RESUMEN
The trade in live animals between India and Brazil dates from the late nineteenth century when European travellers traded animals of Indian origin for display in zoos. Considering the origin of coffee and sugar cane, as well as the expertise related to mineral evaluation, we need to consider that India was involved in important economic cycles of Brazil, even indirectly. This virtuous flow of trade has been maintained and intensified throughout modern history, especially after these two nations gained political independence from their colonisers, thereby becoming independent in mercantile affairs. This paper addresses the main points related to the use of animals of Indian origin in Brazil. We revisit some of the historical aspects of the process of colonisation of Brazil, as well as the importation of animals from India. The restrictions imposed on this process due to the occurrence of diseases in cattle and buffalo in India will be examined. At the end of the text, emphasis will be given to the risks of introducing exotic diseases into Brazil.
RESUMEN
Banana black leaf streak disease caused by the present quarantine pest M. fijiensis occurs in Mato Grosso State since 1999 and requires adoption of sanitation, including detection survey. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of M. fijiensis in Mato Grosso State from 1999 to 2013, as well as how black leaf streak disease periodically was spread in all regions of Mato Grosso State according to the standards of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply. Considering the first outbreak year and the previous surveys (Table 1), it can be verified that Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet was introduced into Mato Grosso State in accordance with the following periods of times and counties: 2001 to 2003 - Nova Bandeirantes and Paranaíta; 2001 to 2004 - Barra do Bugres and Gaúcha do Norte; 2001 to 2005 - Paranatinga; 2002 to 2004 - Porto Estrela, Santo Afonso, and Tangará da Serra; 2002 to 2005 - Rosário Oeste; 2004 - Acorizal, Guarantã do Norte, and Sinop; 2004 to 2005 - Sapezal; 2005 - Campos de Júlio, Nova Maringá, Poxoréu, and Sorriso; 2005 to 2006 -Marcelândia and Matupá; 2007 - Água Boa, Barra do Garças, Campinápolis, General Carneiro, Novo São Joaquim, and Pedra Preta; 2013 - Canabrava do Norte, Confresa, Porto Alegre do Norte, and São José do Xingu. The dispersal of M. fijiensis throughout both time and space showed to be random in Mato Grosso State and its counties, except among some counties adjacent each other, which can be explained by the movement of infected banana seedlings.
O fungo Micosphaerella fijiensis, agente causal da Sigatoka Negra, é uma praga quarentenária presente, que ocorre no estado de Mato Grosso, desde 1999, e exige adoção de medidas fitossanitárias, inclusive levantamentos de detecção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a disseminação de M. fijiensis, em Mato Grosso, durante o período de 1999 a 2013, já que a Sigatoka Negra foi levantada em todas as regiões de Mato Grosso, periodicamente, conforme as normas do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Determinou-se o ano ou o período em que o fungo M. fijiensis foi introduzido nos municípios, considerando-se o ano de detecção do primeiro foco e o levantamento anterior, resultando na seguinte constatação: (2001 a 2003 Nova Bandeirantes e Paranaíta); (2001 a 2004 Barra do Bugres e Gaúcha do Norte); (2001 a 2005 Paranatinga); (2002 a 2004 Porto Estrela, Santo Afonso e Tangará da Serra); (2002 a 2005 Rosário Oeste); (2004 Acorizal, Guarantã do Norte e Sinop); (2004 a 2005 Sapezal); (2005 Campos de Júlio, Nova Maringá, Poxoréu e Sorriso); (2005 a 2006 Marcelândia e Matupá); (2007 Água Boa, Barra do Garças, Campinápolis, General Carneiro, Novo São Joaquim e Pedra Preta); (2013 Canabrava do Norte, Confresa, Porto Alegre do Norte e São José do Xingu). A dispersão desta praga, no tempo e no espaço, mostrou-se aleatória, exceto entre alguns municípios adjacentes entre si, fato que pode ser explicado pelo trânsito de mudas de bananeira contaminadas.