RESUMEN
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease that involves progressive accumulation of nonfunctioning lymphocytes and has a low cure rate. There is an urgent requirement to determine the molecular mechanism underlying this disease in order to improve the early diagnosis and treatment of CLL. In this study, genes differentially expressed between CLL samples and age-matched controls were identified using microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA expression profiles. Differentially expressed (DE) miRNA targets were predicted by combining five algorithms. Common genes were obtained on overlapping the DE mRNA and DE miRNA targets. Then, network and module analyses were performed. A total of 239 miRNA targets were predicted and 357 DE mRNAs were obtained. On intersecting miRNA targets and DE mRNAs, 33 common genes were obtained. The protein-protein interaction network and module analysis identified several crucial genes and modules that might be associated with the development of CLL. These DE mRNAs were significantly enriched in the hematopoietic cell lineage (P = 2.58E-4), mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway (P = 0.0025), and leukocyte transendothelial migration pathway (P = 0.0026). Thus, we conducted biological analysis on integration of DE mRNAs and DE miRNAs in CLL, determined gene expression patterns, and screened out several important genes that might be related to CLL.
Asunto(s)
Regulación Leucémica de la Expresión Génica , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/genética , MicroARNs/genética , ARN Mensajero/genética , Algoritmos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Linaje de la Célula/genética , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/metabolismo , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/patología , Humanos , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/metabolismo , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/patología , Linfocitos/metabolismo , Linfocitos/patología , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/genética , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Mapeo de Interacción de Proteínas , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Migración Transendotelial y Transepitelial/genéticaRESUMEN
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) as an important population of immune cells were found to restrain T cell function, polarize T-helper cells (Th) 1/Th2 toward Th2 response and induce regulatory T cells (Tregs), therefore enhancing the immunotolerance during pregnancy. Sildenafil has been applied for poor endometrial quality in implantation failure patients. Nevertheless, investigations have shown that sildenafil could reduce MDSCs-dependent immunosuppression. Whether sildenafil affects embryo implantation by suppressing MDSCs? To address this question, using the mice model, we investigated the amounts of immune cells in peripheral blood and endometrial cells from control group (CG), sildenafil low-dose group (LDG) and high-dose group (HDG). We found that both treatment groups displayed a marked deficiency in polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSCs and Th2 from mice blood and endometrium as compared to these from CG. The frequency of Tregs in endometrium from HDG was lower than those from CG. Th1/Th2 ratio in both periphery and uterus from study groups showed a significant increase as compared to those from CG. By relevance analysis, we found that the level of Tregs positively correlated with the level of PMN-MDSCs, whereas the Th1/Th2 ratio negatively correlated with the frequency of PMN-MDSCs in uterus. Moreover, there was a positive relationship between the amount of blood PMN-MDSCs and endometrial PMN-MDSCs. These results suggest that we should carefully weigh the pros and cons of using sildenafil when applied to patients with poor endometrial receptivity.
Asunto(s)
Implantación del Embrión/efectos de los fármacos , Fertilización In Vitro/métodos , Tolerancia Inmunológica/efectos de los fármacos , Células Supresoras de Origen Mieloide/inmunología , Citrato de Sildenafil/efectos adversos , Animales , Implantación del Embrión/inmunología , Endometrio/efectos de los fármacos , Endometrio/inmunología , Femenino , Ratones , Modelos Animales , Células Supresoras de Origen Mieloide/efectos de los fármacos , Embarazo , Citrato de Sildenafil/administración & dosificación , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Células TH1/inmunología , Células Th2/inmunologíaRESUMEN
In this article, the effects of sugars and amino acids on furan formation via the Maillard reaction in low-moisture model systems were investigated. Glucose and alanine are important furan precursors, and the effects of the heating temperature, heating time, and molar ratio of glucose to alanine on furan formation were studied in glucose/alanine model system by response surface methodology. The heating temperature greatly affected furan formation. The maximum furan concentration was obtained with a glucose-to-alanine molar ratio of 0.83:1.00, by heating at 151 °C for 41 min. Tea polyphenols effectively inhibited furan formation in the glucose/alanine model and a canned coffee model. A high inhibition rate of 42.4% ± 1.5% was obtained in the canned coffee model during sterilization procedure with addition of 84 mg (the mass fraction is 12.1%) of tea polyphenols (99%). However, the content of aromatic components in the canned coffee model was significantly reduced at the same time. This study provides evidence for a good furan inhibitor that can be used in food processing.