Effect of advanced periodontal self-care in patients with early-stage periodontal diseases on endothelial function: An open-label, randomized controlled trial.

Although a significant association between periodontal disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has been reported, their cause-to-effect relationship remains controversial. This randomized controlled clinical trial aimed to investigate the effect of advanced self-care on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease-related vascular function markers flow-mediated brachial artery dilatation (FMD) and serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) level in patients with early-stage periodontal disease. The study was designed as a parallel group, 3-month follow-up, open-label, randomized controlled trial. The control group received standard care for periodontal diseases, whereas the test group additionally applied disinfectant using a custom-fabricated prescription tray for advanced self-care twice a day. Overall, 110 patients provided data for FMD and serum ADMA level. No significant improvements in FMD were observed in the control (mean increase, -0.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.0-0.8; P = 0.805) or test (mean increase, -0.3%; 95% CI, -1.1-0.4; P = 0.398) group. No significant changes in serum ADMA levels were observed (mean reduction, 0.01 µmol/L; 95% CI, -0.00-0.02; P = 0.366 and mean reduction, 0.00 µmol/L; 95% CI, -0.01-0.01; P = 0.349, respectively). No significant between-group differences were found in FMD (mean difference, -0.2%; 95% CI, -1.4-0.9; p = 0.708) or serum ADMA levels (mean difference, 0.01 nmol/L; 95% CI, -0.00-0.03; p = 0.122). Significant improvements in the average probing pocket depth were observed in the control and test groups. The bleeding on probing score in the test group was significantly reduced, while that in the control group was reduced, although not significantly. Periodontal care for a 3-month duration did not provide better endothelial function although improvements of periodontal status in patients with early-stage periodontal diseases. This trial is registered in UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/; ID: UMIN000023395).

Microtensile bond strengths of a dual-cure resin cement to dentin resin-coated with an all-in-one adhesive system using two curing modes.

This study evaluated the effect of resin coating using an all-in-one adhesive system on the dentin bond strength of a dual-cure resin cement after different curing modes. Human molars were ground to obtain flat dentin surfaces and divided into three groups: untreated as a control and resin-coated with either a single- or double-application of an all-in-one adhesive (Tokuyama Bond Force). The specimens were bonded to indirect composite disks using a dual-cure resin cement (Bistite II) activated by dual-cure or self-cure modes. Each specimen was sectioned into beams for the microtensile bond strength test. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's correction (p=0.05). Resin coating with a double-application of the all-in-one adhesive system significantly improved the bond strength of the dual-cure resin cement to dentin. In addition, dual-curing of the resin cement enhanced the bond strengths to dentin.

Microtensile bond strengths of composite cores to pulpal floor dentin with resin coating.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of resin coating on the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of indirect composite cores to pulpal floor dentin. Thirty extracted human molars with root canal fillings were used. After post space preparation, dentin surface was coated with either Clearfil SE Bond (SE) or SE with Clearfil Flow FX (SE+FX) for the resin-coated groups, while dentin was treated with ED Primer II (ED) for the non-coated group. Indirect composite cores were cemented with either Panavia F2.0 (PA) or Clearfil DC Core Automix (DC). After 24-hour storage, MTBSs were measured at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Two-way ANOVA indicated that the MTBSs of resin-coated groups were significantly higher than those of the non-coated groups. In particular, the SE+FX/DC group exhibited the highest MTBS. It was thus concluded that resin coating enhanced the dentin bond strength of indirect composite cores to pulpal floor dentin.

Dentin bond strengths of three adhesive/composite core systems using different curing units.

This study evaluated the tensile bond strengths of three adhesive/composite core materials to bovine dentin using three different curing units. Bovine dentin surfaces were ground with 600-grit SiC paper. Bonding area was demarcated with a vinyl tape (4-mm-diameter hole). Three adhesive/composite core systems--S6054 (experimental), UniFil Core, and Clearfil DC Core Automix--were used with three curing units--Curing Light XL3000 (quartz-tungsten-halogen), Hyper Lightel (high-power quartz-tungsten-halogen), and LEDemetronl (blue light-emitting diode)--according to manufacturers' instructions. After 24 hours of storage in water at 37 degrees C, tensile bond strengths were measured at a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min. Results were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test (p < 0.05). Highest tensile bond strength was obtained using Clearfil DC Core Automix with Hyper Lightel.

Resistance of dentin coating materials against abrasion by toothbrush.

Thin-film coating of root dentin surface by all-in-one adhesives has been shown to be an effective option to prevent root surface caries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the wear resistance against toothbrush abrasion of two all-in-one coating materials; Shield Force (SF) and Hybrid Coat (HC). Bovine dentin surfaces were covered with one of the coating materials; SF or HC. After storage in water for 24 h, the testing surface was subjected to the toothbrush abrasion test up to 50,000 cycles either in water or toothpaste slurry. The remaining thickness of the coating material was measured using SEM. Toothpaste slurry significantly increased rate of tooth brush abrasion of the coating materials. While SF and HC wore at a similar pace under toothbrush abrasion, SF had a thicker coat and could protect dentin longer, up to 50,000 cycles.

Ten-year observation of dentin bonding durability of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin cement--a SEM and TEM study.

This study aimed to assess dentin bond durability of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin cement over ten years, by evaluating the tensile bond strength, and SEM and TEM observations. Tensile bond strength of Super Bond C&B (SB) to bovine dentin was evaluated at 1 day and after 10 years. The mode of failure after debonding was observed by SEM. Interfacial ultrastructure and nanoleakage was observed by TEM at the baseline and after 10 y. The tensile bond strength significantly dropped after 10 y. The failure pattern shifted from cohesive failure in resin towards adhesive failure or cohesive failure in dentin. TEM observation revealed degradation of both resin and collagen networks within the hybrid layer and nanoleakage at the base of the hybrid layer after 10 y. The bond strength of SB to dentin significantly decreased, and the hybrid layer degraded, while the overlying hydrophobic resin layer showed little disintegration over 10 y.

Influence of filling technique and curing mode on the bond strengths of composite cores to pulpal floor dentin.

This study evaluated the influence of filling technique and curing mode on the microtensile bond strengths (MTBS) of composite cores to pulpal floor dentin. Access cavities of human molars with pulpal floor dentin were restored with a two-step self-etch adhesive system, Clearfil Liner Bond 2V and a composite core, Clearfil DC Core Automix, using different filling techniques and curing strategies. A flowable resin composite, Clearfil Flow FX was placed on the cured adhesive resin prior to restoration with a composite core. Packing the composite in the access cavity was performed in bulk with or without light curing or using an incremental technique with light curing. Microtensile bond strengths to pulpal floor dentin were measured after 24 hours storage in water. Light curing and incremental technique had positive effects on the MTBSs. Lining with a flowable resin composite did not significantly improve the MTBSs, however, influenced the failure mode after debonding. Non-lining and bulk filling with chemical curing strategy provided the lowest MTBS.

Thin resin coating by dual-application of all-in-one adhesives improves dentin bond strength of resin cements for indirect restorations.

This study was evaluated the tensile bond strength (TBS) of resin cements to bovine dentin resin-coated with all-in-one adhesive systems. Each of the dual-polymerizing resin cements; Link Max, Clearfil Esthetic Cement, Bistite II and Chemiace II were used to bond indirect resin disks to bovine dentin, as control, or coated by single-application or by dual-application of an adhesive system from the same manufacturer; G-Bond, Clearfil Tri-S Bond, Tokuyama Bond Force and Hybrid-Coat (n=10). After 24-hour water storage, TBSs were measured. The fracture pattern and the adhesive interface were observed using an SEM. Dual-application of the adhesive yielded significantly higher TBSs compared to control and single-application groups for all materials (p<0.001). From the limited information of this study, it was concluded that dual-application of all-in-one adhesive systems created a thin coating on dentin, and significantly improved the bond strengths of resin cements.