Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy in elderly subjects: splenic vessel sacrifice may be associated with a higher rate of splenic infarction.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy has gained popularity in recent years. Splenic preservation can be achieved with or without splenic vessel preservation (SVP). The potential morbidity of this approach in patients aged >70 years has not been well defined. METHODS: Ten patients aged >70 years underwent attempted laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy within a 2-year period. Multiple patient parameters were examined and chi-squared analysis was used to evaluate the association between the operative technique (SVP or splenic vessel division [SVD]) and splenic infarction. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the SVP and SVD groups with regard to age, estimated blood loss (EBL), operating time, splenic volume and length of stay (LoS). RESULTS: Median age was 81 years (range: 71-92 years). Operating room time, LoS, EBL and complication rates were similar to those reported in published series of younger patients. In four patients, the splenic vessels were divided in a manner relying on short gastric collateral flow; SVP was achieved in all other patients. All four patients who underwent SVD developed splenic infarcts and three required splenectomy to manage this (P=0.002). Median LoS was increased in the SVD group (9.3 days vs. 4.3 days; P=0.053). Estimated blood loss was higher in the SVP group (200 ml vs. 100 ml; P=0.091). One pancreatic leak occurred. There were no mortalities. CONCLUSIONS: Spleen-preserving laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy can be performed safely in elderly patients, with results comparable with those achieved in younger subjects. However, elderly patients undergoing division of the splenic artery and vein may be at higher risk for splenic infarct and the aetiology of this is unclear.

Is spine consultation needed for all thoracolumbar fractures? Evaluation of a subspecialist-sparing protocol for screening and management of stable fractures.

BACKGROUND: The shortage of neurosurgeons is a problem in many US trauma centers. Most thoracolumbar spine fractures are treated conservatively, and at our institution, we found that most patients did not require surgery. We hypothesize that most spine fractures can be treated safely and effectively by the trauma team, without neurosurgical consultation, using a protocol to guide diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: A treatment protocol was designed, which used radiologic criteria to screen for potentially stable fractures and guide their treatment by the trauma service without obtaining a spine consult. All patients meeting criteria were ambulated 1 day to 2 days after admission, either with or without a thoracolumbar support orthotic, depending on their level of spinal injury. All received a repeat spine computed tomographic (CT) scan after ambulation. Any change in the fractures on CT findings triggered neurosurgical consultation. Patients with no change in their fractures were discharged with outpatient neurosurgery follow-up and imaging. RESULTS: Sixty-one patients were evaluated prospectively and 45 met inclusion criteria. Of the 45 patients, 39 were managed without the need for neurosurgical consult. Six patients had mild postambulation CT changes, triggering spine consultation, and all six were managed nonoperatively. All unstable fractures, cord injuries, or cases requiring surgery were identified during the initial trauma survey. One hundred fifty-two retrospective cases were then reviewed. Of these 152 patients, 85 met inclusion criteria. Overall, patients with postambulation CT changes were older (median age, 72 vs. 46 years). Of the 85 patients, none of the 9 patients who had postambulation CT changes required surgery. Hundred percent were managed with repeat CT scan and continued bracing. All operative or unstable fractures during the study period would have been effectively screened out by the protocol's radiologic criteria. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a treatment protocol for stable thoracolumbar fractures seems to be safe and is currently in clinical practice at our institution. Its use could conserve neurosurgical resources without sacrificing patient safety outcomes.