Cutting Edge: Serum but Not Mucosal Antibody Responses Are Associated with Pre-Existing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Cross-Reactive CD4+ T Cells following BNT162b2 Vaccination in the Elderly.

Advanced age is a main risk factor for severe COVID-19. However, low vaccination efficacy and accelerated waning immunity have been reported in this age group. To elucidate age-related differences in immunogenicity, we analyzed human cellular, serological, and salivary SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein-specific immune responses to the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine in old (69-92 y) and middle-aged (24-57 y) vaccinees compared with natural infection (COVID-19 convalescents, 21-55 y of age). Serological humoral responses to vaccination excee-ded those of convalescents, but salivary anti-spike subunit 1 (S1) IgA and neutralizing capacity were less durable in vaccinees. In old vaccinees, we observed that pre-existing spike-specific CD4+ T cells are associated with efficient induction of anti-S1 IgG and neutralizing capacity in serum but not saliva. Our results suggest pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive CD4+ T cells as a predictor of an efficient COVID-19 vaccine-induced humoral immune response in old individuals.

Pediatric renal caregiver burden scale: Psychometric properties of the Turkish version.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: As treatment increasingly shifts from hospital settings to home environments, the burden on caregivers of chronic kidney disease patients has the potential to increase further. It is essential to assess the experience and burdens of caregivers of children with chronic kidney disease to identify caregivers' needs and provide targeted interventions when necessary. Hence, this study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Pediatric Renal Caregiver Burden Scale (PR-CBS). METHODS: This methodological study involved 215 parents with children aged 5-18 and was conducted between December 5, 2021, and August 15, 2022. The Content Validity Index, Explanatory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses, Cronbach's alpha, Test-retest reliability, and item-total score correlation were used in the data analysis. The Turkish version of PR-CBS test-retest reliability analysis was performed with 30 parents after four weeks. RESULTS: PR-CBS consists of 20 items and five sub-dimensions (illness worries, impact on self, impact on child, responsibility, institutional burden). The Turkish version of the PR-CBS and its five dimensions demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency and reliability. The construct validity of the Turkish version of the PR-CBS was confirmed by Explanatory Factor Analyses and was validated with Confirmatory Factor Analysis. CONCLUSIONS: PR-CBS is a valid and reliable tool to assess the burden of caregivers of children with chronic kidney disease in Turkish society. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: By assessing the care burden of families, pediatric nurses can enhance the opportunity to provide quality care and support to caregivers and their patients.

Long noncoding RNAs in pancreas cancer: from biomarkers to therapeutic targets.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules with a heterogeneous structure consisting of 200 or more nucleotides. Because these noncoding RNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II, they have properties similar to messenger RNA (mRNA). Contrary to popular belief, the term "ncRNA" originated before the discovery of microRNAs. LncRNA genes are more numerous than protein-coding genes. They are the focus of current molecular research because of their pivotal roles in cancer-related processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. The incidence of pancreatic cancer (PC) is increasing around the world and research on the molecular aspects of PC are growing. In this review, it is aimed to provide critical information about lncRNAs in PC, including the biological and oncological behaviors of lncRNAs in PC and their potential application in therapeutic strategies and as diagnostic tumor markers.

Can microalbuminuria be an indicator of renal involvement in pediatric Covid 19 patients?

BACKGROUND: Proteinuria (both tubular and glomerular in origin) and its implications are well-known features of adult patients with COVID19. However currently studies addressing proteinuria and its role in the outcome of kidney and patients of pediatric COVID 19 is scarce. We aimed to evaluate the presence of microalbuminuria in order to detect early renal involvement in pediatric COVID 19 patients. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 100 pediatric patients hospitalized with COVID 19 between April and July 2020. Clinical presentations, laboratory findings and outcomes were investigated. Microalbuminuria was compared with the age, gender, disease severity, and hemoglobin, platelet, leukocyte count and serum CRP levels of the patients. RESULTS: Twenty seven out of 100 patients had microalbuminuria. Fourteen patients had mild and fourteen had moderate disease. There was not any significant relation according to age and gender. Microalbuminuria was not related to the severity of the disease. Also the mean microalbuminuria level did not differ according to the disease course. Hemoglobin, platelet, leukocyte counts and serum CRP levels were also were not correlated with microalbuminuria levels. CONCLUSION: Although there was no difference between the groups with different disease course; microalbuminuria is detected in an important ratio of pediatric patients with COVID 19 in this study. In the highlight of our findings we suggest that urinary findings of pediatric COVID patients should be carefully evaluated.

Endocan levels in children with renal hypodysplasia.

AIMS: Severe reduction in nephron numbers that are characteristic of renal hypodysplasia (RHD) are one of the cause of childhood chronic kidney disease (CKD). Glomerular hyperfiltration, glomerular hypertrophy, progressive glomerular scarring, and interstitial fibrosis due to reduced nephron number are risk factors for CKD. In recent years, studies on specific markers for early diagnosis of renal failure and mortality have been carried out. The objectives of this study were to identify serum and urinary endocan levels that are expressed in glomerular endothelial cells and tubular epithelial cells in RHD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 29 children with RHD were compared to 26 healthy controls in terms of serum and urinary endocan levels. RESULTS: The mean serum endocan level in the RHD group and the control group was 700.72 ± 323.19 and 426.86 ± 233.14 pg/mL, respectively. The mean serum endocan level was significantly higher (p = 0.003) in the RHD group. The mean urinary endocan level in the RHD group was 63.62 ± 92.46 pg/mL, and in the control group it was 80.26 ± 142.49 pg/mL. The mean urinary endocan level did not change between groups (p = 0.95). There was also a significant correlation between serum endocan level and uric acid level in the study group (r = 0.325, p = 0.028). CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this was the first study that evaluated serum and urinary endocan levels in children with RHD. Although serum endocan level was found to be significantly higher in patients with RHD, further studies are needed to validate whether endocan could serve as a marker of poor renal prognosis in RHD.

Comparison of Compassion Fatigue, Burnout and Compassion Satisfaction of Oncology-Hematology & Dialysis Nurses.

Background: It is known that health professionals who work with chronic patients for a long time are at risk in terms of compassion fatigue and burnout. Purpose: The study aims to compare the levels of compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction of nurses working on oncology-hematology and dialysis and determine the predictors. Methods: This study was carried out using descriptive and correlational research design. The research was conducted with 278 nurses. Participants were enrolled using a convenience sampling technique from the oncology-hematology inpatient services, outpatient chemotherapy units, and bone marrow transplant units and dialysis nurses of purposively selected hospitals in Istanbul, Turkey. Personal information form and Professional Quality of Life-IV. Potential predictors were analyzed using univariate analysis. We conducted multiple stepwise linear regression analyses to reveal the outcome variables. Results: A sub-analysis comparing the dialysis specialty with the oncology-hematology revealed that dialysis nurses report significantly higher compassion fatigue scores than oncology nurses. Working willingly in the current unit and the level of received social support were determined as predictors for all outcome variables. Conclusions: This is the first study comparing compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction levels of oncology-hematology and dialysis nurses. This study indicates the need for nurse managers to be aware of compassion fatigue and plan compassion fatigue prevention programs. In addition, this study guides the interventional studies to be conducted in the future.

Cross-reactive CD4+ T cells enhance SARS-CoV-2 immune responses upon infection and vaccination.

The functional relevance of preexisting cross-immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a subject of intense debate. Here, we show that human endemic coronavirus (HCoV)­reactive and SARS-CoV-2­cross-reactive CD4+ T cells are ubiquitous but decrease with age. We identified a universal immunodominant coronavirus-specific spike peptide (S816-830) and demonstrate that preexisting spike- and S816-830­reactive T cells were recruited into immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and their frequency correlated with anti­SARS-CoV-2-S1-IgG antibodies. Spike­cross-reactive T cells were also activated after primary BNT162b2 COVID-19 messenger RNA vaccination and displayed kinetics similar to those of secondary immune responses. Our results highlight the functional contribution of preexisting spike­cross-reactive T cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Cross-reactive immunity may account for the unexpectedly rapid induction of immunity after primary SARS-CoV-2 immunization and the high rate of asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 disease courses.

Mental status and suicide probability of young people: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: The most important determinant of suicide ideation, tendency and initiative is the presence of mental disorders. Since the number of those who lost their lives due to suicide in the world rose rapidly among the young population, the World Health Organization emphasizes the importance of assessing young people in the high-risk age group to prevent suicidal behavior. This study aimed to determine psychological symptom levels and suicide probability in young people. METHOD: The cross-sectional research consisted of 15-24 year-old individuals (N=348), who have sought a psychiatric clinic between February and June, 2015. The Research Data was collected by applying Data Collection Form, Suicide Probability Scale (SPS) and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). SPSS 22.0 statistical package program was used for data analysis. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the mean SPS scores according to education, psychiatric treatment, self-harm, smoking and drinking status of the participants in the study. Apart from this, there was also a statistically significant correlation between anxiety, depression, negative self and hostility according to the SPS and BSI subscales (p<0.001, r=0.739; p<0.001, r=0.729; p<0.001, r=0.747; p<0.001, r=0.715; respectively). CONCLUSION: The results of our study show that suicide risk is significantly higher in young people with depression, anxiety, negative self-perception and hostility symptoms. In this regard, we suggest the relevance of assessing the suicide risk of young people seeking a psychiatric clinic, with thorough attention to those who have high potential for suicide.

Tracheal intubation in patients immobilized by a rigid collar: a comparison of GlideScope and an intubating laryngeal mask airway.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Intubation must be rapidly performed with the utmost care in cervical trauma patients. We present the first comparison of GlideScope and an intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA) regarding insertion and intubation times, intubation success rates, mucosal damage, need for optimization maneuvers, effects on hemodynamic changes, and postoperative minor complications in a simulated cervical injury with a Philadelphia cervical collar. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ethics committee approval and patient consent were obtained and 94 American Society of Anesthesiology physical status I or II patients were enrolled in this study. Following standard anesthesia monitoring and induction, the Philadelphia-type cervical collar was applied and patients were subsequently intubated with ILMA or GlideScope. RESULTS: The total intubation success rates were similar between the groups (96%). The insertion (14.9 ± 10 s vs. 21.9 ± 6.5 s, respectively; P < 0.001) and intubation (43.5 ± 13 s vs. 48.4 ± 11 s; P = 0.02) times for ILMA were longer than for GlideScope. The total intubation times for ILMA were longer than the intubation time for GlideScope (43.5 ± 13 s vs. 85.6 ± 13 s; P < 0.001). The mucosal damage was higher in the ILMA group (P = 0.04). The two airway devices increased the heart rate and mean arterial pressure after insertion compared with the postinduction values within groups. CONCLUSION: GlideScope is superior to ILMA in terms of lower insertion and intubation times and lower levels of mucosal damage in cervical collar-immobilized patients.

Mental status and suicide probability of young people: A cross-sectional study

Summary Objective: The most important determinant of suicide ideation, tendency and initiative is the presence of mental disorders. Since the number of those who lost their lives due to suicide in the world rose rapidly among the young population, the World Health Organization emphasizes the importance of assessing young people in the high-risk age group to prevent suicidal behavior. This study aimed to determine psychological symptom levels and suicide probability in young people. Method: The cross-sectional research consisted of 15-24 year-old individuals (N=348), who have sought a psychiatric clinic between February and June, 2015. The Research Data was collected by applying Data Collection Form, Suicide Probability Scale (SPS) and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). SPSS 22.0 statistical package program was used for data analysis. Results: There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the mean SPS scores according to education, psychiatric treatment, self-harm, smoking and drinking status of the participants in the study. Apart from this, there was also a statistically significant correlation between anxiety, depression, negative self and hostility according to the SPS and BSI subscales (p<0.001, r=0.739; p<0.001, r=0.729; p<0.001, r=0.747; p<0.001, r=0.715; respectively). Conclusion: The results of our study show that suicide risk is significantly higher in young people with depression, anxiety, negative self-perception and hostility symptoms. In this regard, we suggest the relevance of assessing the suicide risk of young people seeking a psychiatric clinic, with thorough attention to those who have high potential for suicide.