RESUMEN
To overcome the limitation of the currently adopted direct method to detect recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEpo) abuse in sport, indirect analysis of blood parameters are increasingly used as part of the anti-doping strategies. The aim of the present work is to identify whether immunophenotype modifications on erythroid cells may be indicative of previous rHuEPO administration. The study was conducted on dialyzed patients under treatment with rHuEPO (DPT). Dialyzed patients without rHuEPO therapy (DP) and volunteer donors (H) were used as controls. The analysis of erythroid cells immunophenotype, performed using a multiparametric flow cytometry technique, showed a peculiar pattern of CD71 expression following rHuEPO treatment. In particular CD71 showed an increased expression in mature and intermediate reticulocytes and a surprisingly decreased expression in immature reticulocytes. In conclusion, the analysis of reticulocyte maturation stages with TO/CD71 double staining may be considered as a valid alternative indirect method for the detection of rHuEPO abuse.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Doping en los Deportes , Eritropoyetina/farmacología , Receptores de Transferrina/metabolismo , Reticulocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Detección de Abuso de Sustancias/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Benzotiazoles/química , Biomarcadores/sangre , Eritropoyesis/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Quinolinas/química , Proteínas Recombinantes , Reticulocitos/citología , Reticulocitos/metabolismoRESUMEN
The long-term success of restoring the lower incisor implant is partially dependent on retrievability of all components down to the implant. Because this implant is usually placed vertically or buccally in the bone, the ability to achieve esthetics without seeing the screw access hole becomes critical. The emergence profile of the crown overlying the implant fixture ultimately dictates the esthetics. The single crown can also become loose during function and, therefore, antirotation of the abutment is imperative. The Octa-Hex Implant Restoration System presents an alternative method of achieving gingival seal with a titanium-alloy connector to the implant, emergence profile with a custom-fabricated casting on this connector, antirotation from intimate contact with implant indexing, and retrievability by a fixation screw and cementation. With the lower incisor, this system offers retrievability without the screw access hole affecting esthetics.