Thrombosis in an Internal Jugular Vein and an Upper Limb Deep Vein Treated with Edoxaban.

A 45-year-old man complained of swelling of the left side of his neck and left upper limb. Ultrasonography and enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed thrombosis of the left internal jugular, subclavian, and brachiocephalic vein. Based on various examinations, the patient was diagnosed with idiopathic venous thrombosis early in his clinical course. There were no findings to suggest malignancy or abnormal coagulability. However, two months after the start of treatment, the patient was diagnosed with gastric cancer. Despite the presence of Trousseau syndrome, treatment with edoxaban (an oral anticoagulant), reduced the swelling dramatically without any bleeding complications.

Long-term benefits of monteplase before coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction.

Patients with acute myocardial infarction were randomly assigned to receive direct percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or pretreatment with intravenous monteplase followed by PCI. Although the combination of monteplase and PCI did not alter mortality compared with direct PCI, there was a dramatic reduction in the cardiac event rate over a 2-year follow-up compared with direct PCI.

Impact of irbesartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, on uric acid level and oxidative stress in high-risk hypertension patients.

Hyperuricemia is a known cardiovascular risk factor. The angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) losartan is known to decrease serum uric acid (UA) level. A recent in vitro study demonstrated a strong interaction between irbesartan and UA transporters that exceeded that of losartan. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the hypouricemic effect of irbesartan in a clinical setting. A total of 40 high-risk hypertensive outpatients with coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease and/or diabetes complications who were taking ARBs other than irbesartan and losartan were enrolled in this study. After a 4-week control period, the patients' prescribed ARBs were exchanged for an equivalent dose of irbesartan. We assessed blood pressure, heart rate, serum UA level, parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism, cardiac and renal function and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in blood samples taken immediately before the initiation of irbesartan treatment and again after 12 weeks of treatment. All 40 recruited patients were followed (31 men and 9 women, mean age: 68 years) without any dropouts. During the 12 weeks of irbesartan treatment, no significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate, parameters of lipid or glucose metabolism or other biomarkers of cardiac function, renal function, or inflammation were observed. However, UA level (5.9±1.6 to 5.5±1.6 mg ml(-1), P=0.028) and the oxidative stress marker derivative reactive oxygen metabolites (dROMs) (354±83 to 310±65 U.CARR, P<0.001) were significantly lower at 12 weeks of treatment compared with before treatment. These results suggest that irbesartan has beneficial effects on hyperuricemia and oxidative stress.

Strong modulation of ectopic focus as a mechanism of repetitive interpolated ventricular bigeminy with heart rate doubling.

BACKGROUND: Repetitive interpolated ventricular bigeminy (RIVB) can introduce a doubling of the ventricular rate. OBJECTIVE: To clarify the mechanism of RIVB, we hypothesized that it was introduced by a strong modulation of the ventricular automatic focus. METHODS: RIVB, defined as more than 7 bigeminy events, was detected by instantaneous heart rate and bigeminy interval (BI) tachograms in 1450 successive patients with frequent ventricular premature contractions (≥3000 per day). Postextrasystolic interval bigeminy interval curves were plotted to determine the degree of modulation. Mean sinus cycle length bigeminy interval curves were plotted for selection. RIVB was simulated by using a computer-based parasystole model. RESULTS: RIVB was observed in 7 patients (age 60 ± 16 years; 2 men and 5 women) with a heart rate of 58.2 ± 6.5 beats/min during a rest period both during the day and at night. The tachograms disclosed the onset of the RIVB with a doubled ventricular rate to 112.3 ± 8.5 beats/min. On the postextrasystolic interval bigeminy interval curves, compensatory bigeminy and interpolated bigeminy constituted overlapping regression lines with slopes close to 1.00 and RIVB was located in the lower left portion. RIVB lasting for up to 3 hours was quickly detected by mean sinus cycle length bigeminy interval curve. The PQ interval immediately after RIVB was prolonged in comparison with baseline (0.18 ± 0.02 to 0.21 ± 0.02 seconds; P < .001). The simulation was able to reproduce RIVB faithfully at a slow heart rate. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the hypothesis that RIVB was introduced by strongly modulated ventricular pacemaker accelerated by an intervening normal QRS.