[EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OF ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS IN INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN WITH ORAL REHYDRATION SOLUTION (ORS 200)].

In this paper are shown the basic rules of conduct for acute gastroenteritis in infancy. There are presented possibilities of solution HiPP (ORS 200), which in both its forms is appropriate and a good tool for oral rehydration in children of all ages with acute gastroenterokoitis.

[Modern medico-biological nutritional requirements for pregnant women].

This review describes the basic physiological requirements, expert opinions and medico-biological recommendations for the optimal nutritional regime of pregnant women. In the first trimester of pregnancy the nutritional intake should be supplemented by about +68 kcal/24 h (the normal intake is 2000 kcal/24 h for non-pregnant women in the respective age group). In the second trimester the supplementation should be by +266 kcal/24 h, while in the III trimester--by up to +496 kcal/24 h. The requirements of folic acid and vitamin B6 during pregnancy are increased by 50%. The need for vitamin A is augmented up to 60%, while for vitamin C, niacin, vitamin B2 and B12--up to 30%. However, the requirements of iron and iodine are increased at most--100%. The weight gain in pregnant women should normally be in the range of 10-12.5 kg. During the I and II trimester it should be not substantial, while in the III trimester it should be about 350-400 g/per week. The risks associated with obesity and uncontrolled weight gain during pregnancy are discussed. Consulting physicians are provided with expert opinions about the individualization of the nutritional intake according to the specific metabolic changes during pregnancy and with definitions of an adequate in energy supply and nutritional balance diet.

[Effect of the quality of dietary protein on the degree of its metabolization in the body]. / Vliianie kachestva alimentarnogo belka na stepen' ego metabolizatsii v organizme.

The authors studied the effect of postponed enrichment of low-grade protein (gluten) by the limiting amino acids (lysine and threonine) on the intensity of the cellular protein synthesis and on the PER. It was established that the rate of incorporation of the labeled amino acid 14C-leucine into cellular proteins changes parallel with change in the PER. Low-grade protein nutrition has an adverse effect on the metabolism. If the diet containing low-grade protein is supplemented with amino acids, the intensity of metabolic processes rises almost to the level seen during adequate animal protein nutrition. A direct and statistically significant correlation was found between the biological value of the protein consumed and the intensity of protein biosynthesis in the cells. It is concluded that measurement of the intensity of the cellular protein synthesis in a good biological test for determination of the test protein quality.

[Casein and gluten utilization by the body]. / Dinamika utilizatsii kazeina i kleikoviny organizmom.

The time-course of changes in casein and gluten utilization was elucidated in rats in 2 experiments lasting 52 and 84 days by means of determining the protein effectiveness coefficient (PEC). The PEC was measured every other 4 days. Casein utilization decreased continuously and almost rectilinearly, whereas gluten utilization first rose (adaptation) and then descended (deadaptation). It is concluded that the time-course of changes in utilization of unbalanced wheat protein is linked not only with restitution of the enzymatic systems but also with mobilization and depletion of the reserve possibilities of the body.