WEB OF TRANSFORMATIONS: impact of multicomponent intervention on the relationship between sociodemographic indicators, changes in body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and biochemical markers in adolescents with overweight and obesity.

The study aims to analyze the relationships between changes after multicomponent intervention in sociodemographic indicators, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and biochemical markers in overweight/obese adolescents. Quasi-experimental study with 33 overweight/obese adolescents (17 in the intervention group (IG) and 16 in the control group (16)), in which the GI participated in the multicomponent intervention for 24 weeks. Sociodemographic indicators, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and biochemical markers were evaluated. Network analysis was performed using JASP software. In GI, the reduction in %BF proved to be the variable with greater connectivity and strength in the network compared to the control network. Changes in %BF were related to changes in ACR, BMI and leptin. It is concluded that the reduction in %BF is the most important variable in network relationships after the intervention, suggesting that the greater the reduction in %BF, the greater the effect on variables such as BMI, ACR and leptina.

Paths towards a healthier BMI among short and adequate sleepers: A pathway network analysis considering movement behaviors in low-income preschoolers.

INTRODUCTION: Short sleep duration has been seen as a predictor of higher body mass index (BMI) in youth. Sleep duration varies substantially along early childhood, and the paths towards a healthier BMI, considering the other movement behaviors (physical activity-PA and screen time) are unexplored in preschoolers. AIM: To construct a sleep-BMI model to capture the direct and indirect paths to intervening towards a healthier BMI, according to low-income preschoolers' compliance with the other movement behaviors. METHODS: Two hundred and seventy two preschoolers (4.5 ± 0.0; 138 boys) participated in the study. Sleep and screen time (ST) were assessed in a face-to-face interview with primary caregivers. PA was assessed using accelerometer (wGT3X-BT). Preschoolers were categorized as compliant or not with sleep, screen time, total and moderate to vigorous PA recommendations. BMIz-score was calculated according to preschoolers' sex and age. All the assessed variables, besides sex and age were included in a Network Pathway Analysis (NPA) according to age as nodes. RESULTS: At 3 years old, a direct and negative path between sleep-BMIz score was observed. At four and 5 years old, this relationship became positive. Further, girls were more compliant with sleep, ST and total PA recommendations. Total PA (TPA) showed the highest expected influence value in the general, 3 and 4 years old NPA. CONCLUSION: The NPA analysis showed different directions for the relationship between sleep and BMIz score, according to age. Intervention strategies to a healthier BMI among preschoolers compliant or not with sleep recommendations should focus in increasing TPA.

Adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines in low-income Brazilian preschoolers and associations with demographic correlates.

BACKGROUND: The importance of movement behaviors for health is well known, although few studies have examined the adherence to movement guidelines in low-income preschoolers from a middle-income country, as Brazil. This study reports the proportion of preschoolers meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines and investigates its associations with demographic correlates in Brazilian low-income preschoolers. METHODS: Two hundred and seventy preschoolers (132 boys, means age = 3.97 ± 0.80) provided physical activity (PA) data (Actigraph wGT3X). Sleep duration, screen time, and social correlates were parent-reported. Preschoolers were classified as compliant/not compliant with the 24-hour movement guidelines. Relationships between compliance with movement behaviors guidelines and demographic correlates were calculated using a network analysis (Mplus 8.0; Rstudio). RESULTS: Preschoolers were active (273.52 ± 62.08 minutes/day of total PA), though moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time was below the guideline (58.68 ± 22.51 minutes/day); spent more than the recommended 60 minutes/day on screen time (169.91 ± 97.07 minutes/day); and slept less than 10 hours per night (9.44 ± 1.12 hours/day). Only 3% of the sample complied with the guidelines. PA showed the highest compliance (43%), compared to sleep duration (35%) and screen time (15%). Male sex was related to adherence to MVPA recommendations, while female sex, with adherence to total PA recommendations. Child's primary caregiver was the most important centrality indicator in the network. CONCLUSION: Only 3% of the assessed preschoolers are compliant with the 24-hour movement behaviors guidelines. Strategies to promote adherence to movement behaviors among low-income preschoolers should consider child's primary caregivers to support movement behaviors.

Stigma and knowledge about autism in Brazil: A psychometric and intervention study.

LAY ABSTRACT: To promote the full inclusion of autistic people, we must change the knowledge and attitudes of non-autistic individuals. Unfortunately, access to autism information and support remains limited in Brazil, and stigma is also common. Brazilian researchers reached out to a researcher in the United States to co-develop Brazilian surveys to measure autism stigma and knowledge. Together, they made Brazilian versions of stigma and knowledge surveys which autistic people in the United States had helped make. They also adapted an online autism training used in other countries with help from three Brazilian autistic people and the mother of an autistic child. They used the new measures to see if the autism training improved autism stigma and knowledge among Brazilians. The surveys, called EARPA and ECAT in Brazil, were translated into Portuguese in a previous study. In the first study in this article, 532 Brazilians completed the stigma measure and 510 completed the knowledge measure. The researchers used exploratory graph analysis, which uses the connections between items in a survey to understand which items belong together. Seventy-nine Brazilians participated in the training. They were mostly white, female university students. The EGA showed that the stigma survey measured one big idea while the knowledge survey measured four ideas: diagnosis/cause; socio-communicative development; stimming and special interests; and autism in adulthood. Both scales are promising and may be helpful in future Brazilian and cross-cultural studies about autism. Participants reported more knowledge and less stigma after the autism training, which has been found in other countries too.

Association between the environment for physical activity in public schools and childhood obesity: a view in the light of complex systems.

This article aims to analyse the relationship between physical activity (PA) environment at schools, sex, age, and obesity in children, using a network approach. This is a cross-sectional study, with 1,200 children (8.1±1.0 years old) from eight public schools in the same municipality. Weight and height measurements were assessed to calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI) and classified as healthier weight or overweight. To assess the PA environment at school, a interview with the school´s manager was conducted. The association between the PA environment at school and obesity was tested using a Network Analysis performed on the Jasp software. Positive associations between BMI and Physical Education classes (0.847), physical education teacher (0.349), break duration (0.564), and indoor sports court (0.662) were observed. Negative associations were seen with sex (-0.212) age (-0.387), extracurricular PA (-0.492), and playground (-0.557). Additionally, the centrality indicators highlighted extracurricular PA (1.789) as the variables with the highest betweenness values, and BMI with the highest closeness (2.239) and strength (1.230) values. Extracurricular PA and the presence of playgrounds in school´s environment are associated with healthier weight in low-income children.

The subject-environment interplay between runners from different Brazilian macro-regions.

Purpose: Our purpose was to investigate the interplay between runners and their environment using a network approach. Methods: This cross-sectional study sampled Brazilian runners of both sexes, from the five macro-regions of the country. An electronic questionnaire was used to obtain information regarding age, sex, training volume, socio-economic level, place of residence, and running pace. Environmental indicators (public illumination, pavement, sidewalk, and green areas) were collected from available public information. Descriptive statistics were presented in mean (SD), and frequency (%). A network analysis was performed to evaluate the association between individual and environmental characteristics. Statistical analyses were performed in the JASP, considering p < 0.05. Results: At North and Mid-West regions, public illumination presents the highest values for the expected influence (1.74 and 1.56), while in Northeast and Southeast, sidewalks present the highest values (2.13; 0.91). For betweenness centrality, in North, Northeast, and Mid-West regions, residency in the capital of a state presented a hub. In contrast, pavement, and training volume present higher values in the South and Southeast. Network topologies are different. Conclusion: Public illumination (North and Mid-West) and sidewalk (Northeast, Southeast) were the most important variables for runners. Continental size countries need specific approaches to improve physical activity levels and health outcomes that consider the cultural, historical, and environmental background.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the web-based executive functioning questionnaire for Brazilian sample (Webexec-BR).

The Web-based Executive Functioning Questionnaire (Webexec) is a brief scale developed to assess executive functions via online format. It has been used in different contexts, but its adaptation to other cultures is still restricted. This study aimed to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Webexec for a Brazilian sample considering the psychometric properties of the scale. This study used a sample of 295 Brazilian participants, with a mean age equal to 20.69 (SD = 6.030). This is a longitudinal study with reapplication of the scale six weeks after the test phase. Classical and contemporary methods were applied to analyze the psychometric properties of the Webexec. The results showed that the scale presented excellent psychometric properties for the Brazilian version, considering validity evidence based on the content and internal structure of Webexec, as well as reliability and precision. However, it is considered that other relational and experimental studies should be carried out with a larger sample size and for different population groups.

How Do Health, Biological, Behavioral, and Cognitive Variables Interact over Time in Children of Both Sexes? A Complex Systems Approach.

The present study examined gender differences in health, physical activity, physical fitness, real and perceived motor competence, and executive function indicators in three time points, and analyzed the dynamic and non-linear association between health, biological, behavioral, and cognitive variables in children followed over time. A total of 67 children (aged between six and 10 years) were followed during two years and split into two cohorts (six to eight years old: C1; eight to 10 years old: C2). Data regarding health, physical activity, real and perceived motor competence, physical fitness, and executive function indicators were obtained according to their respective protocols. Comparison tests and network analysis were estimated. Significant gender differences were found in both cohorts. The emerged networks indicated different topologies in both cohorts. No clusters were observed between the variables in C1, and there was a greater number of interactions at eight years of age. Sparse networks were observed in children aged eight and 10 years in C2, and greater connectivity was observed at nine years of age between health, physical fitness, motor competence, and physical activity indicators. This study showed that there are non-linear dynamic relationships between health, biological, behavioral, and cognitive variables over time during child development.

The Impact of a Swimming Training Season on Anthropometrics, Maturation, and Kinematics in 12-Year-Old and Under Age-Group Swimmers: A Network Analysis.

Understanding fluctuations and associations between swimming performance-related variables provide strategic insights into a swimmer's preparation program. Through network analysis, we verified the relationships between anthropometrics, maturation, and kinematics changes (Δ) in 25-m breaststroke (BREAST) and butterfly (FLY) swimming performance, before and after a 47-week swimming training season. Twenty age-group swimmers (n =11 girls: 10.0 ± 1.3 years and n = 9 boys: 10.5 ± 0.9 years) performed a 25-m all-out swim test (T25) in BREAST and FLY techniques, before and after 47 weeks. Three measures of centrality, transformed into a z-score, were generated: betweenness, closeness, and strength. Data were compared (t-test) and effect sizes were identified with Hedges' g. Large effect sizes were observed for swimming performance improvements in BREAST (32.0 ± 7.5 to 24.5 ± 3.8 s; g = 1.26; Δ = -21.9 %) and FLY (30.3 ± 7.0 to 21.8 ± 3.6 s; g = 1.52; Δ = -26.5 %). Small to moderate effect sizes were observed for anthropometric changes. Moderate effect size was observed for maturity offset changes (-2.0 ± 0.9 to -1.3 ± 1.0; g = 0.73; Δ = 50.9 ± 281 %). Changes in maturity offset, stroke rate (SR), and stroke length for both BREAST and FLY swimming speeds were highlighted by the weight matrix. For betweenness, closeness, and strength, changes in arm span (AS) (BREAST) and stroke length (FLY) were remarkable. The dynamic process of athletic development and the perception of complexity of fluctuations and associations between performance-related variables were underpinned, particularly for simultaneous swimming techniques in age-group swimmers.

A Network Perspective on the Relationship Between Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity and Fundamental Motor Skills in Early Childhood.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and fundamental motor skill (FMS) is inconsistent in early childhood, due to its complex and nonlinear characteristics. This study aimed to analyze the nonlinear relationships between MVPA, FMS, body mass index (BMI), sex, and age in preschoolers. METHODS: This cross-sectional study with preschoolers (n = 204; 4.0 [0.8] y old; 99 boys), provided objective physical activity data, FMS assessments, and BMI. The associations between MVPA, FMS, BMI, sex, and age were explored using the network analysis (RStudio and qgraph). RESULTS: Boys were more motor competent than girls in all FMS skills, while girls were more active than boys during the weekend. Older children were less active than their younger peers during these days. MVPA is weak and differently related to each FMS, and the leap skill emerged with the highest betweenness and strength values in the network. CONCLUSIONS: For the assessed preschoolers, when considering BMI, age, and sex, the relationships between MVPA and FMS are inconsistent, and leap emerged as the main variable. During early childhood, these variables are connected as part of a complex system in which each skill has a dynamic role within the emerging pattern.

Beliefs and attitudes towards child epilepsy: A structural equation model.

PURPOSE: To analyze the possibly influencing factors of the beliefs and attitudes towards childhood epilepsy among users of the Family Health Strategy. METHODS: The participants were 300 users from three units of the Family Health Strategy in one city of northeastern Brazil. This primary health care service has a multidisciplinary team and operates close to the community, seeks to provide comprehensive care with actions to promote health, prevention, recovery, rehabilitation of diseases and frequent injuries in the community. Data were collected through a socioeconomic questionnaire and the Brazilian version of The Epilepsy Beliefs and Attitudes Scale - Adult Version, analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equation analysis. RESULTS: Various associations were significant (p < 0.05), religion positively influences beliefs and attitudes (ß: 1.040; p: 0.044); an increase in educational level negatively influences beliefs and attitudes (ß: -0.723; p: 0.040); being the parent of a child negatively influences beliefs and attitudes (ß: 1.120; p: 0.043), but also positively influences beliefs (ß: -0.244; p: 0.028). CONCLUSION: This research contributed to identifying that having a religion, an increased educational level and being the parent of a child were factors that influence the beliefs and attitudes towards childhood epilepsy, aiming to contribute to a better implementation of actions directed to education in epilepsy.

Quality of Life, BMI, and Physical Activity in Bariatric Surgery Patients: a Structural Equation Model.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to use a structural equation model to clarify how physical activity (PA), sex, and BMI relate to quality of life (QoL) of post-bariatric surgery patients. METHODS: The study had a retrospective cohort design for a convenience sample population of 886 bariatric subjects (38 ± 8.49 years). QoL was assessed using World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF, PA using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and BMI values were calculated. Structural equation analysis was conducted in Mplus. RESULTS: The physical domain presented positive relationships with BMI (p = 0.014) and the very active group and negative with the insufficiently active A and B groups and sex (p < 0.001). The psychological domain presented negative associations with BMI and the very active group and positive with the insufficiently active A group. The social relations domain presented negative associations with BMI (p < 0.009) and the very active group (p < 0.002) and positive with the insufficiently active A (p < 0.007) and B (p < 0.019) groups. The environmental domain was negatively associated with BMI (p < 0.004) and the very active group (p < 0.001) and positively with the insufficiently active B group (p < 0.049) and sex (p < 0.018). CONCLUSION: BMI is a negative predictor of QoL in bariatric patients and this trend was not observed in the physical domain only; also, the very active group was negatively associated with QoL. We believe that distortions in body weight/body size extend to PA, and research is needed to explore the psychological factors underlying the overestimation of the amount of PA performed.

A Network Perspective on the Relationship between Screen Time, Executive Function, and Fundamental Motor Skills among Preschoolers.

The present study aimed to analyze the dynamic and nonlinear association between screen time, executive function (EF), and fundamental motor skills (FMS) in preschoolers, considering sex and body mass index (BMI) from a network perspective. Forty-two preschoolers (24 boys, 3.91 ± 0.77 years old) provided screen time, EF, FMS, and BMI data. EF was measured using the Go/No Go task, and accuracy of Go (sustain attention), reaction time of Go, and accuracy of No Go (inhibitory control) were considered. Relationships between screen time, EF, FMS, sex, and BMI were explored using a network analysis. The emerged network highlights that screen time is intensely associated with the other variables in the network, while the accuracy of Go has the greater connectivity with other nodes in the network (2.27), being the most sensitive to potential intervention changes. Moreover, sex (1.74), screen time (0.93), and accuracy of Go (0.71) showed the greatest closeness. This study showed that in the emerged network, independent of sex, screen exposure affects the accuracy on Go task, and these components affect the variables in the network, as motor abilities and tasks involved in inhibitory control.

Association between the environment for physical activity in public schools and childhood obesity: a view in the light of complex systems / Associação entre ambiente para atividade física em escolas públicas e obesidade infantil: um olhar à luz de sistemas complexos

Abstract This article aims to analyse the relationship between physical activity (PA) environment at schools, sex, age, and obesity in children, using a network approach. This is a cross-sectional study, with 1,200 children (8.1±1.0 years old) from eight public schools in the same municipality. Weight and height measurements were assessed to calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI) and classified as healthier weight or overweight. To assess the PA environment at school, a interview with the school´s manager was conducted. The association between the PA environment at school and obesity was tested using a Network Analysis performed on the Jasp software. Positive associations between BMI and Physical Education classes (0.847), physical education teacher (0.349), break duration (0.564), and indoor sports court (0.662) were observed. Negative associations were seen with sex (-0.212) age (-0.387), extracurricular PA (-0.492), and playground (-0.557). Additionally, the centrality indicators highlighted extracurricular PA (1.789) as the variables with the highest betweenness values, and BMI with the highest closeness (2.239) and strength (1.230) values. Extracurricular PA and the presence of playgrounds in school´s environment are associated with healthier weight in low-income children.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a relação entre ambiente de atividade física (AF) nas escolas, sexo, idade e obesidade em crianças, usando uma abordagem de rede. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 1.200 crianças (8,1±1,0 anos) de oito escolas públicas do mesmo município. Peso e estatura foram avaliadas para cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e classificadas como peso saudável ou sobrepeso. Para avaliar o ambiente de AF na escola, foi aplicado um questionário por meio de entrevista com o gestor da escola. A associação entre o ambiente de AF na escola e a obesidade foi testada por meio Análise de Redes realizada no software Jasp. Foram observadas associações positivas entre o IMC e as aulas de Educação Física (0,847), professor de educação física (0,349), duração do intervalo (0,564) e quadra poliesportiva (0,662). Associações negativas foram observadas com sexo (-0,212), idade (-0,387), AF extracurricular (-0,492) e playground (-0,557). Adicionalmente, os indicadores de centralidade destacaram a AF extracurricular (1,789) como a variável com o maior valor de intermediação, e o IMC com o maior valor de proximidade (2,239) e força (1,230). A AF extracurricular e a presença de playgrounds no ambiente escolar estão associadas a um peso mais saudável em crianças de baixa renda.

Toxicological and pharmacologic effects of farnesol (C15H26O): A descriptive systematic review.

The objective of the present study was to perform a systematic review (SR) composed of preclinical and clinical studies which investigated the toxicological and pharmacologic effects of farnesol [Molecular formula: C15H26O; IUPAC: (3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol]. This SR was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Literature research was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science databases using the descriptor combinations: "farnesol and pharmacological effect" and "farnesol and toxicology". The inclusion criteria used were original articles from preclinical and clinical studies investigating the pharmacological and toxicological effects of farnesol, published between January 1960 and December 2017 which were written in English, Portuguese and Spanish. Primary research identified 414 articles, from which 76 articles were selected for final analysis following the inclusion criteria. After grouping, 51.32 and 22.37% of the articles investigated the antimicrobial and antitumor effect, respectively. Methodological biases have been observed both in pre-clinical studies with non-human animals and in clinical trials, mainly in group allocation and blinding. This SR is the first study developed to compile the studies concerning the pharmacological and toxicological effects of farnesol. This study concludes that farnesol possesses different pharmacological and toxicological features, which permit its use as an active or a coadjuvant drug.

Related-factors of social support for students' physical activity in a network perspective / Fatores relacionados ao suporte social para atividade física de estudantes em uma perspectiva de rede

This study investigates the relationship between social support and moderate to vigorous physical activity, as well as the possible relationships between social support and socioeconomic status, gender and body mass index. Cross-sectional study with a non-randomized sample of 71 students (boys and girls) aged 7 to 12 and their parents or legal guardians. Social support and socioeconomic status were assessed using validated questionnaires. Height and body mass measurements were used for the body mass index equation. Moderate to vigorous physical activity was measured by accelerometers. The associations between all variables were tested by a network analysis. Moderate to vigorous physical activity is negatively correlated with socioeconomic status, body mass index and a question from the social support questionnaire: "How many times in the last week have you watched your child be physically active?". We observed a positive correlation between moderate to vigorous physical activity with gender and a question from the social support questionnaire: "How many times in the last week did you provide transport for your child's physical activity?". Thus, moderate to vigorous physical ac-tivity has a negative correlation with socioeconomic status, body mass index and the variable "parents sometimes observe their child to be physically active", and parents who provide transportation for the child to practice physical activity. In future, it is import to consider the network analysis in the intervention studies to promote adolescents' physical activity

Este estudo investiga a relação entre suporte social e atividade física moderada-vigorosa, bem como as possíveis relações entre suporte social e nível socioeconômico, gênero e índice de massa corporal. Estudo transversal com amostra não randomizada de 71 escolares (meninos e meninas) de 7 a 12 anos e seus pais ou responsáveis. Apoio social e nível socioeconômico foram avaliados por meio de questionários validados. Medidas de altura e massa corporal foram usadas para a equação do índice de massa corporal. Atividade física moderada-vigorosa foi medida por acelerômetros. As associações entre todas as variáveis foram testadas por uma análise de rede. A atividade física moderada a vigorosa está negativamente correlacionada com o nível socioeconômico, índice de massa corporal e uma questão do questionário de apoio social: "Quantas vezes na última semana você observou seu filho ser fisicamente ativo?". Observou-se correlação positiva entre atividade física moderada-vigorosa com o gênero e uma questão do questionário de apoio social: "Quantas vezes na última semana você forneceu transporte para a atividade física de seu filho?". Assim, a atividade física moderada-vigorosa tem correlação negativa com o nível socioeconômico, índice de massa corporal e a variável "os pais às vezes observam que seu filho é fisicamente ativo, e pais que fornecem transporte para a criança praticar atividade física. No futuro, é importante considerar a análise de rede nos estudos de intervenção para promover a atividade física em adolescentes

Fatores associados aos comportamentos ativo e sedentário em adolescentes brasileiros: uma análise de redes / Factors associated with active and sedentary behaviors in Brazilian adolescents: a network analysis

O presente estudo verificou a associação entre variáveis sociodemográficas, características da esco-la, nível de atividade física (AF) e comportamento sedentário (CS) em adolescentes brasileiros. A amostra foi composta por 71.903 adolescentes entre 13 e 16 anos (52,8% meninas), matriculados no último ano do ensino fundamental, em escolas públicas e privadas do Brasil, participantes da terceira edição da Pesquisa Nacional da Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE). As informações foram recolhidas através de questionário. O tempo de AF na aula de Educação Física e extra aula de Educação Física, o tempo em deslocamento ativo e o tempo em CS foram associados às variáveis sociodemográficas (tipo de município, local da escola, escolaridade da mãe, percepção de insegurança, idade e sexo) e características da escola (tipo de escola e quadra disponível para uso). Utilizou-se a análise de rede. Quanto ao comportamento ativo, a topologia de rede mostrou que os meninos são mais ativos do que as meninas, principalmente na AF extra aula de Educação Física. Além disso, os resultados revelaram um maior tempo de AF na aula de Educação Física para os meninos, estudantes cujas mães apresentavam maior escolaridade, matriculados em escolas privadas e com quadra disponível para uso. Os estudantes matriculados em escolas públicas apresentaram maior tempo de AF em deslocamento ativo. Quanto ao CS, jovens do contexto urbano apresentaram maior exposição quando comparados aos pares do contexto rural. Conclui-se que as características sociodemográficas e da escola estão relacionadas com os comportamentos dos adolescentes brasileiros em todos os domínios da AF e no CS

The present study aimed to verify the association of sociodemographic correlates and school characteristics with levels of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) of Brazilian adolescents. The sample consisted of 71,903 adolescents between 13 and 16 years old (52.8% girls), enrolled in the last year in public and pri-vate elementary schools of Brazil, participants of the third edition of the National Survey of School Health (PeNSE). The time of PA in Physical Education class and extra Physical Education class, time in active commuting and time in SB were related to sociodemographic variables (type of municipality, place where the school is located, mother's schooling, perception of insecurity, age and gender) and school characteristics (type of school, block available for use). Data were analyzed using network analysis. The network topology showed that boys are more active than girls, especially in extra Physical Education`s PA. In addition, boys, students whose mothers have higher education, enrolled in private schools, which have a court available for use, have a positive association with longer time spent in PA in physical education classes. Students enrolled in public schools had a positive association with time spent in active commuting PA. As for SB, young people from the urban context are more exposed to SB than rural context. It was concluded that sociodemographic correlates and characteristics of the school were associated with all domains of the physical activity and sedentary behavior

Affordances in the home environment for motor development: Validity and reliability for the use in daycare setting.

The range of stimuli provided by physical space, toys and care practices contributes to the motor, cognitive and social development of children. However, assessing the quality of child education environments is a challenge, and can be considered a health promotion initiative. This study investigated the validity of the criterion, content, construct and reliability of the Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development - Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS), version 3-18 months, for the use in daycare settings. Content validation was conducted with the participation of seven motor development and health care experts; and, face validity by 20 specialists in health and education. The results indicate the suitability of the adapted AHEMD-IS, evidencing its validity for the daycare setting a potential tool to assess the opportunities that the collective context offers to child development.

Psychometric Evidence of the Coping Inventory for Brazilian Paralympic Athletes in Competition Situations / Evidências Psicométricas do Inventário de Coping para Atletas Paralímpicos Brasileiros em Situação de Competição / Evidencias Psicométricas del Inventario de Afrontamiento para Atletas Paralímpicos Brasileños en Situación de Competición

Abstract Paralympic athletes face stressful situations in sports competitions daily, and assessing how they cope with these situations is important. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Coping Inventory for Brazilian Paralympic Athletes in Competition Situations. This study included 531 Brazilian Paralympic athletes aged 18 years or older, of both sexes, living in different Brazilian regions. They competed nationally or internationally and had physical or visual disabilities. Athletes with cerebral palsy were excluded. The participants answered a data questionnaire and the coping inventory. A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a 12-theoretical dimension structure: six adaptive (Self-Reliance, Support-Seeking, Problem-Solving, Information-Seeking, Accommodation, Negotiation) and six maladaptive dimensions (Delegation, Social Isolation, Helplessness, Escape, Submission, and Opposition). Reliability indexes ranged between 0.60 and 0.94. The conclusion is that the instrument is reliable for assessing coping strategies among Brazilian Paralympic athletes.

Resumo Atletas paralímpicos lidam diariamente com situações estressantes na competição, sendo importante avaliar como as enfrentam. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do Inventário de Coping para Atletas Paralímpicos Brasileiros em Situação de Competição. Participaram 531 atletas paralímpicos brasileiros, a partir de 18 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, residentes em diferentes regiões do Brasil. Competiam em nível nacional e internacional e apresentavam deficiência física e visual. Foram excluídos atletas com paralisia cerebral. Participantes responderam a um questionário de dados e ao inventário de coping. A análise fatorial confirmou a estrutura de 12 dimensões teóricas, sendo seis adaptativas (Autoconfiança, Busca de Suporte, Resolução de Problemas, Busca de Informações, Acomodação, Negociação) e seis mal-adaptativas (Delegação, Isolamento, Desamparo, Fuga, Submissão e Oposição). Os índices de fidedignidade para as dimensões variaram entre 0,60 e 0,94. Conclui-se que o instrumento é confiável para avaliar as estratégias de coping de atletas paralímpicos brasileiros.

Resumen Los deportistas paralímpicos se enfrentan a diario a situaciones estresantes en competición, y es importante evaluar cómo las afrontan. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Afrontamiento para Atletas Paralímpicos Brasileños en Situación de Competición. El estudio incluyó a 531 atletas paralímpicos brasileños, mayores de 18 años, de ambos os sexos, residentes en diferentes regiones de Brasil. Competían a nivel nacional e internacional y presentaban deficiencias físicas y visuales. Respondieron un cuestionario de datos y el inventario de afrontamiento. Se excluyeron los deportistas con parálisis cerebral. El análisis factorial confirmó la estructura de 12 dimensiones teóricas, siendo seis adaptativas (Autosuficiencia, Búsqueda de apoyo, Resolución de problemas, Búsqueda de información, Acomodación, Negociación) y seis desadaptativas (Delegación, Aislamiento social, Desamparo, Escape, Sumisión y Oposición). La confiabilidad varió entre 0,60 y 0,94. Se concluye que el instrumento es confiable para evaluar estrategias de afrontamiento en atletas paralímpicos brasileños.

Effects of a randomized controlled study on the behaviors of overweight schoolchildren / Efeitos de um estudo controlado randomizado sobre os comportamentos de escolares sobrepesados

This study aimed to determine the effects of a school-based multi-component intervention on accel-erometer-measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in schoolchildren overweight. This is a randomized controlled study with overweight schoolchildren, allocated to experimental group (EG; n = 13; 7.6 ± 0.8 years; 42.9% boys) and control group (CG; n = 17; 8.2 ± 0.9 years; 26.7% boys). The EG was submitted to a 10-week school-based intervention, comprised of PA and psychological sessions (behavioral therapy), and nutritional guidance. The CG followed the daily routine of life. The time of PA and SB were measured using accelerometers used for seven days. To compare mean SB, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and total physical activity (TPA), generalized estimation equations (GEE) were used. It was observed thatthe average time in MVPA and TPA increased significantly in EG at the weekend (+ 40.9 min / day, p < 0.001; and + 51.6 min /day, p = 0.035, respectively) and at full week (+ 62.9 min/day, p < 0.001; and + 225.0 9 min/day, p = 0.038, respectively). There was no significant difference in time spent in SB after the intervention in both groups. Thus, it was concluded that the proposed school-based multicomponent intervention was effective in increasing levels of MVPA and TPA in overweight schoolchildren. This finding can optimize future interventions to promote a healthy lifestyle for schoolchildren in the school environment

Este estudo objetivou analisar o efeito de uma intervenção multicomponente de base-escolar sobre os níveis de atividade física (AF) e comportamento sedentário (CS) mensurados por acelerômetro, de escolares com sobrepeso. Trata-se de um estudo controlado randomizado com escolares sobrepesados alocadas em grupo ex-perimental (GE; n = 13; 7,6 ± 0,8 anos; 42,9% meninos) e grupo controle (GC; n = 17; 8,2 ± 0,9 anos; 26,7% meninos). O GE foi submetido a uma intervenção escolar de 10 semanas, composta por sessões de AF e psicológica (terapia comportamental) e orientação nutricional. O GC seguiu a rotina diária de vida. O tempo de AF e o CS foram medidos por meio de acelerômetros, utilizados durante sete dias. Para comparar o tempo médio de CS, atividade física moderada a vigorosa (AFMV ) e atividade física total (AFT), foram utilizadas equações de estimativa generalizadas (GEE). Observou-se queo tempo médio em AFMV e AFT aumentaram significativamente no GE no fim de semana (+ 40,9 min / dia, p < 0,001; e + 51,6 min / dia, p = 0,035, respectivamente) e na semana inteira (+ 62,9 min / dia, p < 0,001; e + 225,0 min/dia, p = 0,038, respectivamente). Não houve diferença significativa no tempo gasto em CS após a intervenção em ambos os grupos. Assim, conclui-se que uma intervenção multicomponente de base escolar proposta foi eficaz no aumento dos níveis de AFMV e AFT em escolares com sobrepeso. Esse achado pode otimizar futuras intervenções em promover um estilo de vida saudável de crianças no âmbito escolar