Pityriasis rosea in a hepatitis B-positive patient treated with pegylated interferon α2a: report of a case and review of the literature.

Pityriasis rosea (PR) is an acute, self-limiting exanthematous disease caused by the endogenous reactivation of human herpesvirus (HHV)-6 and/or HHV-7 infection in conditions of altered immunity. In addition, many drugs have been incriminated as possible triggers of PR-like eruptions, characterized by clinical, morphological and histopathological features that differ from typical PR. Here, we report a case of PR in a patient with chronic hepatitis B, receiving pegylated interferon α2a (PEG-IFN-α2a). PR, arising after the second administration of the PEG-IFN-α2a, might be considered a clinical expression of the patient's altered immune condition as reported in the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome affecting patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection after high-dose antiretroviral therapy.

Adalimumab is more effective than azathioprine and mesalamine at preventing postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: Postsurgical recurrence of Crohn's disease (CD) is very frequent and, to date, only infliximab has been shown to be useful in preventing it. The efficacy of adalimumab (ADA) is poorly known. We evaluated whether the administration of ADA after resective intestinal surgery reduces postoperative CD recurrence. METHODS: We randomly assigned 51 patients with CD who had undergone ileocolonic resection to receive after 2 weeks from surgery ADA at the dose of 160/80/40 mg every two weeks, azathioprine (AZA) at 2 mg/kg/day, or mesalamine at 3 g/day, and they were followed up for 2 years. The primary end point was the proportion of patients with endoscopic and clinical recurrence. Secondary end point was the assessment of quality of life by means of a previously validated questionnaire. RESULTS: The rate of endoscopic recurrence was significantly lower in ADA (6.3%) compared with the AZA (64.7%; odds ratio (OR)=0.036 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.004-0.347)) and mesalamine groups (83.3%; OR=0.013 (95% CI 0.001-0.143)). There was a significantly lower proportion of patients in clinical recurrence in the ADA group (12.5%) compared with the AZA (64.7%; OR=0.078 (95% CI 0.013-0.464)) and mesalamine groups (50%; (OR=0.143 (95% CI 0.025-0.819)). The quality of life was higher in the ADA (202) than in the AZA (90; OR=0.028 (95% CI 0.004-0.196)) and mesalamine groups (98; OR=0.015 (95% CI 0.002-0.134)). CONCLUSIONS: The administration of ADA after intestinal resective surgery was greatly effective in preventing endoscopic and clinical recurrence of CD. Further larger studies are necessary to confirm the therapeutic advantage and to show the economic implications of biologic therapy in this field.

The Use of Social Media to Recruit Participants With Rare Conditions: Lynch Syndrome as an Example.

BACKGROUND: Social media is increasingly being used as a means of recruiting participants, particularly for investigators whose areas of interest involve rare conditions or hard-to-reach populations. However, much of the literature to date has focused on paid advertisement recruitment. OBJECTIVE: We used Lynch syndrome (LS), a rare hereditary cancer syndrome, as a model to demonstrate the successful partnership between researchers and a Web-based patient education and advocacy organization to facilitate participant recruitment. METHODS: Recruitment was undertaken in partnership with Lynch Syndrome International (LSI), an advocacy organization with a strong social media presence. After LSI published our study information, participants followed up via email or phone call. Following prescreening and consent, interested and eligible participants were then sent a secure survey link. RESULTS: Within 36 hours of a single Facebook post by the site administrators for LSI, over 150 individuals responded via phone or email. Sixty-five individuals were sent the survey link and 57 individuals completed the survey (88% response rate). Of note, these 57 individuals were geographically diverse within the Unites States, representing LS patients from 26 different states. CONCLUSIONS: This approach has several advantages, including recruitment through a trusted source outside of a clinical setting, higher response rates, and cost-effectiveness with a small research team in a relatively short amount of time. Overall, social media recruitment with a trusted online partner can be highly effective in hard-to-reach clinical populations, such as patients with LS. However, this approach requires additional effort for eligibility screening.

Lynch syndrome: the patients' perspective.

People with Lynch syndrome have a high lifetime risk for the development of colorectal, endometrial and several other types of cancer. Lynch syndrome is caused by germline mutations in genes encoding DNA mismatch repair proteins. In this review, issues that concern Lynch patients are highlighted from the patients' perspective. Both authors are affected by Lynch syndrome and are active in Lynch patient organizations. The goal of this review is to assist heath care providers in the improvement of care for individuals who share our disorder. Institutional and/or national guidelines that should lead to the identification of Lynch patients have been developed in many countries. However, adherence to these guidelines is poor and the consequence is severe underdiagnosis of Lynch syndrome. An important task of patient organizations is therefore to increase awareness of Lynch syndrome among the general public and health care providers. Because diagnosis of Lynch syndrome based on family history is difficult, the use of molecular and or histological techniques that permit unequivocal diagnosis should be more aggressively promoted. Since Lynch syndrome encompasses a broad spectrum of cancers, a multidisciplinary treatment and screening protocol for all Lynch patients is necessary. Lynch patients must be seen by a team of specialists that are knowledgeable in the various manifestations of Lynch syndrome. Because tumors with mismatch repair deficiency have specific properties, identification of effective chemotherapy regimens, specifically targeted to patients with deficiencies in DNA repair mechanisms, must be developed. The high lifetime risk of developing cancer in Lynch patients warrants lifestyle advice and research into chemopreventive measures that reduce the risk of cancer in this vulnerable group. Implementation of these recommendations will result in greatly improved quality of life for people affected with Lynch syndrome, it is therefore important that health care providers and patient organizations work together to achieve these goals.

Hepatocellular carcinoma in patients without cirrhosis in Italy.

BACKGROUND: In the Western world, hepatocellular carcinoma seldom develops in patients without cirrhosis, and reports describing the characteristics of non-cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma are rather infrequent. METHODS: We evaluated the main clinical characteristics, treatment options, and survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma developed in non-cirrhotic liver among the 3027 consecutive cases of hepatocellular carcinoma accrued in the Italian Liver Cancer database during the last 20 years. RESULTS: We identified 52 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in non-cirrhotic livers (1.7% of all hepatocellular carcinomas), 42 with (80.8%) and 10 without (19.2%) chronic liver disease. In patients without chronic liver disease, median tumour diameter was greater compared to patients with chronic liver disease (7.8 versus 4.0 cm, P=0.046). Curative treatment was feasible in 20 patients (38.5%). Median overall survival was 26 months and 5-year survival rate was 23.7%. Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma outside surveillance (P=0.036), advanced hepatocellular carcinoma stage (P<0.0001), and non-curative treatment (P=0.007) were associated with worse prognosis, but tumour stage was the only independent predictor of survival. CONCLUSIONS: In Italy, less than 2% of hepatocellular carcinomas develop in a non-cirrhotic liver, and almost never in a normal liver. These patients frequently present with advanced tumours, have low eligibility rates for curative treatment, and have a dismal prognosis despite their preserved liver function.