Interdisciplinary consensus statements on imaging of DRUJ instability and TFCC injuries.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this agreement was to establish evidence-based consensus statements on imaging of distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability and triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injuries by an expert group using the Delphi technique. METHODS: Nineteen hand surgeons developed a preliminary list of questions on DRUJ instability and TFCC injuries. Radiologists created statements based on the literature and the authors' clinical experience. Questions and statements were revised during three iterative Delphi rounds. Delphi panelists consisted of twenty-seven musculoskeletal radiologists. The panelists scored their degree of agreement to each statement on an 11-item numeric scale. Scores of "0," "5," and "10" reflected complete disagreement, indeterminate agreement, and complete agreement, respectively. Group consensus was defined as a score of "8" or higher for 80% or more of the panelists. RESULTS: Three of fourteen statements achieved group consensus in the first Delphi round and ten statements achieved group consensus in the second Delphi round. The third and final Delphi round was limited to the one question that did not achieve group consensus in the previous rounds. CONCLUSIONS: Delphi-based agreements suggest that CT with static axial slices in neutral rotation, pronation, and supination is the most useful and accurate imaging technique for the work-up of DRUJ instability. MRI is the most valuable technique in the diagnosis of TFCC lesions. The main indication for MR arthrography and CT arthrography are Palmer 1B foveal lesions of the TFCC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: MRI is the method of choice for assessing TFCC lesions, with higher accuracy for central than peripheral abnormalities. The main indication for MR arthrography is the evaluation of TFCC foveal insertion lesions and peripheral non-Palmer injuries. KEY POINTS: • Conventional radiography should be the initial imaging technique in the assessment of DRUJ instability. CT with static axial slices in neutral rotation, pronation, and supination is the most accurate method for evaluating DRUJ instability. • MRI is the most useful technique in diagnosing soft-tissue injuries causing DRUJ instability, especially TFCC lesions. • The main indications for MR arthrography and CT arthrography are foveal lesions of the TFCC.

Interdisciplinary consensus statements on imaging of scapholunate joint instability.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this agreement was to establish evidence-based consensus statements on imaging of scapholunate joint (SLJ) instability by an expert group using the Delphi technique. METHODS: Nineteen hand surgeons developed a preliminary list of questions on SLJ instability. Radiologists created statements based on the literature and the authors' clinical experience. Questions and statements were revised during three iterative Delphi rounds. Delphi panellists consisted of twenty-seven musculoskeletal radiologists. The panellists scored their degree of agreement to each statement on an eleven-item numeric scale. Scores of '0', '5' and '10' reflected complete disagreement, indeterminate agreement and complete agreement, respectively. Group consensus was defined as a score of '8' or higher for 80% or more of the panellists. RESULTS: Ten of fifteen statements achieved group consensus in the second Delphi round. The remaining five statements achieved group consensus in the third Delphi round. It was agreed that dorsopalmar and lateral radiographs should be acquired as routine imaging work-up in patients with suspected SLJ instability. Radiographic stress views and dynamic fluoroscopy allow accurate diagnosis of dynamic SLJ instability. MR arthrography and CT arthrography are accurate for detecting scapholunate interosseous ligament tears and articular cartilage defects. Ultrasonography and MRI can delineate most extrinsic carpal ligaments, although validated scientific evidence on accurate differentiation between partially or completely torn or incompetent ligaments is not available. CONCLUSIONS: Delphi-based agreements suggest that standardized radiographs, radiographic stress views, dynamic fluoroscopy, MR arthrography and CT arthrography are the most useful and accurate imaging techniques for the work-up of SLJ instability. KEY POINTS: • Dorsopalmar and lateral wrist radiographs remain the basic imaging modality for routine imaging work-up in patients with suspected scapholunate joint instability. • Radiographic stress views and dynamic fluoroscopy of the wrist allow accurate diagnosis of dynamic scapholunate joint instability. • Wrist MR arthrography and CT arthrography are accurate for determination of scapholunate interosseous ligament tears and cartilage defects.

[Modern neurosurgical techniques to remove intraorbital foreign bodies--report of two cases]. / Zastosowanie nowoczesnych technik neurochirurgicznych podczas usuwania cial obcych z oczodolu--opis dwøch przypadków.

PURPOSE: To indicate the usefulness of modern neurosurgical techniques to remove intraorbital foreign bodies, not removed during primary ophthalmological surgical intervention. PATIENT 1: A 29-year-old man, struck with a bottle, with a piece of glass located at the top of the right orbit. During the primary ophthalmological intervention--orbitotomy accessed through the conjunctiva of the fornix of the upper eyelid and the second cut through the wound in the eyelid--the foreign body was not removed. The patient was moved to the Department of Neurosurgery, where 3 days after the injury the 30 mm x 7 mm piece of glass was successfully removed with the aid of neuronavigation system. The surgical approach was through a cut in the right eyebrow and the foreign body was found to be located in the back-top part of the orbit. PATIENT 2: A 30-year-old man, hit with a piece of wood, with an organic foreign body (wood), located in the mid-lower and medial part of the right orbit. During the primary ophthalmological operation--orbitotomy accessed through the conjunctiva of the fornix of the lower eyelid--the foreign body was not removed. The patient was moved to the Department of Neurosurgery, where the surgeon unsuccesfuly attempted to remove the foreign body through the wound in the conjunctiva of the fornix of the lower eyelid with the aid of neuronavigation. In this situation the endoscopic technique with access through the nose was used. The mid part of the medial orbit wall was removed and partially fragmented piece of wood was located with the use of the neuronavigation. The foreign body was located in the middle part of the orbit, near the medial wall. It was removed in four pieces measuring: 8 mm x 3 mm, 8 mm x 4 mm, 15 mm x 5 mm, 18 mm x 6 mm.