Multiple sclerosis: Pregnancy and women's health issues. / Esclerosis múltiple, maternidad y cuestiones relacionadas con el género.

BACKGROUND: The course of multiple sclerosis (MS) is influenced by sex, pregnancy and hormonal factors. AIMS: To analyse the influence of the above factors in order to clarify the aetiopathogenic mechanisms involved in the disease. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive review of scientific publications in the PubMed database using a keyword search for 'multiple sclerosis', 'MS', 'EAE', 'pregnancy', 'hormonal factors', 'treatment', and related terms. We reviewed the advances presented at the meeting held by the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) in March 2013 in London, as well as recommendations by international experts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We provide recommendations for counselling and treating women with MS prior to and during pregnancy and after delivery. Current findings on the effects of treatment on the mother, fetus, and newborn are also presented. We issue recommendations for future research in order to address knowledge gaps and clarify any inconsistencies in currently available data.

[Cerebrovascular disease in a tertiary care hospital. The current situation and points to be improved]. / Patología cerebrovascular en un hospital terciario. Situación actual y puntos de mejora.

INTRODUCTION: Caring for patients suffering from a cerebrovascular diseases requires a large quantity of resources which must be optimised. The aim of this study is to analyse the management of stroke in a tertiary care hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All admissions with a diagnosis of stroke were analysed retrospectively for the year 2003. Length of stay, computed tomography in the Emergency Room, origin, previous admissions during the last year, presence of vascular risk factors, stroke subtype, complications and mortality during admission and destination when discharged from hospital, were all recorded. RESULTS: 936 patients were admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of stroke. 80.22% corresponded to acute ischaemic strokes (27.14% lacunar, 18.57% transient ischaemic attacks, 10.25% cardioembolic, 15.44% aterothrombotic, 8.44% infarct of undetermined cause, 0.24% unusual aetiology) and 19.78% corresponded to haemorrhagic strokes (13.99% intraparenchymatous hemorrhage, 5.79% subarachnoid hemorrhage). Intra-hospital mortality was 5.3%. 11% suffered from complications while in hospital, and average length of stay was 10.4 days, being much longer for those patients discharged to a medium-long stay centre (17.5 days). Compared to other series, the incidence of cardioembolic and aterothrombotic subtypes of stroke is low. However, because of the inclusion of neurosurgical patients, an increase of cerebral haemorrhages is observed. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-hospital morbidity and mortality and average length of stay in our series are consistent with those from other centres of similar characteristics. A better coordination with medium-long stay centres along with the presence of neurologists on call, would certainly improve these variables.

[Myasthenia gravis associated with nivolumab]. / Miastenia grave asociada a nivolumab.

TITLE: Miastenia grave asociada a nivolumab.

Esclerosis múltiple, maternidad y cuestiones relacionadas con el género / Multiple sclerosis: Pregnancy and women's health issues

Antecedentes: La esclerosis múltiple (EM) es una enfermedad en cuyo curso influyen el género, los factores hormonales y el embarazo. Objetivos: Realizar un análisis de la influencia de esos factores para aportar información sobre los mecanismos etiopatogénicos involucrados en la enfermedad. Métodos: Revisión exhaustiva de publicaciones científicas (búsqueda en la base de datos PubMed utilizando los términos: esclerosis múltiple, EM, EAE, embarazo, factores hormonales, tratamiento y términos relacionados), de los avances presentados en una reunión organizada por el Comité Europeo para el Tratamiento e Investigación de Esclerosis Múltiple (ECTRIMS), celebrado en marzo de 2013 en Londres, así como de las recomendaciones de reconocidos expertos internacionales. Resultados y conclusiones: Se ofrecen recomendaciones para el asesoramiento y la gestión de personas con EM antes de la concepción, durante el embarazo y después del parto. Se comentan también los conocimientos actuales sobre el efecto del tratamiento en la madre, el feto y el recién nacido. Realizamos recomendaciones para investigaciones futuras a fin de subsanar deficiencias de conocimiento y aclarar incoherencias de los datos actualmente disponibles

Background: The course of multiple sclerosis (MS) is influenced by sex, pregnancy and hormonal factors. Aims: To analyse the influence of the above factors in order to clarify the aetiopathogenic mechanisms involved in the disease. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive review of scientific publications in the PubMed database using a keyword search for 'multiple sclerosis', 'MS', 'EAE', 'pregnancy', 'hormonal factors', 'treatment', and related terms. We reviewed the advances presented at the meeting held by the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) in March 2013 in London, as well as recommendations by international experts. Results and conclusions: We provide recommendations for counselling and treating women with MS prior to and during pregnancy and after delivery. Current findings on the effects of treatment on the mother, fetus, and newborn are also presented. We issue recommendations for future research in order to address knowledge gaps and clarify any inconsistencies in currently available data

Patología cerebrovascular en un hospital terciario. Situación actual y puntos de mejora / Cerebrovascular disease in a tertiary care hospital current situation and issues to be imporved

Introduction. Caring for patients suffering from a cerebrovascular diseases requires a large quantity of resources which must be optimised. The aim of this study is to analyse the management of stroke in a tertiary care hospital. Patients and methods. All admissions with a diagnosis of stroke were analysed retrospectively for the year 2003. Length of stay, computed tomography in the Emergency Room, origin, previous admissions during the last year, presence of vascular risk factors, stroke subtype, complications and mortality during admission and destination when discharged from hospital, were all recorded. Results. 936 patients were admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of stroke. 80,22% corresponded to acute ischaemic strokes (27,14% lacunar, 18,57% transient ischaemic attacks, 10,25% cardioembolic, 15,44% aterothrombotic, 8,44% infarct of undetermined cause, 0,24% unusual aetiology) and 19,78% corresponded to haemorrhagic strokes (13,99% intraparenchymatous hemorrhage, 5,79% subarachnoid hemorrhage). Intra-hospital mortality was 5,3%. 11% suffered from complications while in hospital, and average length of stay was 10,4 days, being much longer for those patients discharged to a medium-long stay centre (17,5 days). Compared to other series, the incidence of cardioembolic and aterothrombotic subtypes of stroke is low. However, because of the inclusion of neurosurgical patients, an increase of cerebral haemorrhages is observed. Conclusions. Intra-hospital morbidity and mortality and average length of stay in our series are consistent with those from other centres of similar characteristics. A better coordination with medium-long stay centres along with the presence of neurologists on call, would certainly improve these variables (AU)

Introducción. La atención a los pacientes con enfermedad cerebrovascular consume gran cantidad de recursos que se necesitan usar óptimamente. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la situación de la atención a los ictus en un hospital terciario. Pacientes y métodos. Se analizaron retrospectivamente todos los ingresos con diagnóstico de ictus durante el año 2003. Se registraron la duración de la estancia, la realización de tomografía axial computarizada en Urgencias, procedencia, ingresos previos en el último año, presencia de factores de riesgo vascular, subtipo de ictus, complicaciones y mortalidad durante el ingreso y destino al alta. Resultados. Ingresaron un total de 936 pacientes con diagnóstico de ictus. El 80,22% correspondían a ictus isquémicos (27,14% lacunares, 18,57% accidente isquémico transitorio, 10,25% cardioembólicos, 15,44% aterotrombóticos, 8,44% clasificación incierta, 0,24% causa inhabitual) y el 19,78% a formas hemorrágicas (13,99% hematomas, 5,79% hemorragia subaracnoidea). La mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue del 5,3%, el 11% presentaron algún tipo de complicación durante el ingreso y la estancia media fue de 10,4 días, muy superior en aquellos pacientes con destino al alta a un centro de media-larga estancia (17,5 días). Por subtipo de ictus se aprecia una menor incidencia de ictus cardioembólicos y aterotrombóticos que en otras series. Al incluir pacientes neuroquirúrgicos hay, en cambio, un aumento de hemorragias cerebrales. Conclusiones. La morbimortalidad intrahospitalaria y la estancia media de nuestra serie son acordes a las de los centros de similares características. La mejor coordinación con centros de media-larga estancia junto con la presencia de neurólogos de guardia y/o la creación de unidades de ictus, sin duda, podrían mejorar estos resultados (AU)