Pediatric thoracic and abdominal trauma.

Thoracic and abdominal injuries in children are commonly the result of blunt trauma, making their diagnosis difficult. Unidentified injuries can cause significant morbidity and mortality and must be identified early. Understanding the anatomic and physiologic differences between children and adults is important to adequately manage children with these injuries. The following review provides salient points in the recognition and management of both thoracic and abdominal injuries in children from blunt trauma.

Rectal duplication cyst in adults treated with transanal endoscopic microsurgery.

Rectal duplication cyst is a rare entity that accounts for approximately 4% of all alimentary tract duplications. To the best of our knowledge, the presented cases are the first reports in the English literature of rectal duplication cyst resection by transanal endoscopic microsurgery. We present two patients; both are 41-year-old women with a palpable rectal mass. Workup revealed a submucosal posterior mass that was then resected by transanal endoscopic microsurgery. The pathology report described cystic lesions with squamous and columnar epithelium and segments of smooth muscle. These findings were compatible with rectal duplication cyst. Our limited experience showed good results with minimal morbidity and mortality for resection of rectal duplication cysts of limited size with no evidence of malignancy.

Rapid Cancer Diagnosis and Early Prognosis of Metastatic Risk Based on Mechanical Invasiveness of Sampled Cells.

We provide an innovative, bioengineering, mechanobiology-based approach to rapidly (2-h) establish the in vivo metastatic likelihood of patient tumor-samples, where results are in direct agreement with clinical histopathology and patient outcomes. Cancer-related mortality is mostly due to local recurrence or to metastatic disease, thus early prediction of tumor-cell-fate may critically affect treatment protocols and survival rates. Metastasis and recurrence risks are currently predicted by lymph-node status, tumor size, histopathology and genetic testing, however, these are not infallible and results may require days/weeks. We have previously observed that subpopulations of invasive cancer-cells will rapidly (1-2 h) push into the surface of physiological-stiffness, synthetic polyacrylamide gels, reaching to cell-scale depths, while normal or noninvasive cells do not considerably indent gels. Here, we evaluate the mechanical invasiveness of established breast and pancreatic cell lines and of tumor-cells from fresh, suspected pancreatic cancer tumors. The mechanical invasiveness matches the in vitro metastatic potential in cell lines as determined with Boyden chamber assays. Moreover, the mechanical invasiveness directly agrees with the clinical histopathology in primary-site, pancreatic-tumors. Thus, the rapid, patient-specific, early prediction of metastatic likelihood, on the time-scale of initial resection/biopsy, can directly affect disease management and treatment protocols.

Erratum to: The management of intra-abdominal infections from a global perspective: 2017 WSES guidelines for management of intra-abdominal infections.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13017-017-0141-6.].