RESUMEN
Several papers describe functional changes in the aging population, and its relevance in the early cognitive impairment detection. Alterations in instrumental activities would constitute a diagnostic marker of MCI and predict the progression to Dementia. In order to count on a tool to evaluate the performance in the use of new technologies we have designed a new protocol, Complex Functional Study (CFS), that quantifies performance and functional changes Related to previous states. OBJECTIVES: To compare CFS scores in patients with MCI with a control group without cognitive impairment (CD) and verify their diagnostic performance to detect complex function alterations in reference too the functional scales, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (AVDI) and Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD). METHODS: Patients with MCI and controls were included. All subjects were evaluated with a neurocognitive battery, and functional scales (EFE).STATA software version 14.2 was used for data analysis. RESULTS: 269 recruited patients older than 65 years old, 173 with diagnosis of MCI and 96 controls. The MCI patients obtained significantly higher EFE scores tan subjects without DC (p < 0,001).The EFE presented a greater sensitivity to detect the functional alteration (EFE 81.5%, AVDI 25.9%, DAD 18.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The EFE is an instrument of optimal clinical value, with good sensitivity to identify the alteration of the complex activities of daily life in patients with MCI. The results allow to characterize a profile compatible with Light Functional Impairment.
Asunto(s)
Actividades Cotidianas , Disfunción Cognitiva , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Anciano , Envejecimiento , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Disfunción Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Humanos , Pruebas NeuropsicológicasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pain prevalence during hospital admission is variable, with estimates ranging from 32 to 77%. AIM: To determine pain prevalence during admission to a clinical hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients admitted to medical and surgical wards were interrogated about the presence of pain within 48 to 72 hours after admission. Subjective pain was analyzed using a scale ranging from 0 to 10. Data was analyzed separately for medical, surgical, and obstetrical patients. RESULTS: A total of 736 patients aged 18 to 94 years (416 women) were recruited. Pain prevalence at 48 hours after admission was 56% (95% confidence intervals (CI (52.7 to 60.1). Pain prevalence in medical, surgical and obstetric patients was 37% (95% CI 31.4 to 42.1), 70% (95% CI 64.5 to 75.5) and 77% (95% CI 68.6 to 84), respectively. The median pain intensities in medical, surgical, and obstetrical patients were 7 (interquartile range (IQR) 6-8), 7 (IQR 5-8) y 7 (IQR 5-8), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of pain among patients admitted to the hospital is high, especially in obstetric and surgical units.
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Dolor/epidemiología , Admisión del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Argentina/epidemiología , Comorbilidad , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dimensión del Dolor , Prevalencia , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Increasing evidence links infections to atherosclerosis. Case-control and cohort studies have found that infections, especially respiratory and dental, are associated with coronary heart disease. However, data on the association of infections with cerebrovascular disease are limited, especially beyond Europe and the United States. We assessed the relationship between recent infections and atherothrombotic disease in a South American cohort. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of 105 cases and 354 control subjects in a Buenos Aires healthcare system matched by age (mean age, 73.2+/-12.3 and 72.9+/-12.8 years), sex, and major cardiovascular risk factors. Cases were patients hospitalized with atherothrombotic ischemic stroke from December 2006 to October 2007. Control subjects were randomly assigned from an electronic outpatient database. Data from the preceding year on inpatient and ambulatory respiratory, urinary and abdominal infections as well as peripheral white blood cell count were collected. RESULTS: Infections were more frequent in cases than control subjects (29% versus 13%; OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.4 to 4.5; P=0.0004); however, this was driven by community-acquired respiratory tract infections (19% versus 6%; OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.9 to 8; P<0.001) because there were no differences between cases and control subjects for other types of infection. Respiratory tract infections were the most prevalent type of infection during the 3 months before an atherothrombotic ischemic event, occurring more in cases compared with control subjects (17% versus 4%; OR, 5; 95% CI, 2.2 to 11.3; P<0.001). In multivariable analysis adjusting for major vascular risk factors, history of respiratory infection in the prior year was associated more with cases than control subjects (OR, 4.9; 95% CI, 2.3 to 10.2;P<0.001). White blood cell count was slightly higher in cases versus control subjects (7602+/-2058 versus 7121.6+/-1947, P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In this South American cohort, recent respiratory tract infections were significantly associated with atherothrombotic stroke, suggesting that prompt identification and treatment of individuals with or at risk for these infections may mitigate the burden from this type of stroke.
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Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Tromboembolia/complicaciones , Anciano , Argentina/epidemiología , Presión Sanguínea , Isquemia Encefálica/complicaciones , Isquemia Encefálica/epidemiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Infecciones/epidemiología , Recuento de Leucocitos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/complicaciones , Factores de Riesgo , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiologíaRESUMEN
Resumen En la actualidad los profesionales de la salud son el recurso más valioso con el que cuenta cada país para combatir la enfermedad COVID-19. Las tasas de contagio intrahospitalario son altas y ligadas al acto de atención sanitaria. Las medidas de protección por parte de los empleadores son fundamentales para el cuidado de los que cuidan. La situación de pánico generada por el temor a contraer o transmitir la enfermedad, siendo primeros respondedores en la línea de combate ante la pandemia, ha sido amplificada por varios factores. Cuestiones como presión psicológica, carga laboral, mediatización, aspectos judiciales, desprotección, falta de descanso, nuevos roles, discriminación y agresiones son algunas de las situaciones a las que se los profesionales se deben enfrentar.(Acta Med Colomb 2020; 45. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2020.1975).
Abstract Today, healthcare professionals are a country's most valuable resource for combating COVID-19. Hospital contagion rates are high and linked to the practice of health care. Employers' protective measures are essential in caring for the caregivers. The panic resulting from a fear of contracting or transmitting the disease, with first responders being at the front line of the battle against the pandemic, has been amplified by various factors. Issues such as psychological pressure, workload, media coverage, legal aspects, lack of protection, lack of rest, new roles, discrimination and assaults are some of the situations faced by these professionals.(Acta Med Colomb 2020; 45. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2020.1975).
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Personal de Salud , Agresión , Pandemias , Discriminación SocialRESUMEN
Background: Pain prevalence during hospital admission is variable, with estimates ranging from 32 to 77%. Aim: To determine pain prevalence during admission to a clinical hospital. Material and Methods: Patients admitted to medical and surgical wards were interrogated about the presence of pain within 48 to 72 hours after admission. Subjective pain was analyzed using a scale ranging from 0 to 10. Data was analyzed separately for medical, surgical, and obstetrical patients. Results: A total of 736 patients aged 18 to 94 years (416 women) were recruited. Pain prevalence at 48 hours after admission was 56% (95% confidence intervals (CI (52.7 to 60.1). Pain prevalence in medical, surgical and obstetric patients was 37% (95% CI 31.4 to 42.1), 70% (95% CI 64.5 to 75.5) and 77% (95% CI 68.6 to 84), respectively. The median pain intensities in medical, surgical, and obstetrical patients were 7 (interquartile range (IQR) 6-8), 7 (IQR 5-8) y 7 (IQR 5-8), respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of pain among patients admitted to the hospital is high, especially in obstetric and surgical units.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Adulto Joven , Dolor/epidemiología , Admisión del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Argentina/epidemiología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Dimensión del Dolor , Comorbilidad , Prevalencia , Estudios Transversales , Estadísticas no ParamétricasRESUMEN
INTRODUCCIÓN: El anciano con fractura de cadera tiene alto riesgo de complicaciones y mortalidad hospitalaria. Las estadías hospitalarias cortas y el alta temprana con problemas clínicos activos pueden llevar a reinternaciones. OBJETIVOS: conocer la tasa de reinternaciones, los motivos y las variables predictoras de las mismas en los sujetos que tuvieron fracturas de cadera. MÉTODOS: Se trabajó una cohorte retrospectiva. Se incluyó a todos los pacientes ingresados en el Registro Institucional de Ancianos con Fractura de Cadera entre julio de 2014 y julio de 2017. Se describió la tasa de reinternación y su IC95%. Se utilizó un modelo de riesgo proporcional de Cox para describir factores de riesgo y el tiempo a la reinternación. RESULTADOS: Se incluyó a 858 pacientes. La mediana de días de internación fue de 6 (rango intercuartil [RIC 5-9]). El 86% (737) de los pacientes era de sexo femenino, con una mediana de edad de 86 años (RIC 81-89). La tasa de reinternación a los 30 días fue de 10% (IC95%: 8,3-12,5) y al año, de 39% (IC95%: 34,8-42,6). La principal causa fue la infección (30%). Los factores asociados fueron: edad (>85 años) Razón de Hazard o Hazard ratio (HR)1,3 (IC95%: 1-1,7; p 0,03), sexo femenino HR 0,5 (IC95%: 0,4-0,7; p<0,01), fragilidad HR 1,4 (IC95%: 1,1-1,8; p<0,01), score de Charlson (≥2) HR 1,6 (IC95%: 1,3-2,1; p<0,01), días de internación (>7 días) HR 1,4 (IC95%: 1,2-1,9; p<0,01). CONCLUSIONES: La reinternación después de una fractura de cadera tiene alta incidencia. El cuidado perioperatorio de los pacientes con fractura de cadera es esencial para reducir las complicaciones.
INTRODUCTION: Elderly patients with hip fracture are at high risk for complications and in-hospital mortality. Short hospital stay and early discharge with still active clinical problems may lead to readmissions. OBJECTIVES: to know the rate of readmissions, the reasons and the predictive variables in patients who had hip fractures. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed, with all patients included in the institutional registry of elderly patients with hip fracture between July 2014 and July 2017. Readmission rates and their CI95% were described. A proportional risk Cox model was used to describe risk factors and time-toreadmission. RESULTS: A total of 858 patients were included with a median hospital stay of 6 days (interquartile range [IQR] 5-9), 86% (737) of female patients and a median age of 86 years (IQR 81-89). Readmission rates were 10% (CI95%: 8.3-12.5) at 30 days and 39% (CI95%: 34.8-42.6) at 12 months. The main cause was infection (30%). Associated factors were: age (>85 years) HR 1.3 (CI95%: 1-1.7; p 0.03), female gender HR 0.5 (CI95%: 0.4-0.7; p<0.01), fragility HR 1.4 (CI95%: 1.1-1.8; p<0.01), Charlson score (≥2) HR 1.6 (CI95%: 1.3-2.1; p<0.01), hospital stay (>7 days) HR 1.4 (CI95%: 1.2- 1.9, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Readmission after hip fracture has a high incidence. Perioperative care of patients with hip fracture is essential to reduce complications.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Readmisión del Paciente , Fracturas de CaderaRESUMEN
RESUMEN Se presenta la segunda parte de las recomendaciones latinoamericanas para el manejo de la Hipertensión Arterial (HTA) en adultos. En una primera fase se han descripto los aspectos más relevantes de la epidemiología, aspectos fisiopatológicos, cómo hacer diagnóstico, pautas terapéuticas, urgencias y emergencias hipertensivas, poblaciones especiales, hipertensión refractaria y la aplicación de las guías en la vida real. En esta segunda parte, se emiten recomendaciones respondiendo a preguntas específicas para prevención primaria, secundaria, terciaria y cuaternaria. En general pocas recomendaciones al respecto del manejo de la hipertensión arterial surgen desde la clínica médica/ medicina interna, a pesar de dos situaciones: la mayoría de los pacientes con hipertensión arterial son evaluados y manejados por los clínicos, y la clínica médica es la especialidad que permite la mirada holística e integrada de los problemas de salud del adulto, permitiendo agregar el enfoque biográfico al biológico, comprender e interpretar no solo el problema de salud sino sus causas y consecuencias (que muchas veces suelen corresponder a diferentes parénquimas, lo cual en el modelo fragmentado haría transitar al paciente por distintas especialidades). El bajo porcentaje de pacientes hipertensos controlados obliga a todos los profesionales involucrados en el manejo de los mismos a optimizar recursos y detectar problemas que se asocien a un control deficitario como la sub utilización del tratamiento farmacológico, baja tasa de pacientes tratados con estrategia combinada (la mayoría de los pacientes actualmente recibe monoterapia), falta de prescripción adecuada de los cambios en el estilo de vida, baja adherencia terapéutica e inercia clínica. En la presente publicación se presentan recomendaciones efectuadas por especialistas en clínica médica / medicina interna para el manejo de la hipertensión arterial en adultos, respondiendo preguntas de prevención primaria, secundaria, terciaria, y cuaternaria.
ABSTRACT The second part of the Latin American recommendations for the management of Arterial Hypertension (HTA) in adults is presented. In a first phase, the most relevant aspects of epidemiology, physiopathological aspects, how to diagnose, therapeutic guidelines, hypertension emergencies, special populations, refractory hypertension and the application of guides in real life have been described. In this second part, recommendations are issued answering specific questions for primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary prevention. In general, few recommendations regarding the management of arterial hypertension arise from the medical clinic / internal medicine, despite two situations: the majority of patients with hypertension are evaluated and managed by the clinicians, and the medical clinic is the specialty that allows the holistic and integrated look of the health problems in adults, allowing to add the biographical approach to the biological, to understand and interpret not only the health problem but its causes and consequences (which often correspond to different parenchyma, which in the fragmented model would make the patient move through different specialties). The low percentage of controlled hypertensive patients forces all the professionals involved in the management of them to optimize resources and detect problems that are associated with a deficit control such as the under utilization of pharmacological treatment, low rate of patients treated with combined strategy (the most patients currently receive monotherapy), lack of adequate prescription of changes in lifestyle, low therapeutic adherence and clinical inertia. This publication presents recommendations made by specialists in medical clinic/internal medicine for the management of hypertension in adults, answering primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary prevention questions.
RESUMEN
La edad está asociada con un aumento de la prevalencia de múltiples enfermedades y también con un deterioro de la reserva funcional y fisiológica. Los pacientes adultos mayores tienen un riesgo aumentado para el desarrollo de complicaciones frente a cirugías y diversas prácticas oncológicas. Los procesos de toma de decisiones en muchos casos son complejos, y la detección de toda esta comorbilidad geriátrica no está contemplada en muchos de los modelos clásicos para predicción de riesgo. En este artículo se describe una herramienta de evaluación geriátrica integral dirigida a la detección de riesgos para prácticas y procedimientos (DRIPP) en el adulto mayor, que fue desarrollada y se utiliza en el ámbito del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. El objetivo de DRIPP es la detección de factores de riesgo clínicos y geriátricos asociados con malos resultados, a partir del cual se generan recomendaciones específicas de manejo, que aportan mayor información para el buen desarrollo del proceso de consentimiento informado y la toma de decisiones. Su integración transversal y longitudinal con las diferentes disciplinas e instancias para el seguimiento del paciente es una característica esencial que se traduce en ventajas asistenciales y académicas. (AU)
Aging is associated with an increased prevalence of multiple diseases, and also with decline in functional and physiologic reserve. Elderly patients have an increased risk to develop complications after surgeries and various oncological interventions. Decision-making processes are complex in several cases, and detection of all this geriatric comorbidity is not covered by many of the classic models for risk prediction. This article describes a comprehensive geriatric assessment tool for detection of risks for practices and procedures (DRIPP) in the elderly, which was developed and is used in the setting of Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. The aim of DRIPP is the systematic detection of clinical and geriatric risk factors associated with poor outcomes, and from which specific management recommendations are generated, as well as provides more information for the proper development of the informed consent and decision making processes. The transverse and longitudinal integration with different disciplines and instances for patient's follow up, are an essential feature, resulting in healthcare and academic advantages. (AU)