The impact of social inequalities on children's knowledge and representation of health and cancer.

Reducing inequalities in the field of cancer involves studying the knowledge and mental representations of cancer among children. A qualitative study was conducted on 191 children aged 9 to 12 using the "write and draw" technique to get spontaneous mental representations of "healthy things", "unhealthy things" and "cancer". We grouped the voluntary schools according to two deprivation levels. In response to the request to "write or draw anything you think keeps you healthy", the main responses categories were physical activity, healthy food and basic needs. Smoking, drinking alcohol, sedentary lifestyles/lack of sport were identified as "unhealthy". The first theme associated with "cancer" is the "cancer site" implying children have a segmented perception of cancer. Deprived children have radically different views about the key items representing cancer: they are more likely to believe the illness is systematically deadly. They are less likely to believe it is a treatable illness. They are less likely to associate cancer with risky behaviors, particularly alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION: Social inequalities affect representations of cancer and health literacy from early childhood. Prevention programs taking into account these representations need to be introduced at school. What is Known: • Social inequalities for cancer mortality are observed in all European countries and are particularly pronounced in France. • Reducing these inequalities in prevention programs implies studying the knowledge and mental representations of cancer among children. What is New: • This study identified representations of cancer in young children according to social level. • At age 9, children living in deprived areas are less able to produce content in discussions about cancer and have narrower mental representations and a more fatalistic view.

[Assessment of the announcement procedure in 29 cancer-accredited hospitals in the Aquitaine region: the EVADA project]. / Évaluation du dispositif d’annonce au sein de 29 établissements de santé d’'Aquitaine autorisés en cancérologie: le projet EVADA.

INTRODUCTION: An announcement procedure is mandatory to obtain accreditation to treat cancer patients. Health care professionals in the Aquitaine region evaluated the organization of this announcement procedure in their institutions and the patients' perception, in order to initiate actions to improve the structure and traceability of this procedure. METHOD: Self-assessment approach based on a retrospective study plan comprising three concomitant steps: organizational audit, medical records audit and patient experience survey. RESULTS: 29 institutions participated in the study. Heterogeneous organizations were observed, although progress had been made in the deployment of the announcement procedure in terms of personnel training,formal organization and the resources devoted to this procedure, but there remains considerable room for improvement in terms of traceability, coordination between doctors and nursing staff, and referral of patients to supportive care. CONCLUSION: This evaluation triggered active mobilization of hospital teams concerning the announcement procedure in the Aquitaine region and a better awareness of the patient's perception. The regional dynamic allowed exchanges between institutions, facilitating the implementation of improvement actions.

Knowledge of free voluntary HIV testing centres and willingness to do a test among migrants in Cayenne, French Guiana.

In Cayenne, French Guiana, 80% of HIV-positive patients followed at the hospital are migrants. Behavioural information is crucial for optimising HIV testing for this vulnerable group. Predictors of ignorance of the existence of free voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) centre and willingness to get tested were investigated in 2006 among 398 migrants from Haiti, Guyana, Suriname and Brazil using a structured questionnaire. Only 27% of migrants knew simultaneously about the existence of free VCT, its localisation and its operating hours. Factors associated with ignorance of the existence of free VCT centre were birthplace in Haiti, being in French Guiana for less than three years, not thinking one's birth country as strongly affected by HIV and not thinking to be personally at risk for HIV. Factors independently associated with willingness to get tested were thinking to be at risk for HIV, birthplace in Brazil and Haiti, having a high-integration level and fear of suffering if HIV test was positive. In order to improve testing among migrants, the accessibility of testing facilities and the knowledge of their whereabouts and operating hours must be improved to promote the desired behaviour among the majority of migrants which is often willing to do the test.

How does comorbidity affect colon cancer patients' care trajectory? Results from the French EvaCCoR cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: Due to their advanced age in average, colon cancer patients are likely to be exposed to comorbidity. However, the influence of comorbidity on patients' care trajectory and survival is largely under-explored. Hence, we investigate the effect of comorbidity on patients care trajectory and survival based on an observational study in "real-life" setting. METHODS: This prospective observational study in two French regions includes patients aged over 18 and firstly treated for a colon cancer, stage II and III, diagnosed between 1st January and 31st December 2010. We assessed the influence of comorbidity (severe vs moderate or none), using the Charlson Comorbidity Index, on overall survival and patients' management steps. RESULTS: We analyzed 762 patients. We found comorbidity to be associated with adjuvant treatment delivery with a longer delay between surgery and chemotherapy initiation among patients with severe comorbidity. Severe comorbidity had an independent detrimental effect on overall survival that is slightly downsized after adjustment for adjuvant treatment delivery. CONCLUSION: Using observational "real-life" data, we showed that comorbidity impacts the colon cancer patients' care trajectory directly but also through indirect pathways involving adjuvant chemotherapy delivery. However, further studies are needed to better understand this mechanism.

Management of colon cancer patients: A comprehensive analysis of the absence of multidisciplinary team meetings in two French departments.

BACKGROUND: The care management of colorectal cancers has evolved, particularly since the implementation of multidisciplinary team meetings (MDTm). The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with the non-presentation of colon cancer patients in MDTm (no-MDTm) and to assess the association between no-MDTm and the diagnostic and therapeutic care management, in two areas in France, in 2010. METHODS: Patients over 18 years diagnosed for invasive colon cancer in Gironde and Tarn during 2010 were included from the cancer registries of these two departments. We used five indicators to evaluate the care management of colon cancer patients (about diagnosis, treatment and selection of patients for chemotherapy). RESULTS: No-MDTm patients were more likely to die early after diagnosis (OR=2.94, 95% CI=[1.52-5.66]). Elderly patients and those living in more disadvantaged areas were less often presented in MDTm (OR≥85years=2.10, 95% CI=[1.06-4.18]; OREDIQ4-Q5=1.96, 95% CI=[1.23-3.14]). After adjusting for patient-related variables (age, comorbidities, deprivation) and tumor (stage at diagnosis), we found that thoracic CT scan was less often performed among no-MDTm patients (OR=0.40, 95% CI=[0.24-0.65]). There was no association between the absence of MDTm and the therapeutic care management indicators. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, therapeutic care management was not associated with the absence of MDTm but with patient and tumor characteristics, including age, comorbidities and level of deprivation, that influence the non-presentation in MDTm.

The development of a regional referral pathway for locally recurrent rectal cancer: A Delphi consensus study.

BACKGROUND: The management of patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) is often complex and requires multidisciplinary input whereas only few patients are referred to a specialist centre. The aim of this study was to design a regional referral pathway for LRRC, in Nouvelle Aquitaine (South-West, France). METHODS: In 2016, we conducted with a Study Steering Committee (SC) a three phase mixed-methods study including identification of key factors, identification of key stakeholders and Delphi voting consensus. During three rounds of Delphi voting, a consensus was defined as favorable, if at least 80% of participating experts rate the factor, below or equal to 3/10 using a Likert scale, or consider it as "useful" using a binary scale (third round only). Finally, the SC drafted guidelines. RESULTS: Among the 423 physicians involved in 29 regional digestive Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT) meeting, 59 participants (from 26 MDT meeting) completed all three rounds of Delphi voting. Thirteen out of twenty initially selected factors reached a favorable consensus. All patients with a LRRC need to be included into a referral pathway. Patients with a central pelvic recurrence offered curative treatment in their local hospital and patients with unresectable metastatic disease were excluded of the referral. Key performance indicators were also agreed including the time to referral and completion of pelvic MRI-, CT-, PET-scan prior to MDT referral. CONCLUSION: The development of this referral pathway represents an innovative health service, which will improve the management of patients with LRRC in France.

Human herpesvirus 6 infection after autologous stem cell transplantation: A multicenter prospective study in adult patients.

OBJECTIVES: to prospectively evaluate the incidence and the clinical relevance on hematopoietic reconstitution of HHV-6 infection in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) recipients. METHODS: HHV-6 DNA load was measured in whole blood specimens once during the 7 days before stem cell re-infusion and once a week after transplantation until hematopoietic recovery. Active HHV-6 infection was defined by 2 consecutive positive DNA loads. RESULTS: from July 2012 to February 2015, 196 adult patients undergoing ASCT were enrolled. Twenty-two (11.2%) patients developed active HHV-6 infection with a cumulative incidence of 19% at 40 days after transplantation. The onset of active HHV-6 infection occurred with a median of 13 days after stem cell re-infusion. HHV-6 infection was associated with an increased frequency of non-infectious complications (OR = 5.05; 95%CI 1.78-14.32; P < 0.001). Moreover, the severity of these non-infectious complications was higher in recipients exhibiting HHV-6 infection (OR = 4.62; 95%CI 1.32-16.2; p < 0.01). Delayed neutrophils 10 (IQR: 8-14) vs 8 (IQR: 6-11) days and platelets recoveries 15 (IQR: 11.8-18.5) vs 8 (IQR: 4-14) days were observed in patients with active HHV-6 infection compared to non-infected ones. CONCLUSIONS: in this study, 11.2% ASCT recipients presented active HHV-6 infection associated with significantly delayed hematologic reconstitution.

Professional skippers' sun-protection knowledge and behavior in the tropics.

A preliminary inquiry, conducted on Martinique Island, sought to determine professional skippers' sun-protection knowledge and behavior. Fifty-two skippers (mean age: 41 years) completed a questionnaire; 39 (75 %) had a simple sunburn over the last 6 months and 3 (6%) severe sunburn; 54 (64%) declared achieving sun protection by wearing clothes during >90% of the day. Only 17% had used sun protection >90% of the time.