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1.
J Chem Ecol ; 44(11): 1030-1039, 2018 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30084041

RESUMEN

Foraging parasitoids use chemical signals in host recognition and selection processes. Although, the volatiles play a relevant role in the localization by parasitoids of their hosts feeding on plants, the host identification process for acceptance occurs mainly during contact between the parasitoid and its host where host products related to feeding activities, fecal pellets and oral secretions, play a crucial role. The purpose of this study was to identify the nature of the contact kairomone(s) that mediate the acceptance for oviposition of the parasitoid Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), which was released in Kenya in 1993 to control the invasive crambid Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Using host and non-hosts of C. flavipes, we showed that it is mainly the oral secretions of the larvae that harbour the active compound(s) that mediate host acceptance for oviposition by C. flavipes. Using an integration of behavioral observations and biochemical approaches, the active compound of the oral secretions was identified as an α-amylase. Using synthetized α-amylases from Drosophila melanogaster (an insect model for which syntheses of active and inactive α-amylases are available), we observed that the conformation of the enzyme rather than its catalytic site as well as its substrate and its degradation product is responsible for host acceptance and oviposition mediation of C. flavipes females. The results suggest that the α-amylase from oral secretions of the caterpillar host is a good candidate for an evolutionary solution to host acceptance for oviposition in C. flavipes.


Asunto(s)
Avispas/fisiología , Zea mays/parasitología , alfa-Amilasas/metabolismo , Animales , Antenas de Artrópodos/efectos de los fármacos , Antenas de Artrópodos/fisiología , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos , Proteínas de Insectos/análisis , Proteínas de Insectos/metabolismo , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Larva/fisiología , Oviposición , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Avispas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Zea mays/metabolismo , alfa-Amilasas/farmacología
2.
Genome Biol Evol ; 11(8): 2203-2207, 2019 08 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31364706

RESUMEN

The maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca, is an important Lepidopteran pest of cereal crops in Central, East, and Southern Africa. Crop losses due to B. fusca feeding activity vary by region, but can result in total crop loss in areas with high levels of infestation. Genomic resources provide critical insight into the biology of pest species and can allow for the development of effective management tools and strategies to mitigate their impact on agriculture. To this end, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the genome of B. fusca. The total assembled genome size was 492.9 Mb with 19,417 annotated protein-coding genes. Using a comparative approach, we identified a putative expansion in the Chorion gene family, which is involved in the formation of the egg shell structure. Our analysis revealed high repeat content within the B. fusca genome, with LTR sequences comprising the majority of the repetitive sequence. We hope genomic resources will provide a foundation for future work aimed at developing an integrated pest management strategy to reduce B. fusca's impact on food security.


Asunto(s)
Genoma de los Insectos , Genómica/métodos , Proteínas de Insectos/genética , Mariposas Nocturnas/genética , Animales , Productos Agrícolas , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Herbivoria , Transcriptoma , Zea mays
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