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Determining the pharmacokinetics of intramammary antimicrobials in goats can assist in predicting appropriate meat and milk withdrawal intervals for drugs that are effective at treating subclinical mastitis due to non-aureus Staphylococci during the dry period. Twenty-four healthy, lactating does were enrolled in this study. Half were administered 300 mg of cephapirin benzathine (ToMORROW, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Duluth, GA) via intramammary infusion into each half of the udder. The remaining does had 500 mg cloxacillin benzathine (Orbenin DC, Merck & Co., Rahway, NJ) administered per half. Plasma was collected before treatment and for 7 days post-treatment followed by analysis via liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectroscopy. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using noncompartmental methods via commercial software (MonolixSuite). The mean maximum concentration (Cmax) of cephapirin of 0.073 µg/mL was noted at 7.06 h post-administration (Tmax). The area under the plasma concentration curve based on the final sampling point (AUClast) was 1.06 h × µg/mL. The mean residence time until the final sampling point (MRTlast) was 13.55 h. Mean terminal half-life (T½) of cephapirin was 6.98 h. In CLOX does, Cmax was 0.074 µg/mL with a Tmax of 18 h, AUClast was 5.71 h × µg/mL, T½ was 77.45 h, and MRTlast was 65.36 h. Despite both products being formulated with benzathine salts, marked differences were noted in pharmacokinetic parameters including AUC, T1/2, and MRTlast. This data will be used to plan sampling schedules for milk and tissue residue depletion studies for both products.
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BACKGROUND: Longer-term humoral responses to 2-dose coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines remain incompletely characterized in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH), as do initial responses to a third dose. METHODS: We measured antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein receptor-binding domain, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) displacement, and viral neutralization against wild-type and Omicron strains up to 6 months after 2-dose vaccination, and 1 month after the third dose, in 99 PLWH receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy and 152 controls. RESULTS: Although humoral responses naturally decline after 2-dose vaccination, we found no evidence of lower antibody concentrations or faster rates of antibody decline in PLWH compared with controls after accounting for sociodemographic, health, and vaccine-related factors. We also found no evidence of poorer viral neutralization in PLWH after 2 doses, nor evidence that a low nadir CD4+ T-cell count compromised responses. Post-third-dose humoral responses substantially exceeded post-second-dose levels, though Omicron-specific responses were consistently weaker than responses against wild-type virus. Nevertheless, post-third-dose responses in PLWH were comparable to or higher than controls. An mRNA-1273 third dose was the strongest consistent correlate of higher post-third-dose responses. CONCLUSION: PLWH receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy mount strong antibody responses after 2- and 3-dose COVID-19 vaccination. Results underscore the immune benefits of third doses in light of Omicron.
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COVID-19 , Infecciones por VIH , Humanos , VIH , Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19/prevención & control , SARS-CoV-2 , Anticuerpos , Vacunación , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Anticuerpos AntiviralesRESUMEN
Oil extraction may impact wildlife by altering habitat suitability and affecting stress levels and behavior of individuals, but it can be challenging to disentangle the impacts of infrastructure itself on wildlife from associated noise and human activity at well sites. We evaluated whether the demographic distribution and corticosterone levels of three grassland passerine species (Chestnut-collared Longspur, Calcarius ornatus; Baird's Sparrow, Centronyx bairdii; and Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis) were impacted by oil development in southern Alberta, Canada. We used a landscape-scale oil well noise-playback experiment to evaluate whether impacts of wells were caused by noise. Surprisingly, higher-quality female Chestnut-collared Longspurs tended to nest closer to oil wells, while higher-quality Savannah Sparrows generally avoided nesting sites impacted by oil wells. Corticosterone levels in all species varied with the presence of oil development (oil wells, noise, or roads), but the magnitude and direction of the response was species and stimulus specific. While we detected numerous impacts of physical infrastructure on stress physiology and spatial demographic patterns, few of these resulted from noise. However, all three species in this study responded to at least one disturbance associated with oil development, so to conserve the grassland songbird community, both the presence of physical infrastructure and anthropogenic noise should be mitigated.
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Pájaros Cantores , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Pájaros Cantores/fisiología , Pradera , Corticosterona , Ecosistema , Alberta , Comportamiento de Nidificación/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The magnitude and durability of immune responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines remain incompletely characterized in the elderly. METHODS: Anti-spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) competition, and virus neutralizing activities were assessed in plasma from 151 health care workers and older adults (range, 24-98 years of age) 1 month following the first vaccine dose, and 1 and 3 months following the second dose. RESULTS: Older adults exhibited significantly weaker responses than younger health care workers for all humoral measures evaluated and at all time points tested, except for ACE2 competition activity after 1 vaccine dose. Moreover, older age remained independently associated with weaker responses even after correction for sociodemographic factors, chronic health condition burden, and vaccine-related variables. By 3 months after the second dose, all humoral responses had declined significantly in all participants, and remained significantly lower among older adults, who also displayed reduced binding antibodies and ACE2 competition activity towards the Delta variant. CONCLUSIONS: Humoral responses to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are significantly weaker in older adults, and antibody-mediated activities in plasma decline universally over time. Older adults may thus remain at elevated risk of infection despite vaccination.
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Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Anciano , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes , Anticuerpos Antivirales , COVID-19/prevención & control , Humanos , Inmunidad Humoral , Lactante , ARN Mensajero , SARS-CoV-2 , Vacunas Sintéticas , Vacunas de ARNmRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Third coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine doses are broadly recommended, but immunogenicity data remain limited, particularly in older adults. METHODS: We measured circulating antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein receptor-binding domain, ACE2 displacement, and virus neutralization against ancestral and omicron (BA.1) strains from prevaccine up to 1 month following the third dose, in 151 adults aged 24-98 years who received COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. RESULTS: Following 2 vaccine doses, humoral immunity was weaker, less functional, and less durable in older adults, where a higher number of chronic health conditions was a key correlate of weaker responses and poorer durability. One month after the third dose, antibody concentrations and function exceeded post-second-dose levels, and responses in older adults were comparable in magnitude to those in younger adults at this time. Humoral responses against omicron were universally weaker than against the ancestral strain after both the second and third doses. Nevertheless, after 3 doses, anti-omicron responses in older adults reached equivalence to those in younger adults. One month after 3 vaccine doses, the number of chronic health conditions, but not age, was the strongest consistent correlate of weaker humoral responses. CONCLUSIONS: Results underscore the immune benefits of third COVID-19 vaccine doses, particularly in older adults.
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Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Anciano , Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina 2 , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes , Anticuerpos Antivirales , COVID-19/prevención & control , Humanos , ARN Mensajero , SARS-CoV-2 , Glicoproteína de la Espiga del Coronavirus , Vacunas Sintéticas , Vacunas de ARNmRESUMEN
Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 is the mainstay of COVID-19 diagnosis, yet there are conflicting reports on its diagnostic performance. Wide ranges of false-negative PCR tests have been reported depending on clinical presentation, the timing of testing, specimens tested, testing method, and reference standard used. We aimed to estimate the frequency of discordance between initial nasopharyngeal (NP) PCR and repeat NP sampling PCR and serology in acutely ill patients admitted to the hospital. Panel diagnosis of COVID-19 infection is further utilized in discordance analysis. Included in the study were 160 patients initially tested by NP PCR with repeat NP sampling PCR and/or serology performed. The percent agreement between initial and repeat PCR was 96.7%, while the percent agreement between initial PCR and serology was 98.9%. There were 5 (3.1%) cases with discordance on repeat testing. After discordance analysis, 2 (1.4%) true cases tested negative on initial PCR. Using available diagnostic methods, discordance on repeat NP sampling PCR and/or serology is a rare occurrence.
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COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/virología , Nasofaringe/virología , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Adulto , Prueba de COVID-19/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/métodos , Estándares de Referencia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa/métodos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Manejo de Especímenes/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Time-sensitive alerts are among the many types of clinical notifications delivered to physicians' secure InBaskets within commercial electronic health records (EHRs). A delayed alert review can impact patient safety and compromise care. OBJECTIVE: To characterize factors associated with opening of non-interruptive time-sensitive alerts delivered into primary care provider (PCP) InBaskets. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: We analyzed data for 799 automated alerts. Alerts highlighted actionable medication concerns for older patients post-hospital discharge (2010-2011). These were study-generated alerts sent 3 days post-discharge to InBaskets for 75 PCPs across a multisite healthcare system, and represent a subset of all urgent InBasket notifications. MAIN MEASURES: Using EHR access and audit logs to track alert opening, we performed bivariate and multivariate analyses calculating associations between patient characteristics, provider characteristics, contextual factors at the time of alert delivery (number of InBasket notifications, weekday), and alert opening within 24 h. KEY RESULTS: At the time of alert delivery, the PCPs had a median of 69 InBasket notifications and had received a median of 379.8 notifications (IQR 295.0, 492.0) over the prior 7 days. Of the 799 alerts, 47.1% were opened within 24 h. Patients with longer hospital stays (>4 days) were marginally more likely to have alerts opened (OR 1.48 [95% CI 1.00-2.19]). Alerts delivered to PCPs whose InBaskets had a higher number of notifications at the time of alert delivery were significantly less likely to be opened within 24 h (top quartile >157 notifications: OR 0.34 [95% CI 0.18-0.61]; reference bottom quartile ≤42). Alerts delivered on Saturdays were also less likely to be opened within 24 h (OR 0.18 [CI 0.08-0.39]). CONCLUSIONS: The number of total InBasket notifications and weekend delivery may impact the opening of time-sensitive EHR alerts. Further study is needed to support safe and effective approaches to care team management of InBasket notifications.
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Continuidad de la Atención al Paciente/normas , Registros Electrónicos de Salud/normas , Médicos de Atención Primaria/normas , Atención Primaria de Salud/normas , Sistemas Recordatorios/normas , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Continuidad de la Atención al Paciente/tendencias , Registros Electrónicos de Salud/tendencias , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Alta del Paciente/normas , Alta del Paciente/tendencias , Médicos de Atención Primaria/tendencias , Atención Primaria de Salud/métodos , Atención Primaria de Salud/tendencias , Sistemas Recordatorios/tendencias , Factores de TiempoAsunto(s)
Liquen Plano , Alopecia , Humanos , Liquen Plano/radioterapia , Proyectos Piloto , Estudios Prospectivos , Cuero CabelludoRESUMEN
Cell therapy has the potential to drastically improve clinical outcomes for the 1.45 million patients suffering from a myocardial infarction (MI) each year in the U.S. However, the limitations associated with this treatment - including poor engraftment, significant cell death and poor differentiation potential - have prevented its widespread application clinically. To optimize functional improvements provided by transplanted cells, there is a need to develop methods that increase cellular retention and viability, while supporting differentiation and promoting paracrine signaling. Current in vivo models are expensive, difficult to access and manipulate and are time consuming. We have developed an in vitro model of MI which allows for a straightforward, consistent and relatively accurate prediction of cell fate following injection in vivo. The model demonstrated how the infarct environment impairs cellular engraftment and differentiation, but identified an implantation strategy which enhanced cell fate in vitro. Multivariate linear regression identified variables within the model that regulated vascular differentiation potential including oxygen tension, stiffness and cytokine presence, while cardiac differentiation was more accurately predicted by Isl-1 expression in the original cell isolate than any other variable present within the model system. The model highlighted how the cells' sensitivity to the infarct variables varied from line to line, which emphasizes the importance of the model system for the prediction of cell fate on a patient specific basis. Further development of this model system could help predict the clinical efficacy of cardiac progenitor cell therapy at the patient level as well as identify the optimal strategy for cell delivery.
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Proteínas con Homeodominio LIM/genética , Modelos Cardiovasculares , Infarto del Miocardio/terapia , Miocitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Trasplante de Células Madre , Células Madre/citología , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Animales , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular , Rastreo Celular , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Expresión Génica , Dureza , Proteínas con Homeodominio LIM/metabolismo , Modelos Lineales , Masculino , Infarto del Miocardio/genética , Infarto del Miocardio/metabolismo , Infarto del Miocardio/patología , Miocitos Cardíacos/patología , Oxígeno/metabolismo , Comunicación Paracrina , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-kit/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-kit/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Células Madre/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismoRESUMEN
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Hog1 MAPK is activated and induces a transcriptional program in response to hyperosmotic stress. Several Hog1-responsive genes exhibit stochastic transcription, resulting in cell-to-cell variability in mRNA and protein levels. However, the mechanisms governing stochastic gene activity are not fully defined. Here we uncover a novel role for casein kinase II (CK2) in the cellular response to hyperosmotic stress. CK2 interacts with and phosphorylates the Hot1 transcription factor; however, Hot1 phosphorylation is not sufficient for controlling the stochastic response. The CK2 protein itself is required to negatively regulate mRNA expression of Hot1-responsive genes and Hot1 enrichment at target promoters. Single-cell gene expression analysis reveals altered activation of Hot1-targeted STL1 in ck2 mutants, resulting in a bimodal to unimodal shift in expression. Together, this work reveals a novel CK2 function during the hyperosmotic stress response that promotes cell-to-cell variability in gene expression.
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Quinasa de la Caseína II/metabolismo , Regulación Fúngica de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Quinasa de la Caseína II/genética , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/genética , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Mutación , Presión Osmótica/fisiología , Fosforilación/fisiología , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Procesos Estocásticos , Factores de Transcripción/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Fenofibrate, a PPAR-α activator, has shown promising results as a neuroprotective therapy, with proposed anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. However, it displays poor blood-brain barrier permeability leading to some ambiguity over its mechanism of action. Experimentally induced brain injury has been shown to elicit a hepatic acute phase response that modulates leukocyte recruitment to the injured brain. Here, we sought to discover whether one effect of fenofibrate might include the suppression of the acute phase response (APR) following brain injury. METHODS: A 1-h intraluminal thread middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model followed by a 6-h reperfusion was performed in C57/BL6 mice. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was then used to measure hepatic expression of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and serum amyloid A-1 (SAA-1), and immunohistochemical analysis was used to quantify brain and hepatic neutrophil infiltration following stroke. RESULTS: The MCAO and sham surgery induced the expression of all three acute phase reactants. A 14-day fenofibrate pre-treatment decreased reactant production, infarct volume, and neutrophil recruitment to the brain and liver, which is a hallmark of the APR. CONCLUSIONS: The data highlight a novel mechanism of action for fenofibrate and lend further evidence towards the promotion of its use as a prophylactic therapy in patients at risk of cerebral ischaemia. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanistic explanation underlying its actions.
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Lesiones Encefálicas/metabolismo , Lesiones Encefálicas/patología , Infiltración Neutrófila/fisiología , Receptores Activados del Proliferador del Peroxisoma/metabolismo , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Lesiones Encefálicas/etiología , Quimiocina CXCL1/metabolismo , Quimiocina CXCL10/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Fenofibrato/administración & dosificación , Infarto de la Arteria Cerebral Media/complicaciones , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/administración & dosificación , Infiltración Neutrófila/efectos de los fármacos , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Proteína Amiloide A Sérica/metabolismoAsunto(s)
Alopecia/tratamiento farmacológico , Espironolactona/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Anciano , Alopecia/diagnóstico , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Espironolactona/efectos adversos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Alérgenos/inmunología , Alopecia/diagnóstico , Cosméticos/efectos adversos , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/diagnóstico , Liquen Plano/diagnóstico , Monoterpenos Acíclicos/administración & dosificación , Monoterpenos Acíclicos/inmunología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Alérgenos/administración & dosificación , Alopecia/inmunología , Alopecia/patología , Alopecia/prevención & control , Biopsia , Estudios de Cohortes , Cosméticos/administración & dosificación , Cosméticos/química , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/complicaciones , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/inmunología , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/prevención & control , Femenino , Fibrosis , Ácido Gálico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Gálico/inmunología , Folículo Piloso/inmunología , Folículo Piloso/patología , Humanos , Liquen Plano/inmunología , Liquen Plano/patología , Liquen Plano/prevención & control , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Odorantes , Pruebas del Parche/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Background and Aim: Patients suspected of Alpha 1-Antitrypsin (A1AT) abnormality based on low serum concentration are routinely confirmed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of peripheral blood. Genotyping formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue is a novel approach that could aid in detecting variant A1AT. We performed qPCR on FFPE liver explants with Periodic Acid Schiff after Diastase (PASD)- and A1AT-positive globules to confirm and estimate the frequency of A1AT deficiency in transplant cases. Materials and Methods: Eighteen (12.68%) of 142 patients with end-stage liver disease showed PASD/A1AT positive globules. FFPE of the explants was tested through qPCR to detect S and Z alleles. A second age- and sex-matched control group consisting of five liver transplant patients with negative globules was included in the study. Results: qPCR assay was successful with all the samples meeting QC parameters. All patients included in the study elucidated Z allele variants; 2 homozygous (11.1%) and 16 heterozygous (88.9%). The control group demonstrated normal wild-type MM allele. Conclusion: Screening for A1AT deficiency using serum levels is not sufficiently sensitive to detect deficiency, especially in carriers. If A1AT testing was not performed preoperatively and the risk is high based on the PASD/A1AT-positive globules in the explants, then molecular testing of FFPE tissue can be a viable method for confirming the diagnosis.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine if sedation with medetomidine-vatinoxan (Zenalpha; Dechra Veterinary Products) and midazolam (Alvogen) (ZM) would cause less cardiovascular depression and maintain similar depth and duration of sedation in pigeons (Columba livia domestica) compared to dexmedetomidine and midazolam (DM). METHODS: In a blinded crossover study, 15 healthy adult domestic pigeons were sedated IM with either dexmedetomidine (0.08 mg/kg) and midazolam (2 mg/kg) or medetomidine (0.16 mg/kg), vatinoxan (3.2 mg/kg), and midazolam (2 mg/kg) from November through December 2023. Each subject was monitored for 60 minutes, then the sedation was reversed with atipamezole (0.8 mg/kg) and flumazenil (0.1 mg/kg) as needed. Sedation scores, heart rates, and respiratory rates were compared. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the peak sedation score between DM and ZM groups, with both exhibiting median scores of 4 (heavy sedation). Mean heart rate was significantly higher for ZM than DM at 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, and 65 minutes postinjection. Bradycardia occurred in both groups at 5 and 10 minutes postinjection and persisted for DM until reversal with atipamezole. Arrhythmias were auscultated in both groups. Bradypnea was not observed in either group, and all birds resumed normal behavior following recovery and the following day. CONCLUSIONS: Medetomidine-vatinoxan-midazolam provides a similar depth of sedation to DM but with less incidence of bradycardia. Further study is needed to determine the clinical applicability of this sedative in birds. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Medetomidine-vatinoxan may be considered for short-term sedation and restraint in cardiovascularly stable pigeons.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine antibiotic levels in plasma and interstitial fluid (ISF) after SC placement of compounded florfenicol (FF) calcium sulfate beads (CSBs) in New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). ANIMALS: 6 juvenile female rabbits (n = 5 treatment and 1 control). METHODS: An ultrafiltration probe and CSBs were placed SC in 6 rabbits (n = 5 for FF CSBs and 1 for control CSBs). Plasma (3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours and 7, 14, and 21 days) and ISF (daily for 21 days) samples were collected, and FF was measured by HPLC for pharmacokinetic analysis. Hematology, biochemistry, and histopathology were assessed. RESULTS: Means ± SD for the area under the curve, maximum concentration, time of maximum concentration, terminal half-life, and mean residence time to the last data point for plasma and ISF were 16.63 ± 8.16 and 17,902 ± 7,564 h·µg/mL, 0.79 ± 0.38 and 245 ± 223 µg/mL, 2.90 ± 0.3 and 59 ± 40 hours, 30.81 ± 16.9 and 27.3 ± 9.39 hours, 23.4 ± 10 and 73.7 ± 13 hours, respectively. Plasma FF was < 2 µg/mL at all time points. The ISF FF remained > 8 µg/mL for 109.98 to 231.58 hours. One rabbit death occurred during treatment, but the cause of death was undetermined. Local tissue inflammation was present, but no clinically significant systemic adverse effects were found on hematology, biochemistry, or histopathology in the remaining rabbits. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Florfenicol CSBs maintained antibiotic concentrations in ISF at levels likely to be effective against bacteria sensitive to > 8 µg/mL for 5 to 10 days while maintaining low (< 2 µg/mL) plasma levels. Florfenicol CSBs may be effective for local antibiotic treatment in rabbit abscesses.
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Antibacterianos , Sulfato de Calcio , Tianfenicol , Animales , Conejos , Tianfenicol/análogos & derivados , Tianfenicol/farmacocinética , Tianfenicol/administración & dosificación , Antibacterianos/farmacocinética , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Sulfato de Calcio/química , Líquido Extracelular/química , Semivida , Implantes de Medicamentos , Área Bajo la CurvaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is an uncommon subtype of lung cancer believed to represent a spectrum of tumors sharing characteristics of both small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Other groups have proposed genomic LCNEC subtypes, including small cell-like, non-small cell-like, and carcinoid-like subtypes. The primary goal of this study was to better define the NSCLC-like subtype with comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP). METHODS: An institutional database was queried to identify tissue specimens (TBx, N = 1,426) and liquid biopsies (LBx, N = 39) submitted for CGP during routine clinical care (8/2014 - 7/2023) with a disease ontology of LCNEC. TBx were profiled with FoundationOne® (F1) or F1CDx, using hybrid-capture technology to detect genomic alterations (GAs). RESULTS: 1,426 LCNEC samples were genomically profiled. The presence of RB1 and TP53 genomic alterations (GAs) were used to define a SCLC-like subtype (n = 557). A carcinoid-like group was defined by the presence of MEN1 mutation in the absence of TP53 GAs (n = 25). The remaining 844 samples were compared to the SCLC-like group and GAs enriched relative to the SCLC-like samples with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.0001 were used to define a NSCLC-like group. These NSCLC-like subtype-defining GAs included SMARCA4, KRAS, FGF3/4/19, STK11, CDKN2A/B, MTAP, and CCND1. Under this schema, 530 samples were classified as NSCLC-like and 314 remained unclassified. CONCLUSIONS: Large-scale CGP can better characterize biologically distinct molecular subtypes in LCNEC. Further studies to define how these molecular subtypes may help inform treatment decisions in this complex and challenging malignancy are warranted.
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Tumor Carcinoide , Carcinoma de Células Grandes , Carcinoma Neuroendocrino , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/genética , Carcinoma Neuroendocrino/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Neuroendocrino/genética , Carcinoma Neuroendocrino/patología , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Grandes/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Grandes/genética , Carcinoma de Células Grandes/patología , Tumor Carcinoide/patología , Genómica , ADN Helicasas , Proteínas Nucleares , Factores de TranscripciónRESUMEN
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, or pNETs, represent a rare and clinically heterogenous subset of pancreatic neoplasms. One such pNET, the insulinoma, is found to be malignant in just 4% of all insulinomas. Due to the exceedingly uncommon occurrence of these tumors, there is controversy regarding the optimal evidence-based management for these patients. We therefore report on a 70-year-old male patient admitted with 3 months of episodic confusion with concurrent hypoglycemia. The patient was found to have inappropriately elevated endogenous insulin levels during these episodes, and somatostatin-receptor subtype 2 selective imaging revealed a pancreatic mass metastatic to local lymph nodes, spleen, and the liver. Fine needle aspiration of pancreatic and liver lesions confirmed the diagnosis of a low grade pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Molecular analysis of tumor tissue revealed a novel mutational profile consistent with pNET. The patient was initiated on octreotide therapy. However, treatment with octreotide alone demonstrated limited efficacy in controlling the patient's symptoms, prompting consideration of other therapies.