High Ambipolar Mobility and Long-Range Carrier Transport in Violet Phosphorus Nanosheet.

Carrier transport capacity with high mobility and long-range diffusion length holds particular significance for the advancement of modern optoelectronic devices. Herein, we have unveiled the carrier dynamics and transport properties of a pristine violet phosphorus (VP) nanosheet by a transient absorption microscopy. Under the excitation (2.41 eV) above the exciton band, two photoinduced absorption peaks with the energy difference of approximately 520 meV emerge within a broadband transient absorption background which originates from the prompt generation of free carriers and the concomitant formation of excitons (lifetime of 467.21 ps). This observation is consistent with the established band-edge model of VP. Intriguingly, we have determined the ambipolar diffusion coefficient and mobility of VP to be approximately 47.32 cm2·s-1 and 1798 cm2·V-1·s-1, respectively, which further indicate a long-range carrier transport of approximately 2.10 µm. This work unveils the significant carrier transport capacity of VP, highlighting its potential for future optoelectronic and excitonic applications.

Navigating the Landscape of MANF Research: A Scientometric Journey with CiteSpace Analysis.

This study employs bibliometric analysis through CiteSpace to comprehensively evaluate the status and trends of MANF (mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor) research spanning 25 years (1997-2022). It aims to fill the gap in objective and comprehensive reviews of MANF research. MANF-related studies were extracted from the Web of Science database. MANF publications were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed for various factors by CiteSpace, including publication volume, journals, countries/regions, institutions, and authors. Keywords and references were visually analyzed to unveil research evolution and hotspot. Analysis of 353 MANF-related articles revealed escalating annual publications, indicating growing recognition of MANF's importance. High-impact journals such as the International Journal of Molecular Sciences and Journal of Biological Chemistry underscored MANF's interdisciplinary significance. Collaborative networks highlighted China and the USA's pivotal roles, while influential figures and partnerships drove understanding of MANF's mechanisms. Co-word analysis of MANF-related keywords exposed key evolutionary hotspots, encompassing neurotrophic effects, cytoprotective roles, MANF-related diseases, and the CDNF/MANF family. This progression from basic understanding to clinical potential showcased MANF's versatility from cellular protection to therapy. Bibliometric analysis reveals MANF's diverse research trends and pathways, from basics to clinical applications, driving medical progress. This comprehensive assessment enriches understanding and empowers researchers for dynamic evolution, advancing innovation, and benefiting patients. Bibliometric analysis of MANF research. The graphical abstract depicts the bibliometric analysis of MANF research, highlighting its aims, methods, and key results.

Reversible Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Transformations between Nanoscale 2D Nanosheets and 3D Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transformations provide more possibilities for phase transitions, which have attracted great attention in crystal engineering. In this paper, we report a series of reversible SCSC transformations between nanoscale two-dimensional layered double hydroxide (LDH) crystals and three-dimensional metal-organic framework crystals. They can proceed not only in solution systems but also on the surface of solid-state polyacrylonitrile films and fibers. Specifically, reversible SCSC transformations can be carried out between nanoscale ZIF-67 and Co-LDH. The Co-LDH nanomaterials displayed excellent oxygen evolution reaction performance. This work has good universality and scalability, which provides a novel avenue for the synthesis of crystal materials and is of great significance for the recycling of resources.

Gender-specific associations between abdominal adipose mass and bone mineral density in the middle-aged US population.

OBJECTIVES: The relationship between abdominal adipose tissue and osteoporosis is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of abdominal adipose tissue with bone mineral density (BMD) among a nationally representative sample of US middle-aged adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included 1498 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014 and 2017-2018. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, as well as to assess abdominal adipose mass by categorizing total adipose tissue (TAT) into visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between abdominal adipose tissue and BMD, and logistic regression and generalized additive model were used to assess the associations of abdominal adipose tissue with the development of low BMD. RESULTS: In our study, men accounted for 51.3%, and the mean age and body mass index for men and women were 49.3 and 49.6 years, and 23.9 and 28.3 kg/m2, respectively. In the univariate model, we found that abdominal adipose mass was positively associated with BMD at femoral neck and spine in both genders. In the multivariate model, among men, a negative correlation was observed between TAT and SAT and BMD at the femoral neck. Additionally, higher masses of TAT, SAT, and VAT were found to significantly increase the risk of low BMD at both the femoral neck and lumbar spine. In contrast, there was no significant association between abdominal adipose mass and BMD in middle-aged women, regardless of menopausal status. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding suggested that abdominal adipose tissue, regardless of its location (SAT or VAT), may have a negative impact on BMD in middle-aged men independently of body weight, but this relationship was not observed in women. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and investigate potential mechanisms underlying these associations.

Route to the Structure-Controlled Synthesis of Fe Nanobelts and Their Oxygen Evolution Reaction Application.

Belt-shaped metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have received extensive attention because of their unique structure. In this Communication, Fe-MOF nanobelts were synthesized by a solvothermal method with Fe2+ as the metal source and could not be obtained by using Fe3+ as the metal source. The final result shows that Fe2+ played a transitional role in the process of achieving belt-shaped and cubelike structural changes. Our work provides an idea for the synthesis of belt-shaped MOFs and promotes the development of electrocatalysts.

In Situ Simultaneous Cavitation-Doping Approach for Constructing Bimetallic Metal-Organic Framework Hollow Nanospheres with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production.

This Communication demonstrates a novel and in situ simultaneous cavitation-doping (SCD) approach to construct bimetallic metal-doped cobalt metal-organic framework hollow nanospheres (CoM-MOF HNSs, with M = Ru or Fe). The key point of the SCD approach is the careful balance between the kinetics of Co-MOF being etched and the coordinative growth of a more stable CoM-MOF shell induced by Lewis acid (MCl3, with M = Ru or Fe). Our work provides a new method to synthesize bimetallic hollow MOFs and benefits the development of electrocatalysts.

Autism spectrum disorder in a boy with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis: a case report.

BACKGROUND: In this case report, we described the past history, clinical manifestations, genetic characteristics and cognitive evaluation of a boy with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) who developed autism spectrum disorder (ASD). CASE PRESENTATION: The boy had an early onset of CIPA at the age of 48 months, and was later diagnosed with ASD at 5 years old. Developmental delays in communication, social skills and the presence of maladaptive behaviors were observed in the patient. Professional treatments significantly improved the developmental delays. CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrated that ASD may develop in children with CIPA, and pediatricians should be aware that if they suspect or identify a child with CIPA that they should also be screened for ASD using similar examination and diagnostic tools as shown in the present report. Moreover, therapeutic interventions for ASD was helpful for the remission of both diseases.

Quality Assessment of Artemisia rupestris L. Using Quantitative Analysis of Multi-Components by Single Marker and Fingerprint Analysis.

The chromatographic fingerprint of 14 batches of Artemisia rupestris L. samples were established in this study. The constituents of ten components in Artemisia rupestris L. were determined using quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS) and the external standard method (ESM). Due to their stability and accessibility, chlorogenic acid and linarin were used as references to calculate the relative correction factors (RCFs) of apigenin-C-6,8-pentoside-hexoside, apigenin-C-6,8-di-pentoside, luteolin, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, chrysosplenetin B, and sbsinthin, based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The value calculated by QAMS was consistent with that of the ESM, and the reproducibility of RCFs was found to be reliable. In conclusion, simultaneous determination of the ten components by the QAMS method and chromatographic fingerprint analysis were feasible and accurate in evaluating the quality of Artemisia rupestris L. and can be used as reference in traditional Chinese medicine quality control.

Synthesis of the Platinum Nanoribbons Regulated by Fluorine and Applications in Electrocatalysis.

Controlling the morphology of highly homogeneous nanoribbons is one of the main goals for synthesizing catalysts with excellent activity and durability. In this Communication, platinum (Pt) nanoribbons were synthesized by a one-pot method. We used ammonium fluoride (NH4F) as the regulator, under 8 atm of hydrogen (H2), to synthesize zigzag-shaped two-dimensional Pt nanoribbons. Benefiting from their unique morphology, the Pt nanoribbons display superior electrocatalytic activity and stability.

Facile Synthesis of Sea-Urchin-Like Pt and Pt/Au Nanodendrites and Their Enhanced Electrocatalytic Properties.

This Communication demonstrates a novel and facial approach to achieving monodispersed sea-urchin-like Pt nanodendrites under a 1 bar hydrogen environment at 165 °C. These Pt nanodendrites can be further used as seeds for the formation of Pt/Au nanodendrites. Both Pt and Pt/Au nanodendrites exhibit the desired eletrocatalytic activities for the methanol oxidation reaction.

Three-dimensional nitrogen and sulfur co-doped holey-reduced graphene oxide frameworks anchored with MoO2 nanodots for advanced rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.

In this manuscript, we synthesize a porous three-dimensional anode material consisting of molybdenum dioxide nanodots anchored on nitrogen (N)/sulfur (S) co-doped reduced graphene oxide (GO) (3D MoO2/NP-NSG) through hydrothermal, lyophilization and thermal treatment. First, the NP-NSG is formed via hydrothermal treatment using graphene oxide, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and thiourea as the co-dopant for N and S, followed by calcination of the N/S co-doped GO in the presence of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate to obtain the 3D MoO2/NP-NSG product. This novel material exhibits a series of out-bound electrochemical performances, such as superior conductivity, high specific capacity, and excellent stability. As an anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the MoO2/NP-NSG electrode has a high initial specific capacity (1376 mAh g-1), good cycling performance (1250 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g-1), and outstanding Coulombic efficiency (99% after 450 cycles at a current density of 1 A g-1). Remarkably, the MoO2/NP-NSG battery exhibits exceedingly good rate capacities of 1021, 965, 891, 760, 649, 500 and 425 mAh g-1 at different current densities of 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 mA g-1, respectively. The superb electrochemical performance is owed to the high porosity of the 3D architecture, the synergistic effect contribution from N and S co-doped in the reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and the uniform distribution of MoO2 nanodots on the rGO surface.

[Effect of Total Ravonoids of Herba Epimedium on BMP-2/RunX2/OSX Signaling Pathway during Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of total flavonoids of Herba Epimedium (FHE) on BMP-2/RunX2/OSX signaling pathway in promoting osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). METHODS: Passage 3 BMSCs were randomly divided into the control group, the experimental group, and the inhibitor group. BMSCs in the control group were cultured in 0.2% dimethyl sulfoxide + Osteogenuxic Supplement (OS) fluid + DMEM/F12 culture media. BMSCs in the experimental group were intervened by 20 microg/mL FHE. BMSCs in the inhibitor group were intervened by 20 microg/mL FHE and 1 microg/mL NOGGIN recombinant protein. At day 9 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured. Calcium nodules were stained by alizarin red staining and the density was observed. The transcription expression of osteogenic differentiation-related proteins (type I collagen, osteocalcin, and osteopontin) and related factors of BMP-2/RunX2/OSX signaling pathway was assayed by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, ALP activities were enhanced and the density of calcium nodules significantly increased; type I collagen, osteocalcin, and osteopontin expression levels were increased in the experimental group. The expression of osteogenesis-related transcription factor was also increased in the experimental group. Noggin recombinant protein inhibited FHE promoting BMSCs osteogenesis in the inhibitor group. Compared with the experimental group, ALP activity decreased (P < 0.05), the density of calcium nodules was lowered, expression levels of type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the inhibitor group. CONCLUSION: 20 microg/mL FHE promoted osteogenic differentiation process of BMSCs by BMP-2/RunX2/OSX signaling pathway.

Facile synthesis of Pt/Pd nanodendrites for the direct oxidation of methanol.

The demand for clean and energy-efficient fuel cell systems requires electrocatalysts with greater activity and stability. Here, we report a facile wet-chemical approach for the synthesis of high-quality three-dimensional (3D) Pt/Pd bimetallic nanodendrites. The simple and unique process developed here used oleylamine as a reducing agent, and hydrogen gas to control the morphology. The as-prepared Pt/Pd nanodendrites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The nanodendrites showed superior electrocatalytic activity (609.565 mA mg(-1) Pt) for the oxidation of methanol compared with Pt nanoparticle electrocatalysts. This method could provide a general approach for the morphology-controlled synthesis of bimetallic Pt-based nanocatalysts, which are promising materials for applications in fuel cells.

[Mechanism of chlorogenic acid on apoptosis of rat nucleus pulposus cells induced by oxidative stress].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on H2O2-induced apoptosis in the rat nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). METHODS: NPCs were isolated from SD rats and cultured in vitro. Cultured cells (P3) were randomly divided into normal control group, H2O2 group, CGA + H2O2 group, CGA group and LY294002 pretreatment group. The apoptosis and ROS production of rNPCs was detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of p-Akt, BCL-2 and Akt were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with normal control group, in the H2O2 group, the production of ROS and the apoptosis rate significantly increased in rNPCs; CGA treatment inhibited ROS production and cell apoptosis, while increased the expression of p-Akt and BCL-2; LY294002, a PI3Kinse inhibitor, not only decreased the expression of p-Akt and BCL-2, but also obviously increased ROS production and cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Chlorogenic acid can protect NPCs against apoptosis by oxidative stress through decreasing reactive oxygen species production and increasing anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 expression in NPCs by activation of PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B contributes to neuropathic pain by aggravating NF-κB and glial cells activation-mediated neuroinflammation via promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress.

BACKGROUND: Neuropathic pain is a prevalent and highly debilitating condition that impacts millions of individuals globally. Neuroinflammation is considered a key factor in the development of neuropathic pain. Accumulating evidence suggests that protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) plays a crucial role in regulating neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, the specific involvement of PTP1B in neuropathic pain remains largely unknown. This study aims to examine the impact of PTP1B on neuropathic pain and unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms implicated. METHODS: In the current study, we evaluated the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) of male rats following spared nerve injury (SNI) to assess the presence of neuropathic pain. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy techniques were employed. RESULTS: Our results showed that SNI significantly elevated PTP1B levels, which was accompanied by an increase in the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers (BIP, p-PERK, p-IRE1α, and ATF6) and phosphorylated NF-κB in the spinal dorsal horn. SNI-induced mechanical allodynia was impaired by the treatment of intrathecal injection of PTP1B siRNA or PTP1B-IN-1, a specific inhibitor of PTP1B. Moreover, the intrathecal administration of PTP1B-IN-1 effectively suppressed the expression of ER stress markers (BIP, p-PERK/p-eIF2α, p-IRE1α, and ATF6), leading to the inhibition of NF-κB, microglia, and astrocytes activation, as well as a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß. However, these effects were reversed by intrathecal administration of tunicamycin (Tm, an inducer of ER stress). Additionally, intrathecal administration of Tm in healthy rats resulted in the development of mechanical allodynia and the activation of NF-κB-mediated neuroinflammatory signaling. CONCLUSIONS: The upregulation of PTP1B induced by SNI facilitates the activation of NF-κB and glial cells via ER stress in the spinal dorsal horn. This, in turn, leads to an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby contributing to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Therefore, targeting PTP1B could be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neuropathic pain.

Thermal evaporation-driven fabrication of Ru/RuO2 nanoparticles onto nickel foam for efficient overall water splitting.

Developing high-performance bifunctional electrocatalysts towards the hydrogen evolution reaction/oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER) holds great significance for efficient water splitting. This work presents a two-stage metal-organic thermal evaporation strategy for the fabrication of Ru-based catalysts (Ru/NF) through growing ruthenium (Ru)/ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) nanoparticles (NPs) on nickel foam (NF). The optimal Ru/NF shows remarkable performance in both the HER (26.1 mV) and the OER (235.4 mV) at 10 mA cm-2 in an alkaline medium. The superior OER performance can be attributed to the synergistic interaction between Ru and RuO2, facilitating fast alkaline water splitting. Density functional theory studies reveal that the resulting Ru/RuO2 with the (110) crystal surface reinforces the adsorption of oxygen on RuO2, while metallic Ru improves water dissociation in alkaline electrolytes. Besides, Ru/NF requires only 1.50 V at 10 mA cm-2 for overall water splitting, surpassing 20 wt% Pt/C/NF||RuO2/NF. This work demonstrates the promising potential of a thermal evaporation approach for designing stable Ru-based nanomaterials loaded onto conductive substrates for high performance overall water splitting.

Efficacy and safety of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia after APS team standardized postoperative pain management: A 6-year experience of an acute pain service in 107802 Chinese patients.

There are few studies on the impact of postoperative pain management (such as Acute Pain Service, APS) on the prognosis of patients, especially the research on large samples, even less data on Chinese patients. It is reported that only 25.12 % of hospitals in China have established APS or similar teams, and less than 10 % of them are responsible for the whole process of postoperative analgesia services. Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology has established a professional APS team led by anesthesiologists (TJ-APS), and has a standardized workflow and management system. Based on the TJ-APS standardized postoperative pain management, the incidence and adverse effects of postoperative pain in different types of surgical patients were analyzed. In total, 107,802 patients receiving intravenous PCA from the Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology were selected between January 2016 and December 2021, which were under TJ-APS standardized postoperative analgesia process, postoperative analgesia strategy based on the principle of "low opioid, multimodal, specialization and individualization", as well as regular ward rounds and 24-h on call on-duty system. We assessed the incidence and adverse effects of postoperative pain in different types of surgical patients. Based on the TJ-APS standardized postoperative pain management, the incidence of poor postoperative analgesia in patients with intravenous PCA is significantly lower than that reported in the current literature (20 %), and mainly occurs in biliary-pancreatic surgery, extrahepatic surgery and gastrointestinal surgery. The overall incidence of adverse effects was 5.52 %, of which nausea and vomiting was the highest, especially among gynecological tumors and gynecological patients, which were 10.75 % and 8.68 % respectively, but both were lower than the level reported in the current literature (20 %). This APS multimodal management and analgesia process can provide reference and guidance for PCA management of postoperative acute pain.

Novel mutation in exon11 of PRKCG (SCA14): A case report.

Introduction: PRKCG mutations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 14 (SCA14), which is a rare autosomal dominant disease marked by cerebellar degeneration, dysarthria, and nystagmus. Until now, there has never been a report of patients with mutations of c.1232G>C worldwide. Case description: We report a case of a 30-year-old Chinese man with episodic dystaxia, speech disorder, and cognitive impairment; however, his father exclusively exhibited a speech disorder regardless of the same mutation. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous c.1232G>C (p.G411A) variant of PRKCG. Conclusion: This case presents an extended genotype and phenotype of SCA14, and emphasizes the importance of gene sequencing in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia.

MRI-based radiomics features uncover the micro-change of dorsal root ganglia lesion for patients with post-herpetic neuralgia.

Objective: To create and authenticate MRI-based radiomic signatures to identify dorsal root ganglia (DRG) lesions in post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) patients generalizable and interpretable. Method: This prospective diagnostic study was conducted between January 2021 and February 2022. Lesioned DRG in patients with PHN and normal DRG in age-, sex-, height-, and weight-matched healthy controls were selected for assessment and divided into two groups (8:2) randomly: training and testing sets. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm was employed to generate feature signatures and construct a model, followed by the assessment of model efficacy using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC), as well as sensitivity and specificity metrics. Results: The present investigation involved 30 patients diagnosed with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), consisting of 18 males and 12 females (mean age 60.70 ± 10.18 years), as well as 30 healthy controls, comprising 18 males and 12 females (mean age 58.13 ± 10.54 years). A total of 98 DRG were randomly divided into two groups (8:2), namely a training set (n = 78) and a testing set (n = 20). Five radiomic features were chosen to construct the models. In the training dataset, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.847, while the sensitivity and specificity were 71.79 and 97.44%, respectively. In the test dataset, the AUC was 0.87, and the sensitivity and specificity were 80.00 and 100.00%, respectively. Conclusion: An MRI-based radiomic signatures model has the capacity to uncover the micro-change of damaged DRG in individuals afflicted with postherpetic neuralgia.

Transcriptomics reveals the effects of NTRK1 on endoplasmic reticulum stress response-associated genes in human neuronal cell lines.

Background: NTRK1 gene, encoding TrkA, is essential for the nervous system and drives a variety of biological processes, including pain. Given the unsatisfied analgesic effects of some new drugs targeting NTRK1 in clinic, a deeper understanding for the mechanism of NTRK1 in neurons is crucial. Methods: We assessed the transcriptional responses in SH-SY5Y cells with NTRK1 overexpression using bioinformatics analysis. GO and KEGG analyses were performed, PPI networks were constructed, and the functional modules and top 10 genes were screened. Subsequently, hub genes were validated using RT-qPCR. Results: A total of 419 DEGs were identified, including 193 upregulated and 226 downregulated genes. GO showed that upregulated genes were mainly enriched in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, protein folding in ER, etc., and downregulated genes were highly enriched in a series of cellular parts and cellular processes. KEGG showed DEGs were enriched in protein processing in ER and pathways associated with cell proliferation and migration. The finest module was dramatically enriched in the ER stress response-related biological process. The verified seven hub genes consisted of five upregulated genes (COL1A1, P4HB, HSPA5, THBS1, and XBP1) and two downregulated genes (CCND1 and COL3A1), and almost all were correlated with response to ER stress. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that NTRK1 significantly influenced the gene transcription of ER stress response in SH-SY5Y cells. It indicated that ER stress response could contribute to various functions of NTRK1-dependent neurons, and therefore, ER stress response-associated genes need further study for neurological dysfunction implicated in NTRK1.