â¯1.79 and 2.30⯱â¯1.46 pups per litter, respectively). Litter size was not influenced by sperm concentration, semen volume, vaginal cytology, serum P4 concentration and infusion of oxytocin in the uterus at AI (Pâ¯>â¯0.1). The results of this study indicate that increasing body weight of English Bulldog bitches is related to higher whelping rates and larger litter size. Also, >75% of superficial cornified vaginal cells (squamous) at AI and >4â¯mL semen volume maximize whelping rates in this breed of dogs.
Asunto(s)
Cruzamiento , Perros , Infertilidad/etiología , Inseminación Artificial , Animales , Líquidos Corporales , Peso Corporal/fisiología , Cruzamiento/métodos , Femenino , Fertilidad/fisiología , Infertilidad/veterinaria , Inseminación Artificial/métodos , Inseminación Artificial/veterinaria , Tamaño de la Camada , Masculino , Oxitocina/análisis , Embarazo , Factores de Riesgo , Semen/citología , Semen/fisiología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vagina/química , Vagina/citología , Vagina/cirugíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Sperm cryopreservation is an important tool for breed improvement, nonetheless, spermatozoids of rams are extremely sensitive to cryopreservation. AIMS: The present research was to compare a liposome-based (OptiXcell: OX) diluent, a commercial TRIS-egg yolk (Optidyl: OP) and a citrate egg yolk-based (CY) diluent on ovine semen quality through the cryopreservation process. METHODS: Semen was collected from four sexually mature Dorper rams during the natural breeding season. After collection, semen was evaluated and diluted in OX, OP or CY diluent and was cooled from 37°C to 4°C for 2 h (refrigerated semen, RS), after that semen-filled straws were placed in liquid nitrogen (LN) vapour for 10 min, then immersed into LN at -196°C (cryopreserved semen, CS) and stored until evaluation. RESULTS: For fresh semen (FS), similar values (P>0.05) were obtained from the 3 diluents [motility (4.2 ± 0.3), viability (75.4 ± 3.2), hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) (59.2 ± 2.1), and normality (84.7 ± 3.5)]. The motility values were higher for RS with OX and CY (4.0 ± 0.2 and 3.6 ± 0.3, respectively) compared to OP (3.0 ± 0.21; P<0.05). The viability was reduced after refrigeration and freezing (P<0.05). Refrigerated semen viability was similar for OX (65%), CY (63%) and OP diluents (60%; P>0.05), but for frozen semen, viability was lower in the CY diluent (P<0.05). Membrane integrity (HOST) in OX (53.6 ± 1.7) was similar to that in OP (50.7 ± 1.5; P>0.05) but higher than in CY (48.7 ± 1.5; P<0.05). CONCLUSION: No difference was found between the OX diluents and those made with egg yolk in terms of sperm parameters; however, the OX diluent was more efficient in protecting the integrity of membrane in freezing/thawing semen.
RESUMEN
This study aimed to determine the possible effects of a single injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as a means for estrus induction in acyclic French-Alpine goats during the reproductive transition period at 25°N, 103°W. The potential effects of hCG upon ovarian function and reproductive performance of goats were also assessed. Multiparous acyclic French-Alpine goats (n = 39; 37.4 ± 8 .5 kg) were primed with 20mg progesterone (P4) 1 day prior to hCG administration. Thereafter, does were treated either with saline (hCG-0; n = 10), 50 (hCG-50; n = 9), 100 (hCG-100; n = 10), or 300 IU of hCG (hCG-300; n = 10). Ovarian structures and pregnancy were monitored by transrectal ultrasonography. In addition, after hCG application, goats were monitored twice daily (0800 and 1800 h) to detect estrus signs, with the use of aproned, sexually active bucks treated with testosterone. Goats were bred 12h after the onset of estrus. Two days after hCG administration, the number of large follicles was higher (P < 0.05) in the hCG-50 and hCG-300 groups (1.7 ± 0.1 and 1.8 ± 0.2, respectively) compared with the hCG-100 and hCG-0 groups (1.4 ± 0.2 and 1.1 ± 0.1, respectively). Although none of the hCG-0-goats depicted estrus, the estrus response from the hCG-50, hCG-100, and hCG-300 groups over the 7-d breeding period was 67%, 100%, and 90%, respectively (P > 0.05), being always accompanied by ovulation. Pregnancy rate (67, 100, and 70%), kidding rate (55%, 80%, and 70%), and litter size (1.6 ± 0.5, 1.5 ± 0.5, and 1.5 ± 0.5) for hCG-50, hCG-100, and hCG-300, respectively, did not differ among the hCG-treated does. Therefore, the combined use of P4-priming plus a 100-IU hCG injection is an effective protocol for inducing estrus in non-cycling Alpine goats during the anestrus-to-estrus transition period, which is of key importance for both goat producers and industrializers.
Asunto(s)
Gonadotropina Coriónica/farmacología , Ciclo Estral/efectos de los fármacos , Cabras/fisiología , Progesterona/farmacología , Sustancias para el Control de la Reproducción/farmacología , Animales , Femenino , EmbarazoRESUMEN
This study evaluated the effects of peripartum feed supplementation on doe and kid BW and BCS, milk yield and composition, serum metabolites, and maternal-neonatal behavior under rangeland conditions in northern Mexico. Adult does ( = 23) were randomly assigned to 3 nutritional plane groups: 1) goats supplemented (500 g of concentrate [18% CP/kg DM, 2.7 Mcal/kg DM, and 2% salt]) from 15 d prepartum to 7 d postpartum (G15; = 8), 2) the same supplementation as G15 but from 35 d before until 7 d after kidding (G35; = 8), and 3) nonsupplemented does (GC; = 7). Supplemented goats differed from GC goats in BW (48 ± 1.8, 46.1 ± 2.5, and 44.9 ± 2.3 kg; < 0.05), milk yield (1.8 ± 0.1, 1.9 ± 0.2, and 1.2 ± 0.1 kg at d 15 postpartum; < 0.01), kid birth weights (3.8 ± 0.2, 3.6 ± 0.2, and 3.4 ± 0.2 kg; < 0.05), and kid BW at 15 d after birth (6.9 ± 0.2, 6.6 ± 0.2, and 5.6 ± 0.2 kg; < 0.05) for the G35, G15, and GC, respectively. Serum concentrations for total protein, glucose, and cholesterol were not affected ( > 0.05) by treatments. Milk of GC goats showed increased ( < 0.05) percentages for fat, protein, lactose, and nonfat milk solids, whereas total quantities of these variables where higher ( < 0.05) in the G15 and G35 groups. Furthermore, GC dams spent more time seeking their offspring and emitted more low-pitched bleats 4 h postpartum ( < 0.05) in a 2-choice test compared with the G15 and G35 groups. In general, peripartum supplementation promoted a closer dam-kid relationship at 8 h postpartum. Goat performance may be improved in this semiarid region of Mexico with marginal production through supplementation in late gestation.