Prevalence and factors associated with no intention to exclusively breastfeed for the first 6 months of life

Abstract Objective: To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with no intention to exclusively breastfeed for the first 6 months of life in a sample of women in the first 24 h postpartum during the hospital stay. Methods: Cross-sectional study with data from screening phase of a birth cohort. The proportion of mothers who did not intend to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months (primary outcome) derived from a negative response to the question "Would you be willing to try to breastfeed exclusively for the first 6 months?", in an interview conducted by previously trained interviewers. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals were obtained by Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: A total of 2964 postpartum women were interviewed. The overall prevalence of mothers who did not intend to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months was 17.8% (16.4-19.1%). After adjusting for maternal age and type of pregnancy (singleton or multiple), no intention to exclusively breastfeed was higher in mothers with a monthly household income < 3 minimum wages (PR, 1.64; 1.35-1.98) and in those who intended to smoke 4-7 days/week after delivery (PR, 1.42; 1.11-1.83). The presence of significant newborn morbidity (PR, 0.32; 0.19-0.54) and intention to breastfeed up to 12 months (PR, 0.46; 0.38-0.55) had a protective effect against not intending to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months. Conclusions: Approximately 1 in every 5 mothers did not intend to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months. Strategies aimed at promoting exclusive breastfeeding should focus attention on mothers from lower economic strata and smokers.

Efeito de vasoconstritor usado em anestesia local sobre pressäo arterial sistêmica e freqüência cardíaca durante o atendimento odontológico / Effect of vasoconstrictor in local anesthesia on blood pressure and heart rate during dental management

O efeito da associaçäo de lidocaína a 2 por cento e norepinefrina 1:50.000 sobre a pressäo arterial sistêmica e a freqüência cardíaca de 68 indivíduos adultos atendidos em ambulatórios odontológicos foi avaliado por meio de um estudo de corte. Os parâmetros cardiovasculares foram medidos no início do atendimento (medida basal), dois minutos após a anestesia e ao final da consulta, sob condiçöes padronizadas. Pressäo arterial sistêmica e freqüência cardíaca näo variaram significativamente em indivíduos com níveis pressóricos pré-anestesia elevados ou anormais, quando foram utlizados um ou dois tubetes anestésicos e mediante diferentes procedimentos odontológicos. No decorrer do tempo, a freqüência cardíaca variou mais do que a pressäo arterial, porém todos os valores médios aferidos ficaram dentro de limites da normalidade. Nas condiçöes do presente estudo, a administraçäo dessa associaçäo anestésica näo determinou alteraçöes nos parâmetros cardiovasculares investigados