RESUMEN
MK-4256, a tetrahydro-ß-carboline sstr3 antagonist, was discontinued due to a cardiovascular (CV) adverse effect observed in dogs. Additional investigations revealed that the CV liability (QTc prolongation) was caused by the hERG off-target activity of MK-4256 and was not due to sstr3 antagonism. In this Letter, we describe our extensive SAR effort at the C3 position of the tetrahydro-ß-carboline structure. This effort resulted in identification of 5-fluoro-pyridin-2-yl as the optimal substituent on the imidazole ring to balance sstr3 activity and the hERG off-target liability.
Asunto(s)
Carbolinas/química , Carbolinas/farmacología , Receptores de Somatostatina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Carbolinas/síntesis química , Perros , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Humanos , Ratones , Estructura Molecular , Ratas , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
We report the discovery of piperazine urea based compound 1, a potent, selective, orally bioavailable melanocortin subtype-4 receptor partial agonist. Compound 1 shows anti-obesity efficacy without potentiating erectile activity in the rodent models.
Asunto(s)
Piperazinas/química , Receptor de Melanocortina Tipo 4/agonistas , Urea/análogos & derivados , Administración Oral , Animales , Disponibilidad Biológica , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Perros , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Haplorrinos , Ratones , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Piperazinas/farmacocinética , Piperazinas/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Receptor de Melanocortina Tipo 4/genética , Receptor de Melanocortina Tipo 4/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Urea/química , Urea/farmacocinética , Urea/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
We report an SAR study of MC4R analogs containing spiroindane heterocyclic privileged structures. Compound 26 with N-Me-1,2,4-triazole moiety possesses exceptional potency at MC4R and potent anti-obesity efficacy in a mouse model. However, the efficacy is not completely mediated through MC4R. Additional SAR studies led to the discovery of compound 32, which is more potent at MC4R. Compound 32 demonstrates MC4R mediated anti-obesity efficacy in rodent models.
Asunto(s)
Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Receptor de Melanocortina Tipo 4/agonistas , Triazoles/farmacología , Animales , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Estructura Molecular , Ratas , Receptor de Melanocortina Tipo 4/genética , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Triazoles/química , Triazoles/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Design, syntheses and structure-activity relationships of N-acetylated piperazine privileged structures containing MC4R agonist compounds were described. The most potent derivatives were low nM MC4R selective full agonists. Several compounds from the series had modest pharmacokinetic properties.
Asunto(s)
Ligandos , Receptor de Melanocortina Tipo 4/agonistas , Animales , Humanos , Piperazina , Piperazinas/síntesis química , Piperazinas/química , Piperazinas/farmacocinética , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Receptor de Melanocortina Tipo 4/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
We report a series of potent and selective MC4R agonists based on spiroindane amide privileged structures for potential treatments of obesity. Among the synthetic methods used, Method C allows rapid synthesis of the analogs. The series of compounds can afford high potency on MC4R as well as good rodent pharmacokinetic profiles. Compound 1r (MK-0489) demonstrates MC4R mediated reduction of food intake and body weight in mouse models. Compound 1r is efficacious in 14-day diet-induced obese (DIO) rat models.
Asunto(s)
Amidas/química , Fármacos Antiobesidad/química , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Pirrolidinas/química , Receptor de Melanocortina Tipo 4/agonistas , Compuestos de Espiro/química , Amidas/farmacocinética , Amidas/uso terapéutico , Animales , Fármacos Antiobesidad/farmacocinética , Fármacos Antiobesidad/uso terapéutico , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Pirrolidinas/farmacocinética , Pirrolidinas/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Receptor de Melanocortina Tipo 4/metabolismo , Compuestos de Espiro/farmacocinética , Compuestos de Espiro/uso terapéutico , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Design, synthesis, and SAR of a series of 3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,4'-piperidine] based compounds as potent, selective and orally bioavailable melanocortin subtype-4 receptor (MC4R) agonists are disclosed.
Asunto(s)
Piperidinas/química , Receptor de Melanocortina Tipo 4/agonistas , Administración Oral , Animales , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Conformación Molecular , Piperidinas/síntesis química , Piperidinas/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Receptor de Melanocortina Tipo 4/metabolismo , Compuestos de Espiro/química , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
We report the design, synthesis and properties of spiroindane based compound 1, a potent, selective, orally bioavailable, non-peptide melanocortin subtype-4 receptor agonist. Compound 1 shows excellent erectogenic activity in the rodent models.
Asunto(s)
Disfunción Eréctil/tratamiento farmacológico , Indanos/química , Indanos/uso terapéutico , Receptor de Melanocortina Tipo 4/agonistas , Receptor de Melanocortina Tipo 4/metabolismo , Compuestos de Espiro/química , Compuestos de Espiro/uso terapéutico , Animales , Células CHO , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Perros , Haplorrinos , Humanos , Indanos/farmacocinética , Indanos/farmacología , Masculino , Ratones , Estructura Molecular , Unión Proteica , Ratas , Compuestos de Espiro/farmacocinética , Compuestos de Espiro/farmacología , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Antagonism of somatostatin subtype receptor 3 (sstr3) has emerged as a potential treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Unfortunately, the development of our first preclinical candidate, MK-4256, was discontinued due to a dose-dependent QTc (QT interval corrected for heart rate) prolongation observed in a conscious cardiovascular (CV) dog model. As the fate of the entire program rested on resolving this issue, it was imperative to determine whether the observed QTc prolongation was associated with hERG channel (the protein encoded by the human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene) binding or was mechanism-based as a result of antagonizing sstr3. We investigated a structural series containing carboxylic acids to reduce the putative hERG off-target activity. A key tool compound, 3A, was identified from this SAR effort. As a potent sstr3 antagonist, 3A was shown to reduce glucose excursion in a mouse oGTT assay. Consistent with its minimal hERG activity from in vitro assays, 3A elicited little to no effect in an anesthetized, vagus-intact CV dog model at high plasma drug levels. These results afforded the critical conclusion that sstr3 antagonism is not responsible for the QTc effects and therefore cleared a path for the program to progress.
RESUMEN
We report herein the identification of MK-4409, a potent and selective fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor. Starting from a high throughput screening (HTS) hit, medicinal chemistry efforts focused on optimizing of FAAH inhibition in vitro potency, improving the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile, and increasing in vivo efficacy in rodent inflammatory and neuropathic pain assays.
RESUMEN
A structure-activity relationship study of the imidazolyl-ß-tetrahydrocarboline series identified MK-4256 as a potent, selective SSTR3 antagonist, which demonstrated superior efficacy in a mouse oGTT model. MK-4256 reduced glucose excursion in a dose-dependent fashion with maximal efficacy achieved at doses as low as 0.03 mg/kg po. As compared with glipizide, MK-4256 showed a minimal hypoglycemia risk in mice.
RESUMEN
Design and synthesis of potent MC4 selective agonists based on cyclohexylpiperidine derived cyclic urea, oxazolidinones, and sulfonamide based privileged structures are disclosed.
Asunto(s)
Diseño de Fármacos , Receptor de Melanocortina Tipo 4/agonistas , Receptor de Melanocortina Tipo 4/metabolismo , Humanos , Ligandos , Estructura Molecular , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Especificidad por SustratoRESUMEN
The discovery of 1-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid analogs as potent human melanocortin-4 selective agonists is described.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Carboxílicos/farmacología , Receptor de Melanocortina Tipo 4/agonistas , Tetrahidroisoquinolinas/química , Tetrahidronaftalenos/farmacología , Humanos , Conformación Molecular , Imitación Molecular , Unión Proteica/efectos de los fármacos , Receptor de Melanocortina Tipo 4/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
A novel isoquinuclidine containing selective melanocortin subtype-4 receptor small molecule agonist, 3 (RY764), is reported. Its in vivo characterization revealed mechanism-based food intake reduction and erectile activity augmentation in rodents.