Effect of Different Cryoprotectants (Glycerol, Methanol and Dimethyl Sulfoxide) on Post-thaw Quality, Viability, Fertilization Ability and DNA Damage of Cryopreserved Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Spermatozoa.

BACKGROUND: Cryopreservation of sperm from different fish species requires different protocols. Therefore, it is necessary to perform studies to establish reliable procedures for each species. OBJECTIVE: Experiments were designed to analyse the effect of different types of cryoprotectants on post-thaw motility, viability and fertility as well as cryoresistance of cryopreserved Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) sperm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sperm samples were diluted with an ionic extender containing glycerol (Gly), methanol (MeOH) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at ratios of 5, 10 and 15 % respectively. Diluted samples were aspirated into 0.25 ml French straws and frozen 3 cm above the surface of liquid nitrogen (LN) in a styrofoam box and stored in a LN tank. DNA damage was evaluated with the comet assay technique following cryopreservation. RESULTS: Supplementation of extender with 10% glycerol gave the highest motility rate compared with the other cryoprotectant groups (P<0.05). Differences in terms of post-thaw motility duration, cell viability and fertilization rates were not significant among treatments (P>0.05). Although Gly gave the best score (5.0 ± 0.1%, P>0.05) at the concentration of 10%, 5% Me2SO caused significant DNA damage (15.0 ± 1.0%, P<0.05) with the comet test. CONCLUSION: Gly or MeOH are more suitable cryoprotectants than DMSO for the cryopreservation of Nile tilapia sperm.

Effect of Extender Supplemented with Boron on Post-Thaw Motility, Viability, DNA Damage and Fertilization Ability of Cryopreserved Brown Trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma) Spermatozoa.

BACKGROUND: Boron has been considered as an essential nutrient for decreasing lipid peroxidation and improving antioxidant mechanism in different animal species. On the other hand, its effect on quality or DNA damage following cryopreservation process in fish sperm is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: Experiments were designed to analyse the effect of an ionic based extender supplemented with boron on post-thawed motility, viability, fertility and DNA integrity of cryopreserved brown trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma) sperm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sperm samples were cryopreserved with the ionic extender containing different boron concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mM) using a controlled freezer at two different freezing rates (FR-I: 10°C min-1 from +4°C to -40°C and FR-II: 15°C min-1 from +4°C to -40°C). Sperm motility, viability, fertilization, eyeing and DNA fragmentations were determined in post-thawed samples. RESULTS: Freezing rate-I provided significantly higher fertilization and eyeing rates compared to freezing rate-II (p<0.05). Higher post-thaw motility (62.8±1.4%) and fertilization (75.2±0.9%) rates were obtained with the 0.4 mM boron concentration at freezing rate-I. CONCLUSION: Supplementation of the extender with boron increased fertilization and eyeing rates and also decreased DNA damages at both freezing rates.

Immunohistochemical study on roe deer haemal nodes.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the immunohistochemical characteristics of the haemal nodes located in the abdominal and thoracic cavities in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 2 adult male and 2 adult female roe deers in addition to 2 roe deer foetuses at the late foetal stages were used. The avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique was applied to anti-CD3, anti-CD79acy, anti--macrophage, anti-S100 primary antibodies. RESULTS: Positive results were gained for all the antibodies used. Many CD3 positive T-lymphocytes were seen in the lymphoid tissue areas of the foetal haemal nodes, in the germinal centre of the lymph follicles of the adult haemal nodes and in their lymphatic cords. CD79acy positive cells were less in number while S-100 protein was positive in both lymph follicles and in sinuses of the adult haemal nodes. In foetal haemal nodes, cells positive for S-100 protein were more prevalent in the sinuses. For the MAC387 primary antibody, there were positive macrophages seen in the capsule and trabeculae of the haemal nodes, located denser in males. Macrophage cells in the lymphoid structures and granulocytes in the sinuses of the haemal nodes of both adults and foetuses were positive for MAC387. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first one to define the detailed structural features immunohistochemically in the haemal nodes of the roe deer. Even it's concluded that the results were similar with the other ruminants, it's also pointed out that there are certain differences among the foetal, adult male and female haemal nodes of the roe deer. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 2: 266-271).

Immunohistochemical investigation of endometrial leukocytes in implantation period in rats with streptozotosin-induced diabetes.

Our first aim was to determine the total leukocyte profile in implantation. Second aim was to detect the changes in uterine leukocyte profile in diabetes, a common accompanying disease. For this purpose 4 groups are formed with Wistar albino rats weighing 250-300 g. Two of the groups were non-diabetic and two of them were diabetic. One of the diabetic and one of the non-diabetic groups were left pregnant. Then uterus tissues of pregnant animals were removed in the 5th and 7th days of pregnancy together with tissues of other two non-pregnant groups. Tissues were analyzed immunohistochemically with antibodies CD45, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56, CD68 and CD79a. It was revealed that pregnancy increased immune staining of CD68, CD3, CD45 and CD56 in endometrium. In addition it was observed that immune staining density of CD68, CD45 and CD56 decreased in diabetes. In the histopathological examination, significant degeneration was detected in the endometrium of diabetic rats. Diabetes could decrease leukocyte proportions in decidua in early pregnancy periods. Therefore immune cell therapies could be administrated in diabetes related problems of pregnancy.

Unusual case of extraovarian granulosa cell tumor.

We present a case of adult type extraovarian granulosa cell tumor in 22 years old woman. The pelvic and radiographic examination revealed right adnexial solid mass in patient who complaining from menstrual disregulation and pelvic pain. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy which showed pelvic mass adjacent urinary bladder and fixed to the behind of pubic bone at pre-peritoneal area.

The localization of CD3, CD79a, CD68 and S100 protein immunoreactive cells in hemal nodes of Saanen goat (Capra hircus).

We investigated the structure of hemal nodes in Saanen goats using immunohistochemical staining. We examined the distribution of CD3 positive T lymphocytes, CD79a positive B lymphocytes, CD68 positive macrophages and S100 protein positive follicular dendritic cells. Hemal nodes of six healty adult female goats were used. Hemal nodes were removed from the thoracic and abdominal cavities. The oval to round hemal nodes were observed especially between the abdominal aorta and vena cava, and near the kidneys and adrenal glands. Tissue sections were stained with Crossmon's modified triple stain to demonstrate general histological structure. The avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique using anti-CD3, anti-CD79a, anti-CD68 and anti-S100 primary antibodies was used for immunohistochemistry. Many CD3 positive T lymphocytes were found in the germinal center of the lymph follicles and in the lymphatic cords of hemal nodes; CD3 positive cells also were observed in the sinuses. CD79a and CD68 positive cells were found at the germinal center of the lymph follicles. In the lymph follicles near the subcapsular sinuses, CD79a and CD68 positive cells were found especially in e areas bordering the mantle zone. S100 positive cells were found in the lymph follicles, lymphatic cords and sinuses.

Destructive membranous periodontal disease (ligneous periodontitis): a case report and 3 years follow-up.

Destructive membranous periodontal disease is a rare, destructive and poorly defined entity, which is the part of a systemic disease due to plasminogen deficiency and fibrin deposition. The disease is characterised by gingival enlargement and periodontal tissue destruction that leads to rapid tooth loss despite treatment attempts. Biopsy is essential to rule out other periodontal disease in the differential diagnosis.

Histological and immunohistochemical studies of the structure of lymph nodes in Kilis goats.

Ten healthy adult Kilis goat mesenteric lymph nodes were used to examine the general structure of lymph nodes, lymphocytes, plasma cells, reticular cells and reticular fibers using histological methods. We also detected T lymphocytes using anti-CD3 [SP7], anti-CD4 [74-12-4], mouse anti-bovine CD4 [CC30] and mouse anti-bovine CD8 [CC63] monoclonal antibodies (mAb); and B lymphocytes using anti-CD79a [HM57] mAb, macrophages using anti-macrophage [MAC387] mAb and follicular dendritic cells using anti-S100 polyclonal antibody (pAb). The distribution of these cells also was studied. Although the primer antibodies we used for CD3, CD8, CD79a, MAC387 and S100 worked well, the primer antibodies for CD4 were ineffective for paraffin embedded goat lymph nodes.

Relationship between penile size and somatometric parameters in 2276 healthy young men.

The aim of this study was to determine the average penile length of a group of healthy, young Turkish men, and to investigate the relationship between penile length and somatometric parameters in the same group. The flaccid and stretched length and circumference of the penis was measured in a group of 2276 physically normal, young men. The correlation between penile length and weight, height and body mass index (BMI) of the participants was determined by Pearson's analysis. The mean age of the participants was 21.1 ± 3.1 (18-39) years. The mean flaccid, fully stretched and circumferential length of the participants' penises were 8.95 ± 1.04, 13.98 ± 1.58 and 8.89 ± 0.86 cm, respectively. There was a significant relationship between all of these variables (P<0.01). Although weak positive correlations were found between the mean circumference length and BMI, there were no correlations between both the flaccid and stretched lengths and BMI. The penile length must be known to be able to determine the abnormal penile sizes and to make convenient decisions in the counseling and/or treatment of people with short penis concerns. Our study provides mean penile lengths in a large sample of healthy, young Turkish men, and the penile dimensions were found to be weakly correlated with somatometric parameters.

No evidence of depression, anxiety, and sexual dysfunction following penile fracture.

There is a gap in the literature about psychological status of patients following penile fracture surgery. We aimed to assess the long-term psychological status of penile fracture patients who have been treated by immediate surgical repair. A total of 32 patients with penile fracture have been treated surgically at our center. These 32 patients and 30 healthy control subjects were included in the study. All participants have completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Glombok-Rust Inventory of Satisfaction Scale (GRISS), and the premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT). The mean age of patients was 30.4 years and the mean body mass index was 27.3 kg m(-2). Sexual intercourse was the most common cause of the fracture. Immediate surgical repair was performed in all cases using a circumferential subcoronal incision and none of the patients had urethral injury intraoperatively. All tears were unilateral with a mean size of 1.5 cm. Only two patients had superficial dorsal vein rupture. At the day of assessment, the mean time elapsed after penile trauma was 15.9±6.3 months (range: 6-23). Only three patients had complications due to penile fracture including minimal penile curvature, penile nodule, and penile pain during intercourse. The mean scores obtained from PEDT, HADS, and GRISS did not show any statistically significant difference between groups. Anxiety, depression, premature ejaculation, and sexual dyssatisfaction levels were similar in both penile fracture patients who underwent immediate surgical repair and healthy control subjects. Immediate surgical repair of corporal ruptures have not shown any harmful psychogenic sequelae on patients with penile fracture.

Morphology of haemal nodes in the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus).

The present study was aimed at the determination of the morphology of haemal nodes in the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). The morphology of haemal nodes located in the abdominal and thoracic cavities of six roe deer (two adult male, two adult female and two foetuses) was studied by gross inspection and histological methods. Oval- and round-shaped haemal nodes with colours varying from pink to dark red were observed particularly between the abdominal aorta and caudal vena cava, and at the beginning of the main branches of the abdominal aorta. These nodes, having connection only with blood vessels, were covered with a thin or thick capsule of connective tissue in the foetus and the adult respectively. Trabeculae were not observed in foetal nodes. In adults, the capsule, trabeculae and, in particular, the sinuses were strongly supported by reticular fibres and cells. The morphology of these nodes displayed similarity to that of other ruminant species.

Is there an impact of postoperative urethral and periurethral anatomical features in post-radical retropubic prostatectomy incontinence?

OBJECTIVES: To determine the anatomical changes in urethral and periurethral tissues after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and correlate these changes to continence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 14 patients with grade 2-5 incontinence and 16 continent (grade 1) patients who had undergone non-nerve-sparing RRP for clinically localized prostatic carcinoma were evaluated. The sphincteric urethral length, transverse and craniocaudal diameters of both levator ani muscles and the volume of periurethral fibrosis were determined by abdominopelvic MRI. Continent (group 1) and incontinent (group 2) groups were compared in terms of sphincteric urethral length, transverse and craniocaudal diameters of levator ani muscles, volume of periurethral fibrosis, prostate volume, age and pathological stage. RESULTS: Among all the evaluated parameters, a statistically significant correlation was found only between the volume of periurethral fibrosis and the number of postoperative operations for urethral strictures in the incontinent group (p = 0.013, r = 0.859). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the postoperative sphincteric urethral length is not the sole factor in regaining continence after RRP as mentioned in the literature.