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1.
Pediatr Res ; 94(2): 594-602, 2023 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36690745

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: There is no consensus on the benefits of physical activity (PA) regarding upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) among children. This study aimed to determine an association between the PA level and URTIs in preschoolers. METHODS: In 4-7-year-old participants, URTI symptoms were monitored using the Polish version of the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory System Survey for Kids. The daily number of steps, PA intensity, and sleep duration were measured with a Garmin-vivofit pedometer. The lag effect between the initial level of daily PA and the frequency of infections was evaluated. RESULTS: The average daily step count from healthy days was a significant determinant of the total number of days with the URTI symptoms, and it accounted for 44% (p < 0.001) of this variable variance. A low level of baseline PA (initial 14-day "run-in" observation period) was associated with an increased risk of URTI. In the non-sport group, the severity of the URTI symptoms depended on the number of daily steps. No significant correlation was found between sleep duration and the number of URTI days. CONCLUSION: Low levels of PA in preschoolers result in increased susceptibility to respiratory infections. Parents should encourage children to engage in PA to prevent URTIs. IMPACT: In pre-school children, higher physical activity (PA) is associated with fewer days of upper respiratory tract infection symptoms (URTIS). Children with a higher average daily step count have fewer days with URTIS over a long-term observation period. A change in the average number of steps per day by 1000 changed the number of days with symptoms of URTI by 4 days. The severity of URTIS was inversely related to the degree of PA. Children who participate in sports 3 or more hours per week have fewer URTIS than those who do not engage in sports regularly.


Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio , Humanos , Preescolar , Niño , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/epidemiología , Duración del Sueño , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Polonia
2.
BMC Public Health ; 23(1): 1335, 2023 07 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37438782

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: High levels of physical activity (PA), low levels of screen time, combined with sufficient sleep time, provide better health benefits. However, few studies have examined the association of these behaviours with academic skills. Therefore, this study aims to determine how PA, screen time, and sleep time are related to selected academic skills of 8/9-year-old children while examining compliance with the guidelines on PA, sedentary behaviour, and sleep among this population group. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 114 primary school children (50% girls) aged 8-9years old from 2nd grade. The levels of PA, screen time, and sleep were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. The selected academic skills (based on reading and writing) were assessed by a battery of methods designed to diagnose the causes of school failure in students aged 7-9. Non-linear regression was applied to build multivariate models aimed at finding the most significant predictors for the selected academic skills separately. RESULTS: Sixty-seven percent of children met the sleep guidelines, 22% met the screen time guidelines, and only 8% met PA guidelines. In terms of screen time, boys spent more time playing games than girls (p = .008). Moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) was associated with higher/better scores of the visual-auditory integration (B = -0.07, p = .040). Not meeting the sleep guidelines was associated with lower scores in visual-auditory integration among children (B = 0.12, p = .042). Children who did not meet the screen time guidelines had lower scores in perceptual-motor integration (B = -0.09, p = .040). CONCLUSIONS: Participating in PA, limiting screen time and sufficient sleep time may benefit/support academic skills in children.


Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Tiempo de Pantalla , Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Escolaridad , Sueño
3.
Health Qual Life Outcomes ; 19(1): 153, 2021 05 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34030710

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey for Kids (WURSS-K) is a self-administered questionnaire developed to evaluate the severity of the common cold. It is a patient-oriented instrument that evaluates quality of life in an illness-specific manner to be used in children aged 10 years. The purpose of this study was to validate the Polish version of the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey for Kids. METHODS: The validation process consisted of five stages: forward translation, backward translation, cognitive debriefing, a pilot study (Study A and Study B), and statistical analysis. The first study (Study A, n = 10, aged 5-13) was conducted in the Emergency Room and an Outpatient Clinic of the Pediatric University Hospital in Warsaw. The purpose of the study was to obtain data for testing the convergent validity of the questionnaire. The second study (Study B, n = 56), consisted of children aged four to six enrolled in three kindergartens in the Warsaw suburbs. The obtained data were subjected to detailed statistical analysis. RESULTS: The WURSS Kids Polish showed excellent reliability. The Cronbach's alpha of the 13 items was 0.791 for the six symptom items and 0.854 for the seven functional items. The Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test was used to evaluate criterion validity. Compliance of the measurement performed independently by the examined person and the doctor on the first day was high (convergent validity). Each particular item was characterized by a different sensitivity to clinical change. The Guyatt's Responsiveness index ranged from 0.083 to 0.464. CONCLUSION: The internal consistency of the measurements and cross-cultural adaptation of the Polish version of WURSS Kids was satisfactory. The WURSS Kids Polish is a reliable, valid, and responsive disease-specific questionnaire for assessing symptoms and QOL in Polish patients in the pediatric population with the common cold. It may be used both in clinical practice and for research among Polish children with URTI.


Asunto(s)
Calidad de Vida/psicología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/diagnóstico , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/fisiopatología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/normas , Evaluación de Síntomas/normas , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Proyectos Piloto , Polonia/epidemiología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/epidemiología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Traducciones , Wisconsin
4.
Cent Eur J Public Health ; 23(3): 252-7, 2015 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26615659

RESUMEN

AIM: This study aimed to investigate how were the peer and physical education (PE) teacher variables associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among Kosovar teenagers (13-15 years of age), and the role of age and gender in these associations. METHODS: Cross-sectional data was gathered through a study conducted in seven major municipalities of Kosovo. 632 girls (aged 14.3 ± 0.8) and 664 boys (aged 14.2 ± 0.8) were examined using the adjusted Classmate and Teacher Support Scale and the Physical Activity Screening measure. A three-way (support*age*gender) ANOVA was used to compare the individuals' MVPA level with the different levels of support they received, with different age in groups of girls and boys. RESULTS: Boys reported higher levels of MVPA than girls in all age categories. A higher level of MVPA was reported by boys receiving high or medium support from classmates. In case of PE teacher support, high, medium and even low support correlated with high MVPA in all age categories. In girls only 13 year olds reported receiving high levels of both classmate and PE teachers support which correlated with a higher level of MVPA. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that engagement in MVPA among young Kosovar adolescents is relatively high in boys, regardless of the level of classmate or PE teacher support, whereas in girls the level of MVPA decreased over their time at school. Support from both classmates and PE teachers turned out to be the most significant factor in 13 years old girls, before they moved from primary to secondary school. This issue requires more detailed insight, considering traditional ethnical and religious barriers to engagement of young female adolescents in physical activity.


Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Docentes , Grupo Paritario , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico , Apoyo Social , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Kosovo/epidemiología , Factores Sexuales
5.
J Appl Meas ; 16(4): 379-400, 2015.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26771567

RESUMEN

This article describes the development and validation of the Attitudes toward Physical Activity Scale (APAS) to measure the attitudes, beliefs, and self-efficacy toward physical activity by children at the primary school level. The framework included: physical fitness, self-efficacy, personal best goal orientation in physical activity, interest in physical activity, importance of physical activity, benefits of physical activity, contributions of video exercise to learning in school subjects, contributions of video exercise to learning about health and environmental support. The sample comprised of 630 school students between grades 1 and 7 from five countries, namely Lithuania (29%), Poland (26%), Serbia (19%), Singapore (16%) and Zimbabwe (11%). Rasch analysis found empirical evidence in support of measurement validity of the APAS in terms of Rasch item reliabilities, unidimensionality, effectiveness of response categories, and absence of gender differential item functioning (DIF). The validation of the APAS according to the Rasch model meant that a dependable tool was established for gauging programme effectiveness of intervention programs on physical activity of primary school children in classroom settings at various geographical locations globally.


Asunto(s)
Actitud , Ejercicio Físico , Psicometría , Adolescente , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Autoeficacia , Estudiantes
6.
Front Public Health ; 11: 978479, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36778551

RESUMEN

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Brainballs on the physical fitness of 2nd-grade students at a primary school in Vietnam during and eight months after the experiment. Methods: The study included 55 pupils (23 boys and 32 girls) aged seven years. The study design was a pedagogical experiment with a parallel-group technique, including experimental and control groups. The examination was carried out in 2019/2020 in three terms pre- (September 2019), post- (January 2020), and follow-up (September 2020). Physical fitness was tested with the use of the International Physical Fitness Test. The Brainball program, conducted twice a week for 35 minutes, combined physical education (PE) with subject-related content, utilizing 100 balls with painted letters, numbers, and signs. Results: Results show that the fitness level was not increased significantly after 20 weeks of the intervention program, neither in experimental nor control groups. However, it significantly improved eight months later at the follow-up examination. The analysis of covariance indicated that pupils from the experimental group improved significantly on most physical fitness as compared to the control group, specifically on the following tests: 50-meter running (p = 0.0044), toe touch (p = 0.0137), standing long jump (p = 0.0076), 4 × 10 m sprint (p = 0.0333), hand strength (p = 0.0233). Conclusions: These results have shown long-term positive effects of the use of "Brainball" educational balls in physical education classes on the physical fitness development of students, especially in the qualities of speed, strength, and flexibility.


Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Aptitud Física , Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Vietnam , Instituciones Académicas
7.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness ; 63(7): 864-872, 2023 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37067247

RESUMEN

In this article we focus on moral issues related to sport and e-sport. We attempt to identify the role that contemporary sport and e-sport play in the education of young people. To this end, we analyse the axiological foundations of both types of sport. In our opinion, there is a difference in the impact of e-sport and sport (especially Olympic sport) as carriers of values. Sport, properly conducted in the educational process, can positively influence the moral and biological/physical development of human beings, mobilizing them to physical activity appropriate to the discipline. This important element is basically missing in e-sports. Moreover, in the process of sports training, the athlete is supported by a coach who can explain both positive and negative phenomena occurring during this process. In e-sports, the role of the coach is limited to creating game tactics and maximizing the outcome of the competition, and the question of who teaches young players in both types of sports what is morally right and wrong remains open.


Asunto(s)
Deportes , Humanos , Adolescente , Escolaridad , Atletas , Ejercicio Físico , Principios Morales
8.
Children (Basel) ; 9(6)2022 Jun 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35740818

RESUMEN

We evaluated the effectiveness of a 15-week intervention that increased from three to five lessons of physical education (PE) a week on 7-year-old boys' and girls' physical fitness (PF), physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour on week and weekend days. A total of 212 first grade pupils (mean age 6.95 ± 0.43) from two urban schools in Poznan were randomly assigned to the experimental or control groups. The PF was measured with a battery of field tests, while health-related behaviours were assessed with the Healthy Children in Sound Communities questionnaire. There were some interaction effects noticed in the PF scores in the case of a 20-min run for boys (F2,196 = 5.29, p = 0.0058) and for girls (F2,220 = 3.31, p = 0.0382) and the sit-ups test for boys (F2,196 = 1.93, p = 0.1478) and for girls (F2,220 = 3.98, p = 0.0201) and for the sit and reach test in the case of girls (F2,220 = 3.98, p = 0.0201). In terms of outdoor PA levels, there were no major differences between any of the examined groups. Differences were found between girls from the experimental and control groups in the post-test (p = 0.0107) and follow-up (p = 0.0390) during the weekdays, with no differences between the groups of boys. Despite the moderate effects of the extended PE time programme right after the intervention, there were some indications of progress in the follow-up experiments.

9.
Scand J Public Health ; 39(7): 704-13, 2011 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21948996

RESUMEN

AIMS: In this paper we evaluate the sustainability of changes of involvement in physical activity. The paper examines the effectiveness of a model aiming at influencing the frequency of leisure time physical activity, physical fitness and body constituency in youth. METHODS: The baseline of this study was a randomly selected sample of 13 year olds who participated in an intervention programme carried out in three schools in Poznan in 2005-08. From a total of 199 adolescent boys a subsample of 38 individuals from the experimental group and 34 from the control group were followed for 15 months after the interventional programme finished. From 170 girls, a subsample of 33 from the experimental group and 32 girls from the control group were also randomly selected for the follow-up study. Among the variables monitored were: physical fitness, body constituency, and frequency of leisure time physical activity. All the variables were monitored in pre-test, post-test and follow-up examinations. RESULTS: It was established that 15 months after the end of the interventional programme boys and girls from the intervention groups maintained a higher level of leisure time physical activity than their control group peers, and similarly in the case of selected health-related components of physical fitness. No distinctive differences were found in the case of body constituency, though, apart from muscle mass and the sum of skinfolds in girls. CONCLUSIONS: The study exposed an increase in leisure time physical activity in time and a positive influence on selected components of health-related variables. The findings confirm the effectiveness of a multi-level intervention programme involving self-determined out-of-school physical activity planning for school-age youths, indicating the importance of personal and social context.


Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Promoción de la Salud , Estado de Salud , Actividad Motora , Aptitud Física , Adolescente , Constitución Corporal/fisiología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Humanos , Actividades Recreativas , Masculino , Actividad Motora/fisiología , Aptitud Física/fisiología , Polonia , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Grosor de los Pliegues Cutáneos
10.
Minerva Pediatr (Torino) ; 73(5): 405-413, 2021 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27706121

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The goal was to examine the influence of sensory integration therapy (SIT) on one leg standing in children with deficits of the postural stability. METHODS: 28 children 4-6 year old that could not stand on one leg for more than 20 seconds were randomly divided into control "C" and experimental "E" groups. Group "C" participated in standard classes in the kindergarten. Group "E" participated in sensory integration therapy (SIT) for 2 weeks, 5 times a week (additionally to the standard classes). RESULTS: Results of the experiment show that the skill of standing on one leg has significantly improved (P<0.01) in the group that underwent additional therapy. The change in time of standing on the right leg with eyes open in the E group was statistically and significantly higher than the changes observed in the same time in group C (F=22.5, P=0.001' η2=0.44). Similarly, significant changes in time of standing on the right leg with eyes closed were observed in group E. The foregoing changes were bigger in group E than in group C (F=16. 1, P=0.004, η2=0.36). The analysis post hoc revealed that while there were no significant differences between the two groups on the pretest (P>0.05), there were significant differences between groups in right leg standing test with eyes open or closed on posttest. (P<0.05). Similar results were observed during on the one, left leg standing. The time of one leg standing with both eyes open and closed improved more significantly in group E than in group C (F=20.4, P=0.001, η2=0.42 respectively for the test with eyes open and F=7.4, P=0.010, η2=0.21 for the test with eyes closed). The analysis post hoc revealed that while there were no significant differences between the two groups on the pretest (P>0.05), there were significant differences between groups in left leg standing test with eyes open or closed on posttest (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Research conducted show that there is a positive influence of SIT on children with low level of postural stability. Its significant improvement in children with low levels of postural stability is important not only for the current functioning of those children but for their future - by protecting them from falling down and from injuries.


Asunto(s)
Equilibrio Postural , Posición de Pie , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Pierna
11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33535474

RESUMEN

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the BRAINballs program on second graders' gross motor skills in a primary school in Vietnam. A total of 55 students (23 boys and 32 girls) aged seven years participated in the study. The research used the method of a pedagogical experiment and parallel group technique (experimental and control group) with pre- and post-testing. The study was conducted in the school year 2019/2020. The gross motor skills performance was assessed by the Test of Gross Motor Development-2nd Edition. The BRAINballs program was conducted twice a week and combined physical activity with subject-related contents by means of a set of 100 balls with painted letters, numbers, and signs. The results showed that the experimental and control groups improved their motor skills after one school year (p < 0.001). However, the analysis of covariance demonstrated that students from the experimental group, compared to students from the control group, showed significantly better scores in both subtests: locomotor (p = 0.0000) and object control skills (p = 0.0000). The findings of this study show that the BRAINballs program had a positive effect on children's motor performances and may help to better understand the development of basic motor skills of seven-year-old students in Vietnam.


Asunto(s)
Destreza Motora , Instituciones Académicas , Niño , Ejercicio Físico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudiantes , Vietnam
12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32722060

RESUMEN

The study examined the moral competence levels in adolescents participating in individual/team sports compared with those not undertaking sports at all. In total, 827 students aged 15-17 years old (45.4% boys, 54.6% girls) from randomly selected secondary schools in the Wielkopolska region in Poland participated in the study. The moral competences were assessed using the Lind's Moral Competence Test. The students also answered questions concerning their statues of involvement in sport (not involved; amateur; professional), years of involvement, and the type of sport they partook in (individual/team). The results highlight that the moral competence level in most of the examined adolescents (71.6% girls, 76.8% boys) was low. Those who presented a high moral competence level were 10.4% in girls, 8% in boys. There was no interaction between modes of involvement in sport and moral competence when comparing adolescents. The moral competence levels were not correlated with years of training in either mode of involvement or with type of sports. Therefore, we assume that, at this age, the type of sport and the level of engagement do not differentiate moral competence level and that there must be more factors contributing to this. This opens new directions for further research on the role of external factors stimulating the socio-moral growth of youth.


Asunto(s)
Desarrollo del Adolescente , Principios Morales , Deportes , Adolescente , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Polonia , Instituciones Académicas
13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32050548

RESUMEN

The transition from kindergarten to school is associated with a variety of negative changes. After entry to elementary school physical activity level decreases. Moreover, physical fitness level of children over the past decades have rapidly declined. Children are spending an increasing amount of time in the environments that require constant sitting. We evaluated the differences between boys and girls in physical fitness, frequency of undertaking of different forms of physical activity, prevalence of underweight and overweight, and time spent on sedentary behavior. A total of 212 first grade pupils (mean age 6.95 ± 0.43) from two standard urban schools in Poznan participated in the study. Compared to girls, boys obtained better results in 20-meter run (4.9 s and 5.0 s, p < 0.01), sit-ups (16.8 and 15.3, p < 0.05), six-minute run (829.7 m and 766.4 m, p < 0.001), and standing broad jump (106.8 cm and 99.7 cm, p < 0.01). In the sit-and-reach test girls achieved higher results than boys (17.0 cm and 14.4 cm, p < 0.001). There were no gender differences in prevalence of underweight and overweight. In conclusions, difference between genders should be taken into consideration during designing physical activity programs in the aspects of intensity and forms of physical activities.


Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Aptitud Física , Conducta Sedentaria , Índice de Masa Corporal , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Sobrepeso
14.
Arch Public Health ; 78: 106, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33110599

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine adolescents' perceptions of parental, teacher, and peer support for physical activity, and to examine the associations between these perceptions and physical activity behavior. METHODS: The study included 902 secondary school students, who completed the Short Scale of Youth's Social Support Assessment (SSYSS). The level of physical activity - more specifically, moderate to vigorous physical activity - was measured using a Physical Activity Screening Measure. The associations were examined by a five-step hierarchical regression. Body mass index (BMI) was defined using the LMS method, which summarizes the distribution of BMI by age and gender in terms of three curves, L (lambda), M (mu), and S (sigma), and was based on a nationally representative sample of Polish children and adolescents. RESULTS: The study indicated a positive correlation between MVPA (moderate to vigorous physical activity) and three sources of social support; however, in the regression model, this explained only part of the variance. In the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, MVPA level was predicted by five variables involvement in sports training, teachers support, parents support, gender and BMI. The direct effects for teachers and parents support were similar. This demonstrates that both teachers' and parents' social support exert influence on adolescent MVPA. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this research suggest that school-based interventions for adolescents should specifically take into consideration family, teachers, and peers as important sources of social support for general physical activity promotion that aims to increase its levels.

15.
Biomed Res Int ; 2020: 4636271, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32420345

RESUMEN

Left handers have long held the edge over right handers in one-on-one interactive combat sports. Particularly in fencing, top rankings show a relatively strong overrepresentation of left handers over right handers. Whether this can be attributed to perceptual strategies used by fencers in their bouts remains to be established. This study aims to verify whether right-handed fencers assess their opponents' behaviour based on different perceptual strategies when fencing a left vs. right hander. Twelve top-level (i.e., Olympic fencers, Junior World Team Fencing Champions, and top Polish senior foil fencers) right-handed female foil fencers (aged 16-30 years) took part in the study. They performed a total of 40 actions: 10 repetitions of offensive actions (attack) and 10 repetitions of defensive actions (defence), each type of action performed under 2 conditions (right- vs. left-handed opponent). While the participants were fencing, their eye movements were being recorded with a remote eye-tracker (SMI ETG 2.0). Both in their offensive and defensive actions, the fencers produced more fixations to the armed hand and spent more time observing the armed hand in duels with a left-handed (vs. right-handed) opponent. In defence, it was also the guard that attracted more fixations and gained a longer observation time in bouts with a left hander. In duels with a right-handed opponent, a higher number of fixations in attack and in defence, and longer observation times in defence were found for the upper torso. The results may point to different perceptual strategies employed in bouts with left- vs. right-handed individuals. The findings from this study may help to promote the implementation of specialized perceptual training programmes in foil fencing.


Asunto(s)
Movimientos Oculares/fisiología , Lateralidad Funcional/fisiología , Desempeño Psicomotor/fisiología , Deportes/fisiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Adulto Joven
16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32503321

RESUMEN

Family time may have an influence on children's physical activity (PA) participation or may contribute to increased sedentary behaviour. The aim of this paper was to examine whether spending family time is associated with the PA of children aged 10-11. Cross-sectional data on 158 primary school children (80 girls and 78 boys) with a mean age of 10.6 ± 0.49 years were collected. Weight and height were used to calculate body mass index. The level of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was determined with a physical activity screening measure. Participants wore a Vivofit® wrist band activity tracker to measure their daily number of steps. The Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children questionnaire was used to obtain information from children about the frequency of activities undertaken by the family. Analyses entailed descriptive statistics of the total sample and by gender, t-test, and the Mann-Whitney U-test to examine the gender differences and Spearman's correlation coefficients. It was found that 32.3% of the children did not accomplish at least 60 min per day on ≥5 of the seven days and more than 75.9% of them did not accumulate at least 12,000 or more steps daily. More boys than girls tended to be sufficiently active and met the guideline of at least 60 min per day on ≥5 of the seven days (70.5% and 65.0%, respectively) or 12,000 steps per day (25.8% and 10.0%, respectively). The number of steps during the weekday was significantly and inversely associated both in girls and in boys with active family time (r = -0.27 and r = -0.25, respectively), and with total family time (r = -0.28) and non-active family time (r = -0.25) only in boys. Average MVPA was also inversely correlated with active family time (r = -0.31), non-active family time (r = -0.24), and total family time (r = -0.29) in boys. The correlation effect size values ranged between small to medium significant differences for these measures. The findings underscore the need for community-based PA programmes designed for whole families to meet the recommended PA of children and also to develop and promote active leisure activities among families.


Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Actividades Recreativas , Masculino , Instituciones Académicas , Conducta Sedentaria
17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32013174

RESUMEN

This paper reports the results of an experiment that aimed to study transfer training in fencing. Fencers from the experimental group underwent six-week transfer training while those from the control group underwent regular fencing training. The fencers' performance was analyzed thrice: before the experimental training (pretest), immediately after it (posttest), and four weeks after it (retention test). Using a device that simulates fencing moves and analyzes the accuracy of such performance, participants completed, with both hands, three tests related to straight thrust accuracy. While no differences in hand grip strength was observed between the two groups across the three tests, significant differences occurred in terms of their performance on the device. The groups did not differ in the pretests and the retention tests. However, the fencers from the experimental group generally performed better in postests than prestests. These results show that bilateral transfer can be effective in foil fencing training, although its positive effects are short-term. In order to be effective, transfer training should be used as a regular training tool.


Asunto(s)
Rendimiento Atlético/fisiología , Fuerza de la Mano , Mano , Deportes/fisiología , Lateralidad Funcional , Humanos , Destreza Motora
18.
Ann Agric Environ Med ; 26(2): 341-349, 2019 Jun 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31232069

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a serious health problem in nearly all regions of Europe. During the last four decades, the percentage of obese people increased four times among men and twice among women, reaching a global epidemic scale as the biggest health-related issue in the developed and developing countries. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to assess the epidemiological situation of obesity, according to gender among adults in Europe, compared with other regions and selected worldwide countries, as well as to devise a forecast for the near future based on analysis results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An overview was performed of the World Health Organization (WHO) statistical database in 1999-2016, concerning obesity prevalence among people over the age of 20 across 28 countries of the European Union. A forecast for the years 2020 and 2030 was prepared by evaluation of gradients for trendline equations. Moreover, some of the world regions, as well as individual countries, five per region, were collated and analyzed to prepare the forecast. RESULTS: The percentage of obese people in the countries of the European Union continues to increase every year. The dynamics of obesity growth in Europe is greater for men than for women (3.09% per year vs. 1.92% per year). With the growth rate remaining at the estimated level, in 2030 there will probably be more obese men (38.1%) than women (32.7%) in Poland, and in Europe likewise - 36.6% and 32.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity has become a major epidemiological problem and an undisputable health problem not only in Poland and other European countries, but worldwide.


Asunto(s)
Obesidad/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Unión Europea/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Organización Mundial de la Salud , Adulto Joven
19.
Biomed Res Int ; 2019: 4313451, 2019.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31380424

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The study purpose was to investigate the level of moral competences and prosocial behaviours in a physical activity (PA) context and differences between first year freshman students enrolled in both the physical education and sport coaching majors. METHODS: We draw on data from students of the Faculties of Physical Education (109) and Sport (94) at Poznan University of Physical Education. For measurement, Lind's Moral Competence Test was used. Comparative analysis of differences between the groups was undertaken with the use of Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric analysis of variance was used for further analysis. RESULTS: The results show that there were no significant differences between the examined students in majority of the characteristics. Students comply with the recommended levels of physical activity, but 70% present low level of moral competences. Parents were the most influential factors in moral development across levels of competences and genders. More years of sports training showed a positive relationship with moral development (only in the group of male students with high level of moral competency). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings, it is recommended to consider the changes in physical education and sport students education training programmes which should include more critical reflection and life-long learning competences.


Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico , Deportes/psicología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Juicio , Aprendizaje , Masculino , Principios Morales , Conducta Sedentaria , Estudiantes de Medicina , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto Joven
20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31035596

RESUMEN

Currently, there is no consensus regarding the benefits of physical activity in terms of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) among different age groups of children. The number of school students avoiding physical education is on the rise. Children of all ages spend more time on sedentary behavior, eat less nutritious food and spend less time sleeping. All of these concomitant aspects adversely affect the immune system. A coexisting problem of a growing society is a large number of URTIs which is the main reason for general practitioner intervention. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a correlation between the frequency of respiratory tract infections and the level of physical exercise in a cohort of pre-school children. This will be a cross-sectional, short-term study conducted on a single study population. We aim to recruit four-, to seven-year-old children who will be receiving activity monitoring devices for 24 h a day for 40 days. Daily step count, mean intensity of physical exercise and sleep duration will be measured. Simultaneously, their parents will receive a series of 60 questionnaires, one questionnaire per day, for the daily assessment of upper respiratory infection (URI) symptoms. Our study conducted on a cohort of healthy pre-school children using uniform tools, aims to scientifically establish and quantify the relationship between physical activity and health outcomes over a specified period of time.


Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/fisiopatología , Conducta Sedentaria , Sueño , Estudiantes , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Instituciones Académicas , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Dispositivos Electrónicos Vestibles
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