RESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study aims to assess the prognostic value of a classification system that includes the presence of ectopic inner foveal layers (EIFL) and other anatomical variables identified in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) surgery. METHODS: A descriptive-analytic, longitudinal, retrospective study was conducted on patients with idiopathic ERMs treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) from January 2017 to December 2021. Clinical data and SD-OCT images were reviewed pre-surgery and 12 months post-surgery. The primary outcome measured was best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before and after surgery, analyzing the impact of anatomical factors on BCVA in patients undergoing ERM surgery. RESULTS: The study included 342 eyes from 323 patients. Post-surgical evaluations showed significant reductions in central foveal thickness (CFT) across all ERM stages, with most stage 4 ERMs regressing to stage 3. The mean improvement in BCVA was significant for all stages, with earlier stages showing better results. Presence of macular edema (ME) and ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption were significant predictors of post-surgical BCVA, while disorganization of the retinal inner layer (DRIL) showed association with visual recovery but was not conclusively predictive. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the importance of SD-OCT in assessing retinal changes in idiopathic ERMs, demonstrating the prognostic value of EIFL stage scheme and other anatomical variables like EZ disruption and ME presence on BCVA. These findings offer insights for surgical prognostication and the potential for personalized treatment strategies.