RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: ICIs have expanded treatment options for HNSCC. A minority of the patients respond to these expensive treatments. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a single institutional retrospective review on 121 unresectable or metastatic HNSCC patients treated with ICIs. We predicted that inflammatory markers available through routine blood work, in addition to clinical characteristics may divide patients into groups more or less likely to respond to these agents. Here we develop and internally validate our nomogram to predict survival in patients treated with ICIs.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/uso terapéutico , Terapia Molecular Dirigida , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/mortalidad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/farmacología , Proteínas de Punto de Control Inmunitario/genética , Proteínas de Punto de Control Inmunitario/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Terapia Molecular Dirigida/efectos adversos , Terapia Molecular Dirigida/métodos , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Estudios Retrospectivos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/etiología , Tasa de Supervivencia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Blue green microalgae have been identified as one of the promising groups of organism from which biochemically active natural products have been isolated. Aqueous and organic extracts of nine blue green microalgae strains were screened against in vitro generated vancomycin intermediate resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) strains. Aqueous extracts of all the blue green microalgae cultures were found to be inactive, while all the organic (hexane, chloroform and methanolic) extracts of Anabaena virabilis and Anabaena sp. showed activity against VISA strains with MIC of 32-64 mug/ml.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Cianobacterias/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Compuestos Orgánicos/química , Resistencia a la VancomicinaRESUMEN
Adhesion to biomaterial is assumed to be a crucial step in the pathogenesis of foreign body infection. Slime producing Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus have emerged as a preeminent cause of nosocomial bacteremia and infections of prosthetic medical devices. We evaluated the time-dependent anti-adhesive effect of RBx 7644 (ranbezolid), vancomycin, linezolid and quinupristin/ dalfopristin on two isolates each of S. epidermidis and S. aureus. Linezolid and quinupristin/ dalfopristin showed inhibition only at supra-inhibitory concentrations (2 and 4X MIC) following 2 and 4 h delayed treatment, whereas RBx 7644 demonstrated significant activity against adhesion of staphylococcal cells that had been treated with 2 to 6 h delay. When vancomycin treatment was delayed by 4 to 6 h, even concentrations above the MIC were unable to prevent adherence. This study indicates that RBx 7644 has anti-adhesion potential and may emerge as an important antibiotic for prevention and treatment of device-related infections caused by staphylococci.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Furanos/farmacología , Oxazoles/farmacología , Plásticos , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus epidermidis/efectos de los fármacos , Acetamidas/farmacología , Adhesión Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Linezolid , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Oxazolidinonas/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Staphylococcus epidermidis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Factores de Tiempo , Vancomicina/farmacología , Virginiamicina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to investigate screening methodologies, to detect Staphylococcus aureus strains with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin. Three methods were used to screen 160 Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates along with ATCC quality control strains. Subsequently, MIC of all these 160 strains were determined by NCCLS methodology. The MIC of all the 160 clinical isolates was < or = 4 microg/mL and were classified as vancomycin susceptible by NCCLS criteria but 23 strains were positive by Hiramatshu method, two grew on MHA (5 microg/mL vancomycin) while CDC method correctly identified no vancomycin intermediate S.aureus (VISA) or vancomycin resistant S.aureus (VRSA) strains with reference to there MIC. CDC method was found to be the most appropriate screening methodology for detection of VISA or VRSA for diagnostic laboratories.