Current trends in erectile rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy: Results from a worldwide survey.

We aimed to analyse the current trend of erectile rehabilitation (ER) following radical prostatectomy (RP) using a dedicated survey. An online survey was developed between July and September 2020, aiming to evaluate the ER protocols after RP in daily practice among urologists, andrologists, sexual medicine specialists and residents. We investigated demographics data, type of RP performed, and type, schedule, timing and duration of ER protocols. In total, 518 responders from 52 countries completed the survey. Surgical techniques reported were: 38.9% open, 22.9% laparoscopic and 38.2% robot-assisted RP. 33% of the responders begin ER at the catheter removal, 22% 1 month after surgery and 15% before surgery. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors were the most used medication as first-line treatment (99.4%). Tadalafil 20 mg was the most prescribed, and used daily in 48.2% of the cases, and 2-3 times/week in 46%. Intra-cavernosal injection of prostaglandin E1 was the second most common prescribed monotherapy (67.9%) followed by the association of phosphodiesterase inhibitors and vacuum-erection device (29.6%). The duration of ER was <6 months in 16.2%, between 6 and 11 months in 39%, between 12 and 18 months in 31.9%, between 19-24 months in 9.2% and >24 months in 3.7%. This study showed that the approach to ER after RP was inhomogeneous. International guidelines are urgently needed to standardise ER protocols.

A global knowledge, attitudes and practices survey on anatomical endoscopic enucleation of prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia among urologists.

There is an increasing use of the procedure, anatomical endoscopic enucleation of the prostate, as an alternative to conventional transurethral resection of prostate for surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, barriers to adoption of this procedure remain and no prior studies explored this important aspect till date. The aim of this study is to identify the predictors and barriers of surgeon-related practices in this area. The study findings may also provide valuable insight into current practice trends worldwide. To achieve the objectives, we conducted an online, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study between 1st September 2019 and 5th October 2019 to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices among urologists worldwide. Our findings showed that the main barriers for adoption of the procedure were lack of mentorship, a steep learning curve, and unavailability of morcellator, bipolar or laser energy sources. Fear of urinary incontinence, bleeding and bladder injury were not major hindrance to adoption of this technique. The results also demonstrated that there will be continued increase in utility of the procedure in the future.

Social media influence in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Never before in human history has it been possible to communicate so quickly during a pandemic, social media platforms have been a key piece for the dissemination of information; however, there are multiple advantages and disadvantages that must be considered. Responsible use of these tools can help quickly disseminate important new information, relevant new scientific findings, share diagnostic, treatment, and follow-up protocols, as well as compare different approaches globally, removing geographic boundaries for the first time in history. In order to use these tools in a responsible and useful way, it is recommended to follow some basic guidelines when sharing information on social networks in the COVID-19 era. In this paper, we summarize the most relevant information on the influence, and advantages, and disadvantages of the use of social networks during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Fast iterative tomographic wavefront estimation with recursive Toeplitz reconstructor structure for large-scale systems.

Tomographic wavefront reconstruction is the main computational bottleneck to realize real-time correction for turbulence-induced wavefront aberrations in future laser-assisted tomographic adaptive-optics (AO) systems for ground-based giant segmented mirror telescopes because of its unprecedented number of degrees of freedom, N, i.e., the number of measurements from wavefront sensors. In this paper, we provide an efficient implementation of the minimum-mean-square error (MMSE) tomographic wavefront reconstruction, which is mainly useful for some classes of AO systems not requiring multi-conjugation, such as laser-tomographic AO, multi-object AO, and ground-layer AO systems, but is also applicable to multi-conjugate AO systems. This work expands that by Conan [Proc. SPIE9148, 91480R (2014)PSISDG0277-786X10.1117/12.2054472] to the multi-wavefront tomographic case using natural and laser guide stars. The new implementation exploits the Toeplitz structure of covariance matrices used in an MMSE reconstructor, which leads to an overall O(N log N) real-time complexity compared with O(N2) of the original implementation using straight vector-matrix multiplication. We show that the Toeplitz-based algorithm leads to 60 nm rms wavefront error improvement for the European Extremely Large Telescope laser-tomography AO system over a well-known sparse-based tomographic reconstruction; however, the number of iterations required for suitable performance is still beyond what a real-time system can accommodate to keep up with the time-varying turbulence.

Rapid measurement of individual cone photoreceptor pointing using focus diversity.

A novel method is presented to rapidly measure the pointing direction of individual human cone photoreceptors using adaptive-optics (AO) retinal imaging. For a fixed entrance pupil position, the focal plane is rapidly modulated to image the guided light in various axial planes. For cones with different pointing directions, this focus diversity will cause a shift in their apparent position, allowing for their relative pointing to be determined. For four normal human subjects, retinal images were acquired, registered, and the positions of individual cones tracked throughout the dataset. Variation in cone tilt was 0.02 radians, agreeing with other objective measurements on the same subjects at the same retinal locations.

International Survey on Urodynamic Investigations in Women Undergoing Stress Urinary Incontinence Surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of invasive urodynamics (UD) in women candidates for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a worldwide survey on current trends in use of preoperative invasive UD in women undergoing SUI surgery. Demographic respondents' data, whether routine invasive UD is performed before surgery and its diagnostic role were investigated. RESULTS: The survey was completed by 504 respondents: urologists 83.1%, gynecologists 16.8%. UD findings were reported influencing the surgical decision in 84.3% of the cases and may change planned surgery in 72.4%, may discourage it in 43.6%, may change surgical expectations in 55.5%, and are useful for preoperative counselling in 96.6%. We found a very low rate of routine performance of UD for uncomplicated SUI. The most impactful UD findings were related to the conditions of detrusor contractility, overactivity and underactivity. Among voiding disorders, dyssynergia was considered the most relevant dysfunction. Valsalva Leak Point Pressure was the most reported tool to investigate urethral function. The surgical management was influenced by UD findings in the vast majority of the cases, although about 60% reported that a relevant impact of the UD occurred in less than 40% of the investigations. The crucial effect of UD on surgical management was high. This finding showed that for many respondents UD still has a pivotal role before SUI surgery. CONCLUSION: This survey showed a worldwide picture on preoperative UD in SUI surgery highlighting the crucial role of UD. UD investigation influences surgical management, but whether it influences outcomes is unclear.

Evidence-based Medicine: Perceptions, Attitudes, and Skills Among European Urology Residents.

Background: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) was introduced as a concept in the early 1990s as an integration of the best available evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. Objective: To evaluate the current status of EBM training and EBM perception, attitudes, and self-perceived skills among European urology residents. Design setting and participants: Our online open survey comprised 28 multiple-choice items, including ten questions with responses on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree. The survey was distributed via the mailing lists and social media accounts of the European Society of Residents in Urology, German Society of Residents in Urology, French Society of Urologists in Training, Spanish Urology Residents Working Group, Italian Society of Residents in Urology, and the Urology Social Media Working Group in two rounds (May-July 2019 and July 2020). We excluded responses from non-European countries. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: The online open survey comprised 28 multiple-choice items. These included ten questions with answers on a five-point Likert scale with response items ranging from strongly disagree (score of 1) to strongly agree (score of 5). Results and limitations: We received 210 responses, of which 181 from 23 European countries were eligible. Approximately three-quarters (73.7%) of the respondents were male, with a mean age of 31 yr. Only 28.2% reported EBM training as part of their urology curriculum and 19.3% felt that the training they received was sufficient to guide their daily practice. An overwhelming majority (91.5%) stated that they would be interested in more formalized EBM training or additional training. There was a strong level of agreement (median score 5, interquartile range 4-5) that EBM is important for daily medical and surgical practice and that it improves patient care. Overall, the mean self-perceived understanding of basic EBM concepts was good. Limitations include concerns about generalizability given its internet-based format, the inability to calculate a response rate, poor representation from some European regions, and limited sample size. Conclusions: Our survey suggests that European urology residents receive a limited amount of EBM training despite considerable appreciation, interest, and self-perceived deficits for more advanced concepts. Formal integration of EBM teaching in all European residency programs should be considered. Patient summary: We performed an online survey of urology residents in Europe. We found that residents have positive perceptions of and attitudes to evidence-based medicine but most programs lack formal training in this area.

Is there a consensus between clinical practice guidelines for conventional and molecular nuclear medicine studies in parathyroid pathology?

Hyperparathyroidism is a common calcium metabolic disorder, characterized by the presence of high concentrations or inappropriately normal concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the context of high calcium. Pharmacological and surgical management is available as treatment. The objective of diagnostic imaging is to determine the location of the causal lesion. For these purposes, non-invasive methods can be divided into anatomical or functional studies, with nuclear medicine studies being in the latter category. The objective of this review, is to establish the similarities and differences that exist in the clinical practice guidelines on conventional and molecular nuclear medicine studies in parathyroid disease.

[Usefulness of photodynamic diagnosis in high-grade Bladder Cancer and subsequent BCG failure. Bibliographic review.] / Utilidad del diagnóstico fotodinámico en el carcinoma vesical de alto grado y posterior al fracaso de BCG. Revisión de la literatura.

OBJECTIVES: Bladder tumors are thesecond highest incidence urological tumor in the adultpopulation. In recent years, new techniques such as photodynamicdiagnosis have arisen in order to improvethe sensitivity for the detection of non muscle invasivebladder cancer (NMIBC). We intend to update the roleof photodynamic diagnosis in the diagnosis of NMIBC,in cases refractory to BCG and as a treatment in therecurrent bladder cancer. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We performed a descriptivestudy and bibliographic review on the usefulness of photratatodynamicdiagnosis in NMIBC, early recurrence andrefractoriness to BCG published in the universal medicalliterature. RESULTS: Photodynamic cystoscopy increases the detectionsensitivity for NMIBC, especially carcinoma in situ(CIS) from 15% to 30% according to the different seriespublished. Regarding high-grade bladder cancer recurrence,photodynamic therapy increases disease-freetime in 20% of patients. In the use of photodynamictechniques for the detection of CIS after BCG, studiesindicate an increase in sensitivity with an increase in therate of false positives. CONCLUSION: Photodynamic diagnosis could improvesensitivity for the early detection of patients withCIS and/or T1G3. May be, at the same time, an alternativein the recurrence of bladder cancer, especiallyCIS.

OBJETIVO: Los tumores vesicales son el segundo tumor urológico con mayor incidencia en la población adulta. En los últimos años han surgido nuevas técnicas como el diagnóstico fotodinámico, con el fin de mejorar la sensibilidad para la detección del tumor vesical no musculo invasivo (TVNMI). Pretendemos actualizar el papel del diagnóstico fotodinámico en el diagnóstico del TVNMI, en los casos refractarios a BCG y como tratamiento en el tumor vesical  recidivante.MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Revisión bibliográfica y estudio descriptivo sobre la utilidad del diagnóstico fotodinámico en el TVNMI, en la recurrencia precoz y en la refractariedad a BCG publicados en la literatura médica universal. RESULTADOS: La cistoscopia fotodinámica aumenta la sensibilidad de detección del TVNMI, sobre todo del carcinoma in situ (CIS) desde un 15% hasta un 30% según las distintas series publicadas. En cuanto a la recidiva del tumor vesical de alto grado, la terapia fotodinámica aumenta el tiempo libre de enfermedad en un 20% de los pacientes. En el uso de técnicas fotodinámicas para la detección del CIS tras el uso de BCG, los estudios indican un aumento de sensibilidad con un incremento de la tasa de falsos positivos.CONCLUSIÓN: El diagnóstico fotodinámico podría mejorar la sensibilidad para la detección precoz de pacientes con CIS y/o T1G3. Puede ser, a su vez, una alternativa en la recurrencia del cáncer vesical, sobre todo del CIS.

Disincronía miocárdica en pacientes sometidos a estudio de Spect gatillado y análisis de fase / Myocardial dyssynchrony in patients undergoing gated SPECT and phase analysis

Introducción: la perfusión miocárdica mediante SPECT gatillado (tomografía computarizada de emisión de fotón único) y análisis de fase permiten evaluar la disincronía mecánica y la fracción de eyección, indicando quienes podrían responder a la terapia de resincronización cardíaca. Objetivo: describir la frecuencia de disincronía miocárdica y su relación con los resultados del SPECT en el Hospital de San José de Bogotá entre mayo 2018 y febrero 2019. Metodología: estudio transversal en mayores de 18 años, con electrocardiograma de no más de 6 meses y SPECT gatillado. Para la información sociodemográfica, antecedentes cardíacos, parámetros de electrocardiograma y resultados del SPECT se empleó estadística descriptiva y análisis de correspondencias múltiples. Resultados: se incluyeron 539 pacientes con edad promedio de 68 años, 59.8% con sobrepeso y obesidad, 47.7% en clase funcional NYHA (New York Heart Association) III y IV, 48.4% fumadores y 26.9% diabéticos; 48.1% tenían cateterismo cardíaco y 45.3% infarto agudo de miocardio; en 31% la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo < 50%. La disincronía se determinó con un ancho de banda >135°; hubo disincronía en 202 pacientes (37.5%) que se relacionó con: género masculino, sobrepeso, diabetes, tabaquismo, infarto agudo del miocardio, colocación de stent, fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo <40% o entre 40%-50% y dilatación isquémica transitoria (TID) >1.22 o entre 1.12-1.22. Discusión y conclusiones: el uso de la nueva herramienta del análisis de fase de medicina nuclear es factible y útil para determinar los pacientes respondedores a la terapia de resincronización cardíaca.

Introduction: Myocardial perfusion gated SPECT (simple photon emission computed tomography) with phase analysis allows the assessment of mechanical dyssynchrony and ejection fraction, for prediction of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Objective: to describe myocardial dyssynchrony frequency and its relationship with SPECT results at Hospital de San José de Bogotá between May 2018 and February 2019. Methodology: cross-sectional study in patients aged over 18 years, with a less than 6 months electrocardiogram and gated SPECT. Sociodemographic data, cardiovascular history, electrocardiogram parameters and SPECT results were evaluated using descriptive statistics and multiple correspondence analysis. Results: five-hundred-thirty-nine patients with a mean age of 68 years were included, 59.8% had overweight and obesity, 47.7% were NYHA (New York Heart Association) functional class III and IV, 48.4% smokers and 26.9% diabetics; 48.1% received cardiac catheterization and 45.3% had history of acute myocardial infarction; left ventricular ejection fraction was < 50% in 31%. Dyssynchrony was determined with a >135° bandwidth; dyssynchrony was evidenced in 202 patients (37.5%) and was related to male gender, overweight, diabetes, smoking, acute myocardial infarction, stent placement, left ventricular ejection fraction <40% or 40%-50% and transient ischemic dilation (TID) >1.22 or 1.12-1.22. Discussion and conclusions: the new nuclear medicine phase analysis tool is feasible and useful to identify cardiac resynchronization therapy responders.

[Job status after the resident training period in Spain. Analysis of a national survey.] / Situación laboral en España tras finalizar la residencia en Urología. Análisis de una encuesta a nivel nacional.

OBJECTIVES: Since the establishment of specialization of medicine through the residency system, Spanish health care has sought to maintain a balance between established needs and trained professionals, with the aim of avoiding the deficit or excess of health specialists with its consequences. The objective of the present review is to know the working conditions of urologist specialists at the end of the residency training period. METHODS: The results of a survey for urologist who completed their residency contract from 2012 to 2016 are presented, assessing working status, academic and working data during the first months after the completion of specialized training. RESULTS: A total of 42 surveys were collected. All respondents had a working contract within 6 months of completing their training. 71% had a temporary contract, most with duration of less than one year. There are more contract numbers in the public health system, although they increase progressively in the private sector. More than half of the respondents were satisfied with their work situation. CONCLUSIONS: The work insertion of the recently specialized urologists is high, reaching 100% within 6 months of finishing their specialization. Labor quality issues are not so positive, observing great working instability associated to a high proportion of temporary contracts lower than 6 months.

[The role of social media in academic training in Urology. Adequate use.] / El papel de las redes sociales en la formación académica urológica. Uso adecuado.

Social media is characterized because all its services are participative. Users of 2.0 technologies can interact easily and openly with other people, share resources and communicate immediately and simultaneously. Research improves from participatory technologies by allowing groups to share reflections, methodologies, resources and results.The social media platform with greater diffusion and use in urology is possibly Twitter because it allows to realize what is known like "microblogging", the users generate comments and brief messages through the creation of "tweets". It is possible to determine that there are three broad areas from a scientific point of view in which social media are manifested: sharing research, resources and results. The use and applications of social media become a major responsibility in the area of health and urology, obviously for reasons of privacy, scientific rigor, ethics and the nature of the medical - legal content.

[Urinary lithiasis. The patient also plays.] / Urolitiasis: el paciente también juega.

Renal lithiasis is known for its high incidence and prevalence, but mainly for its morbidity and recurrence. Despite a good indication and appropriate surgical treatment, the essential problem, the origin of the formation of the stones, generally persists and it is not uncommon that patients suffer multiple treatments and discomfort secondary to ancillary measures normally used to prevent complications. It is widely known, for consistency, that a prophylactic treatment with general or, in a smaller group of patients, specific measures are appropriate to diminish recurrences. Nevertheless, prophylaxis is not usually used by many urologists and, on top of that, in the majority of those cases when it is taken into consideration, it is the patient who fails for inadequate treatment compliance. It is very important, in any of our conversations with the urinary lithiasis' patient in relation with the disease, that the urologist provides a proper and detailed information about all its features, from diagnosis to active treatment and possible complications and, of course in those cases where prophylaxis is going to be essential to avoid new unpleasant episodes of pain and associated surgical interventions, emphasizing that improving his/her quality of life depends, to a great extent, on the patient himself. In this article, considering the existing evidence and personal experience, we intend to detail those behaviors we should take into consideration to facilitate the patient both therapeutic decisions and a positive attitude towards his/her disease, with the aim to control it in the best possible way.

Renal colic during pregnancy: Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. Literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Renal colic during pregnancy is a rare urgency but is one of the most common non-obstetric reasons for hospital admission. The management often means a challenge for the urologist and gynecologist due to the complexity involved in preserving the maternal and fetal well-being. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a literature search within the PubMed database. We found 65 related articles in English. We selected 36 for this review prioritizing publications in the last two decades. RESULTS: The anatomical and functional changes of the genitourinary system during pregnancy are well documented; also during pregnancy, there are several metabolic pro-lithogenic factors. The most common clinical presentation is flank pain accompanied by micro or macro hematuria. US provides data identifying renal obstruction shown by an increased renal resistance index. MRI allows differentiating the physiological dilatation from the pathological caused by an obstructive stone showing peripheral renal edema and renal enlargement. Low dose CT has been determined to be a safe and highly accurate imaging technique. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, the initial management of patients should be conservative. When conservative management fails the interventional treatment is mandatory, a urinary diversion of the obstructed renal unit either by a JJ stent or through a PCN catheter has to be done. The definitive management of the stone can be done in the postpartum or deferred ureteroscopy can be considered during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Renal colic during pregnancy is an uncommon urgency, so it is important for the urologist to know the management of this condition.

Social Media in Urology: opportunities, applications, appropriate use and new horizons.

INTRODUCTION: Social Media (SoMe) includes a broad spectrum of public use platforms like Twitter, YouTube or Facebook that have changed the way humans interact and communicate. Considering the high usage rates for various SoMe platforms among urologists, we aimed to perform a review regarding opportunities, applications, appropriate use and new horizons of SoMe in urology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Literature review. RESULTS: We are currently experiencing an explosion in the use of SoMe in healthcare and urology due to the clear offer of advantages in communication, information sharing, enhanced experience of meetings and conferences, as well as, for networking. However, SoMe is an open environment and recommendations should be implemented on the appropriate use in order to respect ethical considerations and not break the harmony of the doctor-patient relationship. SoMe activity has become an important part of our participation in scientific meetings. CONCLUSIONS: SoMe represents a vibrant area of opportunities for the communication of knowledge in health care and so their potential applications today are unquestionable; however, its development in the urological community is still in its infancy. At present the benefits include communication between associations, urologists, residents, other health care professionals and patients. Further efforts are focusing on standardizing the language used through SoMe and finding out how we can objectively quantify the impact of the information published in SoMe.

Directionality of individual cone photoreceptors in the parafoveal region.

The pointing direction of cone photoreceptors can be inferred from the Stiles-Crawford Effect of the First Kind (SCE-I) measurement. Healthy retinas have tightly packed cones with a SCE-I function peak either centered in the pupil or with a slight nasal bias. Various retinal pathologies can change the profile of the SCE-I function implying that the arrangement or the light capturing properties of the cone photoreceptors are affected. Measuring the SCE-I may reveal early signs of photoreceptor change before actual cell apoptosis occurs. In vivo retinal imaging with adaptive optics (AO) was used to measure the pointing direction of individual cones at eight retinal locations in four control human subjects. Retinal images were acquired by translating an aperture in the light delivery arm through 19 different locations across a subject's entrance pupil. Angular tuning properties of individual cones were calculated by fitting a Gaussian to the reflected intensity profile of each cone projected onto the pupil. Results were compared to those from an accepted psychophysical SCE-I measurement technique. The maximal difference in cone directionality of an ensemble of cones, ρ¯, between the major and minor axes of the Gaussian fit was 0.05 versus 0.29mm(-2) in one subject. All four subjects were found to have a mean nasal bias of 0.81mm with a standard deviation of ±0.30mm in the peak position at all retinal locations with mean ρ¯ value decreasing by 23% with increasing retinal eccentricity. Results show that cones in the parafoveal region converge towards the center of the pupillary aperture, confirming the anterior pointing alignment hypothesis.

Measurement of the photoreceptor pointing in the living chick eye.

The chick eye is used in the study of ocular growth and emmetropization; however optical aberrations in the lens and cornea limit the ability to visualize fine retinal structure in living eyes. These aberrations can be corrected using adaptive optics (AO) allowing for cellular level imaging in vivo. Here, this capability is extended to measure the angular tuning properties of individual photoreceptors. The left eyes from two White Leghorn chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) labeled chick A and chick B, were imaged using an AO flood illuminated fundus camera. By translating the entrance pupil position, the same retinal location was illuminated with light of varying angles allowing for the measurement of individual photoreceptor pointing. At 30° nasal from the pecten tip, the pointing direction for both chicks was towards the pupil center with a narrow distribution. These particular chicks were found to have a temporal (T) and inferior (I) bias in the alignment with peak positions of (0.81 T, 0.23 I) and (0.57 T, 0.18 I) mm from the pupil center for chicks A and B respectively. The rho, ρ, values for the major, ρL, and minor, ρs, axes were 0.14 and 0.17mm(-2) for chick A and 0.09 and 0.20mm(-2) for chick B. The small disarray in the alignment of the chick photoreceptors implies that the photoreceptors are aligned to optimize the light entering the eye through the central portion of the pupil aperture. The ability to measure pointing properties of individual photoreceptors will have application in the study of eye growth and various retinal disorders.

Social media influence in the COVID-19 Pandemic

ABSTRACT Never before in human history has it been possible to communicate so quickly during a pandemic, social media platforms have been a key piece for the dissemination of information; however, there are multiple advantages and disadvantages that must be considered. Responsible use of these tools can help quickly disseminate important new information, relevant new scientific findings, share diagnostic, treatment, and followup protocols, as well as compare different approaches globally, removing geographic boundaries for the first time in history. In order to use these tools in a responsible and useful way, it is recommended to follow some basic guidelines when sharing information on social networks in the COVID-19 era. In this paper, we summarize the most relevant information on the influence, and advantages, and disadvantages of the use of social networks during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Hallazgos en gammagrafía con análogos de la somatostatina (Tc-99m HYNIC-TOC) en metástasis sobre cuero cabelludo como debut en un tumor neuroendocrino de origen incierto / Findings insomatostatin analogue scintigraphy (99mtc-HYNIC-TOC) in scalp metastasis as debut in a neuroendocrine tumor of uncertain origin / Achados em cintilografia com análogos de somatostatina (Tc-99m HYNIC-TOC) em metástases no couro cabeludo como estréia em um tumor neuroendócrino de origem incerta

Los estudios de medicina nuclear permiten en tumor neuroendocrino (TNE) de origen desconocido la búsqueda del tumor primario y estadificación de la enfermedad

Nuclear medicine studies allow neuroendocrine tumor (NET) of unknown origin to search for the primary tumor and staging the disease

Estudos de medicina nuclear permitem o tumor neuroendócrino (NET) de origem desconhecida para a pesquisa do tumor primário e o estadiamento da doença