Efficacy and safety assessment of glandular augmentation with hyaluronic acid for premature ejaculation.

Glandular augmentation (GA) with hyaluronic acid (HA) is a newly developed, minimally invasive therapy for patients with premature ejaculation (PE); however, evidence supporting its efficacy is scarce. To provide a comprehensive profile of GA with HA gel in managing PE, 184 patients with PE who received GA with HA gel therapy from October 2017 to November 2019 were included and followed up for 1 year. The Fan technique was applied. Intravaginal Ejaculation Latency Time (IELT), Chinese Index of Premature Ejaculation-5(CIPE-5) and Visualised Satisfaction Index (VSI) of sexual experience were assessed at initial and 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-month post injection. A total of 71 patients with primary PE (pPE, 38.6%) and 113 patients with acquired PE (aPE, 61.4%) were enrolled. The mean IELT increased to 100.7 ± 43.2 s(p < .05) for pPE patients and 359.2 ± 87.1 s (p < .05) for aPE patients 1-month post injection and remained significantly higher at the end point with acceptable attenuation. The mean CIPE-5 score increased to 17.6 ± 6.4 (p < .05) in the 1st month and remained steady. The VSI scores increased to 6.6 ± 1.0 (p < .05) for patients with pPE and 7.7 ± 1.2 (p < .01) for patients with aPE. Increments in VSI in patients with aPE were significantly higher than those in patients with pPE (p < .01). No severe complications were noted. GA with HA may be an effective and safe method to treat PE. Patients with acquired PE were also more satisfied post treatment.

[Normalized diagnosis and treatment of small penis: Advances in studies].

Small penis is abnormal development of the male external genitalia with unknown etiology. It is closely related to abnormal endocrine or pubertal development, chromosomal or genetic abnormalities. Pubertal growth retardation and secondary hypogonadism are commonly complicated by small penis or small testis; primary hypogonadal lesion develops in the testis; testosterone deficiency often results in small penis and short stature; sexual dysfunction and male infertility tend to occur in adult men. Attention should be paid to the four aspects concerning the clinically standardized diagnosis and treatment of small penis, namely, accurate measurement of the stretched penile length, active screening of possible causes, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and active and effective clinical interventions for the purpose of increasing the penile length and improving the prognosis, patient's quality of life, and natural pregnancy rate.

Multivariate analysis of factors for failed continuous bladder irrigation in hemorrhagic cystitis patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) and proper adjustment of saline irrigation speed are important to avoid CBI failure in hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Nevertheless, too fast irrigation speed could take away the patient's much heat, contribute to blood coagulopathy, and increase the nursing workload. Evaluation of risk for CBI failure remains an unmet clinical need. METHODS: The general information, clinical characteristics, and consultation records of HC patients in 1380 patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in our center from 2017 to 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to calculate the cutoff point of the continuous variable, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting CBI failure in HC patients. RESULTS: The incidence of HC after HSCT was 23%. A total of 227 patients with HC above grade 2 were included. Univariate analysis showed that CRP, age, platelet counts, onset time after transplantation, albumin, and hemoglobin were associated with CBI failure in the short-term (P < 0.05). ROC curve and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that CRP > 8.89 ng/ml (RR = 7.828, 95% CI 2.885-21.244), age < 14.5 years (RR = 9.940, 95% CI 3.219-30.697), and onset time of HC > 37d after transplantation (RR = 7.021, 95% CI 2.204-22.364), were independent risk factors for failure of CBI (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The study identified CRP > 8.89 ng/ml, age < 14.5 years, and onset time of HC after HSCT > 37d are independent factors for failure of CBI, which could be combined to allow stratification of HC after HSCT patients into low-, intermediate- and high-risk subgroups of CBI failure.

Complications and Management of Penile Girth Enhancement with Acellular Dermal Matrix.

INTRODUCTION: Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is a common filler used widely in clinical practice to increase penile girth for cosmetic reasons, but there are few studies on its complications. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the complications of penile girth enhancement (PGE) with ADM. METHODS: The medical records of 78 patients who underwent PGE with ADM between June 2016 and January 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Related complications and their subsequent management were summarized and analyzed. RESULTS: 78 patients (mean age 31.14 years [21-66 years]) received PGE with ADM. At the 3-month follow-up, the penile circumference was increased by 1.1 (0.5-2.1) cm on average. There were 47 patients with erectile discomfort, 12 with delayed healing, 10 with unobvious augmentation effect, 8 with wound hematoma, 7 with prepuce edema, 4 with wound infection, and 3 patients with skin necrosis of the dorsal side. 7 patients eventually underwent ADM removal. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: These adverse complications indicate that ADM should be used with caution for PGE. STRENGTH & LIMITATIONS: This study adds important data, as there are few published reports on the complications of PGE with ADM. However, this study did not compare postoperative complications with ADM to those seen with other filler material. CONCLUSION: Even with standardized surgical methods and rigorous postoperative care, complications of PGE using ADM are severe, which indicates that it is not an ideal or safe method for PGE. Xu T, Zhang G, Bai W, et al. Complications and Management of Penile Girth Enhancement with Acellular Dermal Matrix. J Sex Med 2019;16:2011-2017.

A Clinical Study on Microsurgical Denervation of Spermatic Cord for Refractory Chronic Orchialgia.

OBJECTIVES: Microsurgical denervation of the spermatic cord (MDSC) is a treatment option for chronic orchialgia (CO) refractory to conservative treatment. Studies showed specific nerve fibers as the possible cause of CO. We aimed to present the outcomes of ligation of these nerves using targeted MDSC. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 30 cases who underwent targeted MDSC from August 2014 to February 2018. Patients included were under strict criteria. Pain was assessed preoperatively and postoperatively using a subjective visual analog scale (VAS) and objectively with the standardized and validated Pain Impact Questionnaire-6 (PIQ-6) score. RESULTS: Data were available on 28 cases at repercussion. During a median follow-up of 12 months (range 10-29), 25 cases (89.2%) showed a significant reduction in pain and 3 (9.8%) had no change in pain by subjective VAS scoring. Of cases with a significant reduction in pain, 15 (53.5%) had complete resolution and 19 (67.9%) had a 50% or greater reduction. Objective PIQ-6 analysis showed a significant reduction in pain in 78.6% of patients at 6 months postoperatively, in 82.1% at 1 year, in 82.1% at 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: Targeted MDSC is an effective, minimally invasive approach with potential long-term durability in patients with refractory CO.

Suspensory ligament release combined with acellular dermal matrix filler in infrapubic space: A new method for penile length augmentation.

Until now, no reliable method is recognised in treating buried penis. This study explored a new method of penile length augmentation using acellular dermal matrix filler in infrapubic space combined with liposuction and penile suspensory release. Patients with "small-sized penis" received penile length augmentation procedure including suprapubic liposuction, penile suspensory ligament release and insertion of folded acellular dermal matrix between corpora cavernosa and pubis symphysis. Their penile length from tip to skin was measured pre-operatively and post-operatively. The post-operative complications and patients' satisfaction were also recorded. Fifteen adult male patients were included with the mean age of 33.2 ± 4.6 years old and BMI of 28.9 ± 5.3 kg/m2 . The average amount of liposuction was 430 ± 90.0 ml. The average penile length measured pre-operatively and post-operatively (on table and 3 months afterwards) was 3.0 ± 1.3 cm, 7.3 ± 2.1 cm and 5.4 ± 1.8 cm. The penile length has significantly increased by 4.3 ± 1.6 cm (on table) and 2.4 ± 0.8 cm (3 months post-operatively; p < 0.05). The post-operative complications included oedema of penis, ecchymosis of lower abdomen and poor wound healing. No patient was dissatisfied with the appearance and function. The new method using acellular dermal matrix combined with liposuction and penile suspensory ligament release is safe and effective. The method could be applied to selected patients with buried penis.

[Normative diagnosis and treatment of small penis].

Small penis is a disease of sexual dysplasia, which might be related to chromosome or genetic abnormalities, pubertal dysplasia, endocrine abnormality, and other factors. Hypogonadism is common in small penis. Children with small penis often have small testes, short stature, and male secondary sexual deficiencies, and the incidence of infertility is high in adulthood. Small penis can be early detected by accurately measuring the stretched penile length, screening the pathogenic causes, and differentiating it from buried or concealed penis. Once definite diagnosis is made, positive clinical intervention should be initiated. Early treatment can improve the prognosis of small penis, the patient's quality of life and the rate of natural pregnancy.

[Considerations on priapism].

Priapism is a rare pathological penile erection, and there are some inadequacies in its definition, classification, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies. In this article, we sum up our years of experience with priapism and put forward some new views and ideas about its definition, classification, pathophysiologic process, pathological change, diagnostic essentials, therapeutic measures, indications of successful treatment, and post-therapeutic rehabilitation of erectile function. We also describe the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of some special types of priapism, such as intermittent seizure, sleep-related painful erection, and tumor-related priapism, hoping to help urologists and andrologists in the further understanding and management of priapism.

Restricted transfer of learning between unimanual and bimanual finger sequences.

When training bimanual skills, such as playing piano, people sometimes practice each hand separately and at a later stage combine the movements of the two hands. This poses the critical question of whether motor skills can be acquired by separately practicing each subcomponent or should be trained as a whole. In the present study, we addressed this question by training human subjects for 4 days in a unimanual or bimanual version of the discrete sequence production task. Both groups were then tested on trained and untrained sequences on both unimanual and bimanual versions of the task. Surprisingly, we found no evidence of transfer from trained unimanual to bimanual or from trained bimanual to unimanual sequences. In half the participants, we also investigated whether cuing the sequences on the left and right hand with unique letters would change transfer. With these cues, untrained sequences that shared some components with the trained sequences were performed more quickly than sequences that did not. However, the amount of this transfer was limited to ∼10% of the overall sequence-specific learning gains. These results suggest that unimanual and bimanual sequences are learned in separate representations. Making participants aware of the interrelationship between sequences can induce some transferrable component, although the main component of the skill remains unique to unimanual or bimanual execution.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Studies in reaching movement demonstrated that approximately half of motor learning can transfer across unimanual and bimanual contexts, suggesting that neural representations for unimanual and bimanual movements are fairly overlapping at the level of elementary movement. In this study, we show that little or no transfer occurred across unimanual and bimanual sequential finger movements. This result suggests that bimanual sequences are represented at a level of the motor hierarchy that integrates movements of both hands.

[Diagnosis and management of sleep-related painful erections:A report of 9 cases].

Objective: To investigate the pathogenesis and management of sleep-related painful erections(SRPE). Methods: This study included 9 SRPE patients aged 39- 59( mean 47. 8) years and with a mean disease course of 13. 5 ± 1. 2 months. We conducted blood urine routine examinations, collected four blood coagulation indexes, obtained IIEF-5 scores and sexual hormone levels, and recorded the nocturnal penile tumescence( NPT) and results of polysomnographic sleep monitoring of the patients. After 1,4,8,12,and 24 weeks of individualized treatment for each patient, we performed telephone follow-up for therapeutic effects and adverse drug reactions. Results: All the 9 patients were diagnosed with primary SRPE after excluding other diseases,6 of them treated with chlorimipramine or chlorimipramine combined with other medicine and the other 3 by antiandrogen therapy. Complete pain remission was achieved by 77. 78% at 4 weeks and 66. 67% at 24 weeks. The 3 patients treated by antiandrogen therapy experienced recurrence at 24 weeks but relieved after 1 week of adjusted treatment. Conclusion: Chlorimipramine, combination of chlorimipramine with medicine, and antiandrogen therapy are all evidently effective for the treatment of primary SRPE.

[Micropump infusion of gonadorelin in the treatment of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in patients with pituitary stalk interruption syndrome: cases analysis and literature review].

Two cases of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism caused by pituitary stalk interruption syndrome treated by pulse infusion of gonadorelin via micropump were reported, and their clinical features and the treatment process of pulse infusion of gonadorelin via micropump summarized. Both of the 2 patients were presented primarily with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. After the treatment with pulse infusion of gonadorelin via micropump, their syndrome of androgen deficiency improved and the gonadotropin levels promoted at the end of 12 weeks' follow-up. Pulse infusion of gonadorelin via micropump is an alternative to treat hypogonadotropic hypogonadism caused by pituitary stalk interruption syndrome.

Chinese urologists' practice patterns of diagnosing and treating chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a questionnaire survey.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application of the Chinese Urological Association (CUA) guidelines on prostatitis and the effects on the clinical practice patterns of diagnosing and treating chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) among Chinese urologists. METHODS: We conducted a questionnaire investigation of the CUA guidelines on prostatitis among the urologists from 399 hospitals in 63 cities of China, and performed statistical analyses on all the eligible questionnaires collected. RESULTS: Of the 2 251 questionnaires distributed, 2 046 (90.9%) were eligible, of which 92.5% were from the urologists in tertiary or secondary hospitals, of whom 72.3% had senior or intermediate professional titles, and 90.2% had studied the CUA guidelines. Most respondents agreed that Type III prostatitis was a clinical syndrome, of which the diagnosis should be made after other conditions with similar symptoms had been ruled out and the aim was to relieve pain, alleviate urination symptoms and improve quality of life. Those who had and those who had not studied the CUA guidelines differed in their viewpoints on CPPS as illustrated in the guidelines. In clinical practice, the most common treatment options for CPPS were pharmaceutical therapy (95.0%), life style adjustment (88.9%), and psychotherapy (79.9%), and the most frequently prescribed drugs were phytotherapy (84.5%), α-blockers (79.0%) and antibiotics (64.0%). CONCLUSION: CUA guidelines on prostatitis has gained a nationwide application and promoted the standardization of the management of CPPS in China.

[Changes in the ultrastructure of sperm flagella in severe idiopathic asthenospermia patients: observation of 22 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the ultrastructural changes of sperm flagella in patients with severe idiopathic asthenospermia. METHODS: Using the transmission electron microscope, we examined the ultrastructure of sperm flagella from 22 patients with severe idiopathic asthenospermia. RESULTS: Ultrastructural anomalies were found in all the 22 patients, 6 with partial or complete absence of internal and external dynamic arms in dedicative of primary ciliary dyskinesia, 1 with hyperplasia, hypertrophy and disordered organization of the fibrous sheath usually referred to as dysplasia of the fibrous sheath, and the other 15 with non-specific flagellar anomalies. CONCLUSION: Examination of the ultrastructure of sperm flagella in severe idiopathic asthenospermia patients can help to distinguish congenital from acquired flagellar structural anomalies and give valuable guidance in the treatment.

Association of depression/anxiety with lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction in Chinese men aged from 22 to 50 years.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships among lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), erectile dysfunction (ED) and mental health in Chinese men aged from 22 to 50. METHODS: The subjects were 907 men aged between 22 and 50 years. The symptoms of mental distress were evaluated by the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale questionnaires and Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale questionnaires. The symptoms of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS), LUTS and ED were assessed by the US National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5) score. RESULTS: In the study, 894 subjects had their complete data. Their mean NIH-CPSI score was higher for the men with depression and anxiety than for those without (6.2±6.2 vs. 5.0±5.8, P=0.015; 8.7±8.1 vs. 4.7± 5.3, P<0.001), with the mean IPSS score (5.9±6.6 vs. 4.7±5.8, P=0.029; 8.4±8.0 vs. 4.4±5.5, P<0.001). The mean IIEF-5 score was lower for the men with depression and anxiety than for those without (18.3±4.4 vs. 20.2±3.5; 17.2±4.1 vs. 20.1±3.6, both P<0.001). The proportion of total ED was higher for the men with depression and anxiety than for those without (69.7% vs. 57.8%, P=0.002; 81.1% vs. 57.0%, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study reveals associations among depression, anxiety, and CPPS, LUTS and ED in Chinese men aged 50 years and younger.

[Distal cavernosal-glan shunt for ischemic priapism: a long-term follow-up study].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the management of ischemic priapism (IP) by analyzing the clinical and follow-up data of IP patients. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 8 IP patients treated in our hospital from January 2004 to June 2010 and analyzed the results of follow-ups by telephone calls and clinic visits. RESULTS: The average age of the patients was 34.5 (23 -41) years and the mean duration of priapism was 84.5 (36 -132) hours. All the patients had received previous detumescence treatment but failed before referred to our hospital. Irrigation/aspiration was performed at first, which achieved complete detumescence in 1 case and partial or transitional detumescence in the other 7. Subsequently, bilateral Al-Ghorab shunt was tried and succeeded in 2 cases but failed in 5. Finally, T-shunt was conducted, which achieved complete resumption in all the remaining 5 cases. Follow-up data were available in 5 of the cases, which were followed up for 12 -66 (mean 54) months. Of the 5 cases, moderate ED occurred in 2, and complete ED in 3. The latter 3 had suffered a longer duration of IP than the former 2. CONCLUSION: If detumescence failes, early intervention by T-shunt can improve the success rate of IP treatment.

[Application of CUA Guidelines on Prostatitis in the management of chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a nationwide survey].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application of the Chinese Urological Association (CUA) Guidelines on Prostatitis and its effects on the clinical practice patterns of diagnosing and treating chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) among Chinese urologists and andrologists. METHODS: We conducted a questionnaire investigation on the application of the CUA Guidelines on Prostatitis among the urologists and andrologists of 173 hospitals in 21 cities of China, and performed statistical analyses on all the eligible questionnaires collected. RESULTS: Of the 1 056 questionnaires distributed, 851 (80.6%) were eligible, of which 71.6% were from the urologists or andrologists in grade 3 hospitals, 80.7% of them with senior or intermediate professional titles and 97.5% had studied the CUA Guidelines. Most of the subjects agreed that Type III prostatitis is a clinical syndrome, whose diagnosis should exclude other conditions with similar symptoms, and whose treatment should aim at relieving pain, alleviating urination symptoms and improving the quality of life. Those who had and those who had not studied the CUA Guidelines differed in their viewpoints on CPPS as illustrated in the book. In clinical practice, the most common treatment options for CPPS were psychological therapy (80.7%), medication (80.4%) and life style adjustment (79.6%), and the most frequently used drugs were phytotherapy (80.0%), alpha-blockers (68.9%) and antibiotics (61.0%). CONCLUSION: CUA Guidelines on Prostatitis has gained a nationwide application and promoted the standardization of the management of CPPS in China.

[Synthesis and experimental study of a novel polymer/gene compound drug controlled release system for the treatment of erectile dysfunction].

OBJECTIVE: To overcome the deficiency in the current therapies for erectile dysfunction (ED), we designed and synthesized a novel high-efficiency polymer/gene compound drug controlled release system and discussed the feasibility of pH and temperature dually sensitive injectable hydrogel in ED gene therapy. METHODS: We synthesized optimal siRNA gene nanoparticles by characterizing the zeta potential of polylysine (PLL)/siRNA gene compounds, and established a pH and temperature dually sensitive injectable gene compound drug controlled release system via Schiffs reaction between glycol chitosan (GC) and benzaldehyde capped OHC-PEO-PPO-PEO-CHO. Then we demonstrated the sustained release of the system at different temperatures. RESULTS: When the mass ratio of PLL to siRNA was 20:1, the zeta potential of the PLL/siRNA gene compound reached the peak (+23.5 mV) and the siRNA was encapsulated by PLL in the maximal degree. GC and OHC-PEO-PPO-PEO-CHO was crosslinked via benzoicimine reaction when environmental pH was changed from 5.5 to 7.4. The reslease of the siRNA encapsulated in this system kept at a low rate at 37 degrees C, significantly enhanced with the increase of the temperature to 60 degrees C, rising to (122.5 +/- 5.3) microg at 1 000 minutes as compared with (23.8 +/- 6.0) microg at 37 degrees C (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The polymer/gene compound drug controlled release system was successfully synthesized, which improved the stability and capacity of gene carriers and achieved siRNA release at different temperatures, promising to be a new approach to the gene therapy of ED.

Learning task-agnostic and interpretable subsequence-based representation of time series and its applications in fMRI analysis.

The recent success of sequential learning models, such as deep recurrent neural networks, is largely due to their superior representation-learning capability for learning the informative representation of a targeted time series. The learning of these representations is generally goal-directed, resulting in their task-specific nature, giving rise to excellent performance in completing a single downstream task but hindering between-task generalisation. Meanwhile, with increasingly intricate sequential learning models, learned representation becomes abstract to human knowledge and comprehension. Hence, we propose a unified local predictive model based on the multi-task learning paradigm to learn the task-agnostic and interpretable subsequence-based time series representation, allowing versatile use of learned representations in temporal prediction, smoothing, and classification tasks. The targeted interpretable representation could convey the spectral information of the modelled time series to the level of human comprehension. Through a proof-of-concept evaluation study, we demonstrate the empirical superiority of learned task-agnostic and interpretable representation over task-specific and conventional subsequence-based representation, such as symbolic and recurrent learning-based representation, in solving temporal prediction, smoothing, and classification tasks. These learned task-agnostic representations can also reveal the ground-truth periodicity of the modelled time series. We further propose two applications of our unified local predictive model in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis to reveal the spectral characterisation of cortical areas at rest and reconstruct more smoothed temporal dynamics of cortical activations in both resting-state and task-evoked fMRI data, giving rise to robust decoding.

Atractylodes macrocephala-Paeonia lactiflora Class Formula for the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis.

Previous meta-analyses suggested that Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is effective for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Formulas with Atractylodes macrocephala and Paeonia lactiflora as the core pairs have been widely used by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practitioners for the treatment of IBS. We aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of the Atractylodes macrocephala-Paeonia lactiflora class formula (A-P CHM) for IBS through a meta-analysis and trial-sequential analysis (TSA). The protocol is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under registration number CRD42023439087. We searched seven databases for data up to May 23, 2023. The primary outcome was global IBS symptom relief. The secondary outcomes included the IBS severity scoring system (IBS-SSS) score and treatment-related adverse events. The relative ratio (RR) (dichotomous variables), the standardized mean difference (SMD) (continuous variables), the number needed to treat (NNT), the number needed to harm (NNH), and the required information size (RIS) were calculated. Twenty-four eligible articles with 3,768 participants were included. Thirteen trials were at low risk of bias (RoB). Compared with placebo or Western medication, A-P CHM was associated with a significantly higher proportion of relief of global IBS symptoms. The TSA analysis verified the primary outcome. For the secondary outcome, the A-P CHM IBS-SSS score was lower than Western medication or placebo at the end of the treatment, which was further confirmed by the TSA analysis. We asserted that A-P CHM might be a potential candidate for patients with IBS, especially for IBS-D. It may provide a theoretical basis for future optimization of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) herbal formulas. The overall certainty of the evidence was not high; more tightly designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are required in the future.

Rational design of a ratiometric fluorescent probe for imaging lysosomal nitroreductase activity.

Overexpressed nitroreductase (NTR) is often utilized to evaluate the hypoxic degree in tumor tissues, thus it is of great importance to develop high selective and efficient optical method to detect NTR. The dynamic fusion and function of lysosome promoted us to explore the possible appearance of NTR inside this organelle and to probe its behavior in a cellular context. In this work, a ratiometric fluorescent probe based on an extended π-π conjugation of a triphenylamine unit was designed for NTR detection and lysosomes imaging. The dual-emission mechanism of the probe in the presence of catalytic NTR was confirmed by theoretical study. The structure-function relationship between probe and NTR was revealed by docking calculations, suggesting a suitable structural and spatial match of them. The photophysical studies showed the probe had high selectivity, rapid response and a wide pH range towards NTR. MTT assay indicated the probe had low cytotoxicity in both normal (HUVEC) and tumor (MCF-7) cells. Furthermore, the inverse fluorescent imaging results confirmed the probe was NTR-active and exhibited time- and concentration-dependent fluorescence signals. In addition, the relatively high Pearson's correlation coefficient (0.99 in HepG2 and 0.97 in MCF-7 cells, compared to Lyso-Tracker Red) demonstrated the probe had excellent lysosomes colocalization. This study illustrates a ratiometric detection of NTR agent for lysosomes fluorescent imaging, which may provide a novel insight in molecular design.