Efficient Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of Tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) with N-Hydroxysulfosuccinimide as a Coreactant for Selective and Sensitive Detection of l-Proline and Mercury(II).

Developing rapid, specific, and low-cost electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) systems remains a compelling goal for many applications including environmental analysis, clinical diagnostics, and food safety. In this study, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) esters, especially N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (NHSS), was exploited for the first time as an efficient coreactant for anodic Ru(bpy)32+ ECL in neutral medium. Among the three tested NHS esters (NHS, NHSS, NHPI), the NHSS exhibited much higher ECL intensity and stability than the sulfonate-free esters, suggesting the essential role of both the N-hydroxy (NOH) and sulfonate (SO3H) moieties in the developed Ru(bpy)32+ ECL system. The ECL generation process is rather straightforward, not requiring time-consuming fabrication/modification steps of electrodes. The anodic Ru(bpy)32+-NHSS system achieved ECL detections with high selectivity and sensitivity toward l-proline (LOD = 50 nM) and Hg2+ (LOD = 10 nM), with a linear range of 0.5-200 µM and 0.1-25 µM, respectively. The method showed good recoveries (95.2-104.8%) for l-proline and Hg2+ detection in real samples. This study is a successful step toward the development of new coreactants and may open new avenues for the applications of N-hydroxy compounds in ECL sensing.

Lucigenin-Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine Chemiluminescence for Selective and Sensitive Detection of TCEP, Superoxide Dismutase, Mercury(II), and Dopamine.

Development of simple and effective chemiluminescence (CL) systems for multiple sensing applications is significantly important but still a challenge. Until now, the majority of CL systems primarily utilized hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as coreactant, which is limited in its stability and selectivity due to the easy decomposition of H2O2 in the presence of several ions. In this study, we develop a new and intense CL system by combined use of tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), a highly solution stable and pH-tolerant tertiary phosphine, with lucigenin for the first time. The effective pairing leads to a significant ∼23 times CL enhancement over classic the lucigenin-H2O2 system without employing additional catalysts. By virtue of this fascinating platform, a sensitive CL method has been developed for the multiple detection of TCEP (LOD = 70 nM), lucigenin (LOD = 4.0 nM), superoxide dismutase (LOD = 0.8 ng/mL), Hg2+(LOD = 0.3 nM), and dopamine (LOD = 3.0 nM), with a linear range of 0.1-320 µM, 0.01-55 µM, 0.005-0.5 µg/mL, 1.0-600 nM, and 0.01-0.8 µM, respectively. Remarkably, this CL method exhibited superior selectivity over several potential interferents. Moreover, the proposed method achieved excellent recoveries in the range of 94.0-102.3% for both Hg2+ detection in lake water and dopamine detection in human serum real samples. We envision that broad applications of TCEP may lead to construct new CL systems, pushing forward for efficient detection of various analytes.

An efficient approach to study multi-polar fuzzy ideals of semirings.

The multi polar fuzzy (m-PF) set has an extensive range of implementations in real world problems related to the multi-polar information, multi-index and multi-attributes data. This paper introduces innovative extensions to algebraic structures. We present the definitions and some important results of m-polar fuzzy subsemirings (m-PFSSs), m-polar fuzzy ideals (m-PFIs), m-polar fuzzy generalized bi-ideals (m-PFGBIs), m-polar fuzzy bi-ideals (m-PFBIs) and m-polar fuzzy quasi-ideals (m-PFQIs) in semirings. The main contributions of the paper include the derivation and proof of key theorems that shed light on the algebraic interplay and computational aspects of m-polar fuzzy ideals (m-PFIs), m-polar fuzzy generalized bi-ideals (m-PFGBIs), m-polar fuzzy bi-ideals (m-PFBIs) and m-polar fuzzy quasi-ideals (m-PFQIs) in semirings along with examples. Moreover, this paper deals with several important properties of m-PFIs and characterizes regular and intra-regular semirings by the properties of these ideals.

Generalized roughness of three dimensional ( ∈ , ∈ ∨ q )-fuzzy ideals in terms of set-valued homomorphism.

The objective of this study is to generalize the roughness of a fuzzy set-in three-dimensional structure by introducing ternary multiplication. Many results and theorems of rough fuzzy ideals have been extended from semigroup and semiring, to ternary semiring by introducing the definition of a rough fuzzy subset of ternary semiring. By using the concept of set-valued homomorphism and strong set-valued homomorphism, it is proved generalized lower and upper approximations of ( ∈ , ∈ ∨ q ) -fuzzy ideals (semiprime and prime ideals) of ternary semirings are ( ∈ , ∈ ∨ q ) -fuzzy ideals (semiprime and prime ideals) respectively.

Acridine orange as a coreactant for efficient electrogenerated chemiluminescence of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(ii) and its use in selective and sensitive detection of thiourea.

A new and efficient anodic Ru(bpy)32+ ECL system by using acridine orange (3,6-Bis(dimethylamino)acridine, AO) as a coreactant was reported in a neutral medium. The developed Ru(bpy)32+-AO system displayed a higher ECL intensity than that of the classic Ru(bpy)32+- oxalate ECL system, and was further exploited for the ECL detection of thiourea for the first time.

High-efficiency cathodic electrochemiluminescence of the tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(ii)/N-hydroxy compound system and its use for sensitive "turn-on" detection of mercury(ii) and methyl blue.

N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (NHSS) were exploited as efficient coreactants for cathodic Ru(bpy)32+ electrochemiluminescence (ECL) in neutral medium. The developed systems showed stronger ECL signals than that of the classic Ru(bpy)32+-H2O2 system and have been exploited for sensitive "turn-on" type ECL detections of methyl blue and Hg2+.

Pneumococcal purpura fulminans successfully treated with activated protein C.

Evidence suggests that sepsis is a systemic inflammatory condition complicated by dysequilibrium in coagulation and fibrinolytic homeostasis, with a shift in the balance towards increased coagulation over fibrinolysis. Protein C is a natural anticoagulant consumed and inactivated during sepsis. We present the case of a 33-year-old female, postsplenectomy, with pneumococcal sepsis and purpura fulminans, successfully treated with activated protein C.

Osteoporosis screening: factors associated with bone mineral density testing of older women.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a major public health problem. Guidelines recommend osteoporosis screening, primarily with bone mineral density (BMD) testing, of all women aged > or =65 and younger women at increased risk. However, BMD testing is underused, and osteoporosis screening practices are not in compliance with guidelines. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of 809 women patients > or =65 years. The proportion of patients having evidence of BMD testing and factors associated with BMD testing were evaluated. RESULTS: The overall proportion of patients having evidence of BMD testing was 42.9%. A higher proportion of patients from the gynecology practice (72%) had evidence of BMD testing compared with family medicine (42%), general internal medicine (36%), and the Veterans Administration practice (30%) (p < 0.0001). The proportion of patients with evidence of BMD testing was higher in patients seen by faculty (48%) than in patients seen by midlevel providers (35%) or residents (21%) (p < 0.0001) and was higher in patients of female providers (54%) than in patients of male providers (31%) (p < 0.0001). Negative associations with BMD testing were seen with increasing age and numbers of medications (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05, respectively). The numbers of visits and numbers of total and unique ICD-9 codes were each negatively associated with BMD testing (p < 0.05, p < 0.005, and p < 0.05, respectively). In patients with commercial insurance, 48% had evidence of BMD testing vs. 25% in the rest of the subjects (p < 0.0001). The proportion of patients with evidence of BMD testing also varied by body mass index (BMI). CONCLUSIONS: Consideration of factors associated with BMD testing may be useful in developing interventions to increase osteoporosis screening rates.