Ezetimibe ameliorates atherogenic lipids profiles, insulin resistance and hepatocyte growth factor in obese patients with hypercholesterolemia.

BACKGROUND: Ezetimibe ameliorates serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and it has been approved for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. However, the effects of ezetimibe on specific biomarkers have not been fully clarified in obese Japanese patients. METHODS: A total of 101 patients (47 males and 54 females) were registered in this study during 2011 and 2012. All patients were over 20 years old, were obese [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m(2)] and had hypercholesterolemia (LDL-c ≥ 120 mg/dl). After excluding 10 subjects (7 who dropped out and 3 with missing data), 91 patients (39 males and 52 females) were analyzed. They were treated with 10 mg ezetimibe once a day for 24 weeks and were evaluated at 12 and 24 weeks. RESULTS: Following 12 weeks of ezetimibe therapy, BMI (p < 0.001), waist circumference (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (p < 0.001), LDL-c (p < 0.001), non high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-c] (p < 0.001), triglycerides (p < 0.05) and remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-c; p < 0.001) were significantly decreased. Following 24 weeks of ezetimibe therapy, BMI (p < 0.05), waist circumference (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (p < 0.001), LDL-c (p < 0.001), non HDL-c (p < 0.001), triglycerides (p < 0.05), RLP-c (p < 0.001), insulin (p < 0.05) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF; p < 0.05) were significantly decreased. In contrast, HDL-c (p < 0.001) was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: Ezetimibe ameliorated not only atherogenic lipid profiles but also anthropometric factors, insulin resistance and biomarkers such as HGF. Ezetimibe may have pleiotropic effects on obese patients with hypercholesterolemia.

Beneficial cardiometabolic actions of telmisartan plus amlodipine therapy in elderly patients with poorly controlled hypertension.

BACKGROUND: There is a growing body of evidence that blood pressure (BP) level is one of the major determinants of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in individuals, including elderly people. However, to achieve a target BP level in the elderly is more difficult compared with patients aged <65 years. Current guidelines recommend combination drug therapy with different modes of action for the treatment of elderly patients with moderate hypertension (HT). However, the optimal combination regimen is not well established in elderly HT. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that combination therapy of telmisartan plus amlodipine would exert favorable cardiometabolic actions in elderly HT. METHODS: Seventeen elderly patients with essential HT who failed to achieve a target home BP level with treatment of 5 mg amlodipine plus 80 mg valsartan or 8 mg candesartan for at least 2 months were enrolled. Then the patients were assigned to replace their valsartan or candesartan with 40 mg telmisartan. The subjects were instructed to measure their own BP at home every day during the study periods. RESULTS: Replacement of valsartan or candesartan by telmisartan in amlodipine-treated elderly hypertensive patients showed a significant reduction in morning home systolic BP and evening home systolic and diastolic BP at 12 weeks. Switching to telmisartan significantly increased serum adiponectin level. CONCLUSIONS: Our present study suggests that combination therapy with telmisartan plus amlodipine may exert more beneficial cardiometabolic effects in elderly patients with HT compared with valsartan or candesartan plus amlodipine treatment.

Efficacy of combination therapy with telmisartan plus amlodipine in patients with poorly controlled hypertension.

There is accumulating evidence that blood pressure (BP) control significantly reduces the risk of future cardiovascular events in patients with essential hypertension. However, strict BP control is often difficult to maintain, and half of hypertensive patients fail to attain BP goals on single-drug therapy. Therefore, current guidelines recommend combinations of drugs that have complimentary mode of actions for treatment of patients with moderate hypertension. In this study, we examined in hypertensive patients uncontrolled by the combination treatment with 5 mg amlodipine plus 80 mg valsartan or 8 mg candesartan whether additional BP lowering could be achieved by switching to 5 mg amlodipine plus 40 mg telmisartan. Forty-seven patients with essential hypertension who failed to achieve a target BP level by the treatment of 5 mg amlodipine plus 80 mg valsartan or 8 mg candesartan for at least 2 months were enrolled. Replacement of valsartan or candesartan by telmisartan showed a significant reduction in both mean clinic systolic and diastolic BP at 4, 8 and 12 weeks; BP level decreased from 143.7/82.3 mmHg at baseline to 135.4/77.5 mmHg at 12 weeks. Furthermore, in 8 patients of valsartan group, switching to telmisartan significantly reduced central BP by 11.8 mmHg. Our present study suggests that combination therapy with telmisartan plus amlodipine may be more beneficial than valsartan or candesartan plus amlodipine treatment for controlling brachial and central BP, which could lead to more favorable cardiovascular outcomes with this drug combinations.