METHODOLOGICAL QUALITY OF ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS ALONGSIDE TRIALS OF KNEE PHYSIOTHERAPY.

OBJECTIVES: The methodological quality of an economic evaluation performed alongside a clinical trial can be underestimated if the paper does not report key methodological features. This study discusses methodological assessment issues on the example of a systematic review on cost-effectiveness of physiotherapy for knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: Six economic evaluation studies included in the systematic review and related clinical trials were assessed using the 10-question check-list by Drummond and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. RESULTS: All economic evaluations were performed alongside a clinical trial but the studied interventions were too heterogeneous to be synthesized. Methodological quality of the economic evaluations reported in the papers was not free of drawbacks, and in some cases, it improved when information from the related clinical trial was taken into account. CONCLUSIONS: Economic evaluation papers dedicate little space to methodological features of related clinical trials; therefore, the methodological quality can be underestimated if evaluated separately from the trials. Future economic evaluations should follow more strictly the recommendations about methodology and the authors should pay special attention to the quality of reporting.

Hospital productivity bias when not adjusting for cost heterogeneity: The case of Spain.

This research quantifies the bias caused in hospital productivity measurements when cost heterogeneity is not considered. A multi-output stochastic cost frontier under a normalised translog specification is used to approximate the structure of technology of a sample of public general hospitals in Spain during the period 2002-2009. To control for observable heterogeneity in costs, a set of variables related to hospital characteristics are included in the cost frontier specification (i.e., hospital complexity, degree of specialisation, availability of outpatient clinics, variety of high-technology equipment available, teaching activity and quality of care), whereas unobservable heterogeneity is accounted for by means of individual dummy variables. A measure of hospitals' cost efficiency is first obtained, and the analysis is then completed by measuring and decomposing the total factor productivity index (TFP-I) change. Findings reveal that controlling for heterogeneity decreases total productivity from an annual average rate of 0.028% to 1.330%, mainly driven by the negative contribution of the cost efficiency change component. Hence, a bias of 1.303 percentage points in the overall TFP-I is found as consequence of not controlling for heterogeneity. In addition to this, if heterogeneity factors are not accounted for, the mean cost efficiency index during the period analysed is 0.730, figure that increases up to 0.974 if heterogeneity is considered. Hence, the omission of heterogeneity leads to a bias of 24.4 percentage points in the mean cost efficiency. Therefore, not adjusting for heterogeneity in costs gives rise to distorted measurements of hospital productivity, as well as distortions in the contribution of each of its components, which may lead to the adoption of inadequate policies and decisions on resource allocation.

[Systematic review of health-related utilities in Spain: the case of mental health]. / Revisión sistemática de utilidades relacionadas con la salud en España: el caso de la salud mental.

OBJECTIVES: Currently, there is no registry of utility values for the Spanish population that could potentially be used in economic evaluations. Consequently, a systematic review of utilities or preferences for health states in the Spanish population was conducted. The results related to mental health are reported. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was conducted. The main databases searched were MEDLINE, CRD, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane. The search strategy combined terms related to utilities and Spain. The inclusion criteria comprised the resident population in Spain, whether affected by any disease or not; the reported utilities had to be evaluated through a tool validated in Spain (i.e., EQ-5D, HUI, SF-6D) and/or following accepted techniques (e.g., time trade-off, standard gamble, or the visual analog scale). A narrative synthesis of articles was undertaken and the results related to mental health summarized. RESULTS: A total of 103 articles were finally included, from which 742 utility values were extracted. Sixty-nine utility values related to mental health and behavioral disorders were extracted from 12 studies. The most widely used tool was the E5-QD questionnaire. Most of the excluded articles evaluated quality of life but did not provide an estimation of utilities. CONCLUSIONS: This review adds value to research on utilities in Spain by gathering values to be included in economic evaluations, as well as by identifying research gaps in this field. The utility values related to mental health identified in this study are similar to those reported in international publications.

Revisión sistemática de utilidades relacionadas con la salud en España: el caso de la salud mental / Systematic review of health-related utilities in Spain: the case of mental health

Objetivo Dada la carencia de un registro de utilidades en población española para su uso en evaluaciones económicas, se desarrolló una revisión sistemática de utilidades o preferencias por estados de salud obtenidas de población española con el fin último de crear un catálogo accesible a los investigadores. En este artículo se detallan las utilidades relacionadas con la salud mental. Método Revisión sistemática de la literatura, con búsquedas en MEDLINE, CRD, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane y otras bases de datos. La estrategia de búsqueda combinó términos relacionados con utilidades y con España. Los criterios de inclusión eran población residente, afectada o no por alguna enfermedad; utilidades valoradas con cuestionarios validados en España (EQ-5D, HUI, SF-6D) o siguiendo técnicas directas (equivalencia temporal, standard gamble, escala visual analógica). Se realizó una síntesis narrativa de los artículos incluidos, detallando los resultados relacionados con problemas de salud mental. Resultados Se incluyeron 103 estudios, de los que se extrajeron 742 utilidades. Se identificaron 69 utilidades relacionadas con trastornos mentales y del comportamiento, extraídas de 12 estudios. El instrumento más empleado fue el cuestionario EQ-5D. Gran parte de los artículos excluidos evaluaba la calidad de vida, pero sin ofrecer el valor de la utilidad. Conclusiones La presente revisión añade valor al estudio de las utilidades en España mediante la recopilación de valores que puedan ser incluidos en evaluaciones económicas, permitiendo además identificar lagunas en la investigación en este campo. Los valores relacionados con la salud mental identificados se asemejan a otros informados en la literatura internacional (AU)

Objectives Currently, there is no registry of utility values for the Spanish population that could potentially be used in economic evaluations. Consequently, a systematic review of utilities or preferences for health states in the Spanish population was conducted. The results related to mental health are reported. Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted. The main databases searched were MEDLINE, CRD, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane. The search strategy combined terms related to utilities and Spain. The inclusion criteria comprised the resident population in Spain, whether affected by any disease or not; the reported utilities had to be evaluated through a tool validated in Spain (i.e., EQ-5D, HUI, SF-6D) and/or following accepted techniques (e.g., time trade-off, standard gamble, or the visual analog scale). A narrative synthesis of articles was undertaken and the results related to mental health summarized. Results A total of 103 articles were finally included, from which 742 utility values were extracted. Sixty-nine utility values related to mental health and behavioral disorders were extracted from 12 studies. The most widely used tool was the E5-QD questionnaire. Most of the excluded articles evaluated quality of life but did not provide an estimation of utilities. Conclusions This review adds value to research on utilities in Spain by gathering values to be included in economic evaluations, as well as by identifying research gaps in this field. The utility values related to mental health identified in this study are similar to those reported in international publications (AU)