[Urine incontinence referral criteria for primary care]. / Criterios de derivación en incontinencia urinaria para atención primaria.

Despite the high incidence of urinary incontinence (UI), health professional awareness of this disease is low, which in itself is not serious but significantly limits the lives of the patients. The Primary Care associations, Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria [SEMERGEN], Sociedad Española de Médicos Generales y de Familia [SEMG], Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria [semFYC]) along with the Asociación Española de Urología (EAU) have developed this consensus with the proposal of making GPs aware, and to help them in the diagnosis, treatment and referral to Urologists. The first goal in primary care must be the detection of UI, thus an opportunistic screening at least once in the lifetime of asymptomatic women > 40 years old and asymptomatic men > 55 years old. The diagnosis, based on medical history and physical examination, must determine the type and severity of the UI in order to refer severe cases to the Urologist. Except for overactive bladder (OAB), non-pharmacological conservative treatment is the first approach to uncomplicated UI in females and males. Antimuscarinics are the only drugs that have demonstrated efficacy and safety in urge urinary incontinence (UUI) and OAB. In men with mixed symptoms, excluding severe obstruction cases, a combination therapy of alpha-blockers and antimuscarinics should be chosen.

[Early detection or screening in the prevention of prostate cancer?] / ¿Detección precoz o cribado en la prevención del cáncer de próstata?

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common malignancy in men in the developed world and the second leading cause of cancer death in men in the USA, behind lung cancer. In Europe, it is the third leading cause of cancer death in men (after lung and colorectal cancers). The role of PC screening is currently being questioned. The following article summarises the most relevant epidemiological aspects of PC, as well as major clinical trials of PC screening, and recommendations of the various medical scientific associations on whether or not to screen for PC.

[Relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms in men and erectile dysfunction]. / Relación entre los síntomas del tracto urinario inferior en el varón y la disfunción eréctil.

The relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED) is the result of their greater association in advanced age. Nevertheless, several investigations show that urinary tract symptoms have an independent relationship with sexual dysfunction and lower satisfaction. Likewise, the severity of LUTS correlates with the magnitude of sexual dysfunction, which suggests a possible causal relationship. The combined therapeutic approach of these 2 entities (ED and LUTS) brings a benefit to the patient both in urinary symptoms and sexual sphere. This review focuses on the relationship between ED, LUTS due to benign prostatic hyperplasia, and related therapies.

[Update on the medical treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men]. / Actualización en el tratamiento médico de los síntomas del tracto urinario inferior en el varón.

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are a frequent cause of consultation in Primary Care, especially in men >40 years of age. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has been recognized as the most common cause of bothersome LUTS, causing significant interference with everyday activities and quality of life. The purpose of this study is to provide an update on recent developments regarding the medical management of male LUTS.

[Consensus document on the management and follow-up of the male with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostate hyperplasia]. / Documento de consenso sobre pautas de actuación y seguimiento del varón con síntomas del tracto urinario inferior secundarios a hiperplasia prostática benigna.

Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is a high-incidence condition. Its diagnosis and treatment is shared between urologists and Primary Care physicians. Its management uses up a significant amount of resources. The Spanish Society of Primary Care Physicians (SEMERGEN), the Spanish Society of General Practitioners and Family Doctors (SEMG), the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC), and the Spanish Association of Urology (AEU) have prepared a document on the management and monitoring of BPH, in which the aim is to incorporate the latest evidence in order to update the previously published guidelines, and present them here in condensed form. The main objective of these new recommendations is to raise the awareness of Primary Care physicians and assist them in its diagnostic evaluation, treatment and monitoring, as well as providing unified consensus criteria for referral to the secondary care level.

[The medical history taking in sexual health: skills and attitudes]. / La anamnesis en la historia clínica en salud sexual: habilidades y actitudes.

A sexual satisfactory life favourably affects quality of life, there being evidence that shows there are multiple organic processes of which sexual dysfunction is often a precocious sign of underlying organic disease (cardiovascular, endocrinological or neurological). Difficulties exist in recording the sexual anamnesis on the part of the professional, the patient, or by the health system. Nevertheless, given its importance, it is necessary for the doctor to adopt an attitude of active search, especially among the population of risk. To do this, it is necessary that the situation is propitious (sense of the opportunity), preserving the confidentiality of the meeting, and it will be carried out naturally and with empathy, adopting a listening attitude, taking into account the non-verbal language, without issuing valued judgments, and resorting to assertivity to overcome the resistances. This article proposes guidelines to perform an anamnesis adequately.

[Urine incontinence referral criteria for primary care]. / Criterios de derivación en incontinencia urinaria para atención primaria.

Despite the high incidence of urinary incontinence (UI), health professional awareness of this disease is low, which in itself is not serious but significantly limits the lives of the patients. The Primary Care associations, Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria [SEMERGEN], Sociedad Española de Médicos Generales y de Familia [SEMG], Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria [semFYC]) along with the Asociación Española de Urología (EAU) have developed this consensus with the proposal of making GPs aware, and to help them in the diagnosis, treatment and referral to Urologists. The first goal in primary care must be the detection of UI, thus an opportunistic screening at least once in the lifetime of asymptomatic women > 40 years old and asymptomatic men > 55 years old. The diagnosis, based on medical history and physical examination, must determine the type and severity of the UI in order to refer severe cases to the Urologist. Except for overactive bladder (OAB), non-pharmacological conservative treatment is the first approach to uncomplicated UI in females and males. Antimuscarinics are the only drugs that have demonstrated efficacy and safety in urge urinary incontinence (UUI) and OAB. In men with mixed symptoms, excluding severe obstruction cases, a combination therapy of alpha-blockers and antimuscarinics should be chosen.

[Referral criteria for benign prostatic hyperplasia in primary care.Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria, Sociedad Española de Medicina General, Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria, Asociación Española de Urología]. / Criterios de derivación en hiperplasia benigna de próstata para atención primaria. Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria, Sociedad Española de Medicina General, Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria, y la Asociación Española de Urología.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a high prevalence condition in men over 50 years that requires continued assistance between primary care and urology. Therefore, consensus around common referral criteria was needed to guide and support both levels. Medical history, symptom assessment with International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire, digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurement are diagnostic tests available for general practitioners that allow setting a correct BPH diagnose. Patients with an IPSS<8 should be monitored by evaluating them annually. Treatment with alpha-blockers and an evaluation at the first and third month is recommended in patients with an IPSS 8-20 and if the prostate is small, if the prostate size is large treatment with alpha-blockers or 5alpha-reductase inhibitors and evaluation at the third and six month is recommended, and in patients with a large prostate and a PSA >1.5 ng/ ml combined treatment and evaluation at the first and sixth month is recommended. Some clear criteria for referral to urology are established in this document, which help in the management of these patients. Those patients with BPH who do not show any improvement at the third month of treatment with alpha-blockers, or the sixth month with 5alpha-reductase inhibitors, will be referred to urology. Patients will also be referred to urology if they have lower urinary tract symptoms, a pathological finding during rectal examination, IPSS>20, PSA>10 ng/ml or PSA>4 ng/ml and free PSA<20% or if they are <50 years with suspected BHP, or if they have any urological complication.

Criterios de derivación en hiperplasia benigna de próstata para atención primaria / Referral criteria for benign prostatic hyperplasia in primary care

La hiperplasia benigna de próstata (HPB) es una enfermedad con alta prevalencia entre los varones de más de 50 años que requiere una continuidad asistencial entre los 2 niveles existentes en nuestro país, el de atención primaria (AP) y el de atención especializada; motivo por el que era necesario consensuar unos criterios de derivación o de continuidad que sirvan de orientación a ambos colectivos. La historia clínica del paciente, el Índice Internacional de Síntomas Prostáticos (IPSS, International Prostate Symptom Score), el tacto rectal y el antígeno prostático específico (PSA, prostate-specific antigen) son herramientas accesibles en el ámbito de la AP que permiten un diagnóstico adecuado de la HBP. Conscientes de tal necesidad, las sociedades científicas de atención primaria (Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria [SEMERGEN], Sociedad Española de Medicina General [SEMG], Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria [semFYC]) y la Asociación Española de Urología (AEU) elaboraron este documento de consenso. A los pacientes con IPSS<8 se los deberá mantener en vigilancia y evaluar anualmente; en los pacientes con IPSS 8-20, si el tamaño de la próstata es pequeño, se recomienda el tratamiento con bloqueadores alfa y evaluación al primer y tercer mes, si el tamaño de la próstata es grande se recomienda el tratamiento con bloqueadores alfa o inhibidores 5-alfa-reductasa y evaluación al tercer y sexto mes, y en el caso de pacientes con próstata grande y PSA 41,5 ng/ml se recomienda el tratamiento combinado y la evaluación al primer y sexto mes. En este documento se establecen unos criterios de derivación al urólogo claros, que facilitan el tratamiento de este tipo de pacientes. Se derivarán al urólogo aquellos pacientes con HBP que no presenten mejoría al tercer mes de tratamiento con bloqueadores alfa, o al sexto mes de tratamiento con inhibidores 5-alfa-reductasa. Se derivarán también los pacientes con síntomas del tracto urinario inferior en los que se observe algún hallazgo patológico durante el tacto rectal, IPSS >20, PSA >10 ng/ml o PSA >4 ng/ml y PSA libre <20% o pacientes con edades <50 años y sospecha de HBP, así como aquellos pacientes con alguna complicación urológica(AU)

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a high prevalence condition in men over 50 years that requires continued assistance between primary care and urology. Therefore, consensus around common referral criteria was needed to guide and support both levels. Medical history, symptom assessment with International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire, digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurement are diagnostic tests available for general practitioners that allow setting a correct BPH diagnose. Patients with an IPSS<8 should be monitored by evaluating them annually. Treatment with alpha-blockers and an evaluation at the first and third month is recommended in patients with an IPSS 8-20 and if the prostate is small, if the prostate size is large treatment with alpha-blockers or 5alpha-reductase inhibitors and evaluation at the third and six month is recommended, and in patients with a large prostate and a PSA >1.5 ng/ ml combined treatment and evaluation at the first and sixth month is recommended. Some clear criteria for referral to urology are established in this document, which help in the management of these patients. Those patients with BPH who do not show any improvement at the third month of treatment with alpha-blockers, or the sixth month with 5á-reductase inhibitors, will be referred to urology. Patients will also be referred to urology if they have lower urinary tract symptoms, a pathological finding during rectal examination, IPSS>20, PSA>10 ng/ml or PSA>4 ng/ml and free PSA<20% or if they are <50 years with suspected BHP, or if they have any urological complication(AU)