[Effects of small-sided exercises on body composition and maximal oxygen uptake in adolescents]. / Efecto de los juegos reducidos en la composición corporal y la condición física aeróbica en un grupo de adolescentes escolares.

BACKGROUND: The regular practice of physical activity contributes to weight control and improves maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), socialization and quality of life. AIM: To determine the effect of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on body composition and VO2max in a group of overweight school-age males. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied fifty-five overweight males aged 15.6 ± 0.7 years. Participants were divided in two groups (experimental and control groups). The intervention in the experimental group was the practice of small-sided games during 60 minutes, two days per week and during 11 weeks. At baseline and the end of the intervention, body composition was measured using bioimpedance and VO2max was calculated using the Course Navette test. RESULTS: A 7% reduction in the percentage of body fat and a 9% increase in VO2max were observed in the experimental group (p < 0.01). No changes were recorded in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Eleven weeks of small-sided exercises performed twice per week increased VO2max and reduced fat mass in overweight adolescents.

Effect of sit-to-stand-based training on muscle quality in sedentary adults: a randomized controlled trial.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of sit-to-stand (STS) training programs with 5 vs. 10 repetitions on muscle architecture and muscle function in sedentary adults. Sixty participants were randomly assigned into three groups: five-repetition STS (5STS), 10-repetition STS (10STS), or a control group (CG). Participants performed three sets of five or 10 repetitions of the STS exercise three times per week for 8 weeks. Before and after 8 weeks, all groups performed ultrasound measures to evaluate muscle thickness (MT), pennation angle (PA), and fascicle length (FL), and the five-repetition STS test to estimate the relative STS power and muscle quality index (MQI). After 8 weeks, both experimental groups improved MQI (40-45%), relative STS power (29-38%), and MT (8-9%) (all p < 0.001; no differences between the 5STS vs. 10STS groups). These improvements in both groups resulted in differences regarding the CG, which did not present any change. In addition, only the 5STS group improved PA (15%; p = 0.008) without differences to the 10STS and CG.This suggests that STS training is time-effective and low-cost for improving muscle function and generating adaptations in muscle architecture.

Effect of Antioxidant Supplementation on Markers of Oxidative Stress and Muscle Damage after Strength Exercise: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the effect of antioxidant consumption on markers of oxidative stress and muscle damage after performing a muscle strength exercise. METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statements were followed. Four databases were used: Scopus, PubMed, WOS and SportDiscus. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. RESULTS: A total of 1709 articles were retrieved and following duplicate removal and application of exclusion criteria seven articles were reviewed. Supplementation with pomegranate juice alleviates oxidative stress, taurine reduces muscle damage, melatonin protects the skeletal muscles, blueberries decrease oxidation and oats mitigate muscle damage. CONCLUSIONS: Acute administration of antioxidants immediately before or during an exercise session can have beneficial effects, such as delay of fatigue and a reduction in the recovery period. Administration of antioxidant susbtances may reduce muscle damage and oxidative stress markers.

Exploration of the Shoulder Internal Rotation's Influence on Throwing Velocity in Handball Players: A Pilot Study.

The main objective of this study was to test the relationship between shoulder internal rotation strength and standing throwing velocity. A repeated measures cross-sectional study was conducted with 20 professional handball players (mean ± SD; age: 19.28 ± 2.55 years, weight: 81.52 ± 9.66 kg, height: 185 ± 6 cm, BMI: 23.74 ± 1.69). The participants were instructed to perform eight standing throws from the 7 m line of the handball court at maximum velocity to calculate the mean and maximum throwing velocity. An incremental test was performed to calculate the repetition maximum (1-RM) of internal rotation shoulder strength. A Pearson's correlation analysis with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was performed to determine whether correlations existed between dominant arm internal rotation strength characteristics and maximum and mean ball-throwing velocity. There is no correlation between the internal rotation strength of the throwing shoulder and the velocity of the ball in the standing handball throw.

Test-retest reliability of a functional electromechanical dynamometer on swing eccentric hamstring exercise measures in soccer players.

BACKGROUND: The use of a functional electromechanical dynamometer (FEMD) has been proposed as a valid and effective tool to evaluate specific movement patterns. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of FEMD on swing eccentric hamstring exercise (SEHE) measures in soccer players. METHODS: Nineteen federated male soccer players (20.74 ± 4.04 years) performed the SEHE at three different isokinetic velocities (20-40-60 cm/s). These evaluations were conducted in four sessions, two for familiarization and two for registration. The average and maximum load (N) of the three isokinetic velocities was calculated from the values obtained from the FEMD (Dynasystem®, Bangalore). RESULTS: The main results of this research showed that the reliability was high for the average load in the condition of 40 cm/s, presenting the highest ICC value (0.94). For maximum load, reliability was high in the condition of 20 cm/s. The manifestation of the most reliable load was the maximum load (ICC = 0.91-0.87). CONCLUSIONS: FEMD (Dynasystem®, Bangalore) is a reliable device to evaluate the eccentric strength of the hamstring muscles in soccer players.

Efecto de los juegos reducidos en la composición corporal y la condición física aeróbica en un grupo de adolescentes escolares / Effects of small-sided exercises on body composition and maximal oxygen uptake in adolescents

Background: The regular practice of physical activity contributes to weight control and improves maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), socialization and quality of life. Aim: To determine the effect of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on body composition and VO2max in a group of overweight school-age males. Material and Methods: We studied fifty-five overweight males aged 15.6 ± 0.7 years. Participants were divided in two groups (experimental and control groups). The intervention in the experimental group was the practice of small-sided games during 60 minutes, two days per week and during 11 weeks. At baseline and the end of the intervention, body composition was measured using bioimpedance and VO2max was calculated using the Course Navette test. Results: A 7% reduction in the percentage of body fat and a 9% increase in VO2max were observed in the experimental group (p < 0.01). No changes were recorded in the control group. Conclusions: Eleven weeks of small-sided exercises performed twice per week increased VO2max and reduced fat mass in overweight adolescents.

Validación y fiabilidad del dispositivo Haefni Health System 1.0 en la medición de la velocidad en el rango isocinético / Validity and Reliability of the Haefni Health System 1.0 device in the measurement of the isokinetic velocity range / Validação e fidelidade do dispositivo Haefni Health HHe 1.0 na medição da velocidade e da amplitude isocinética

Cuando se realizan valoraciones de cualquier protocolo de evaluación uno de los aspectos fundamentales es conocer la validez y fiabilidad de los dispositivos utilizados. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la validez y fiabilidad de la variable de velocidad en el rango isocinético (VRI)en el dispositivo Haefni Health (HHe 1.0). Un total de dos protocolo se diseñaron para el análisis de la validez y fiabilidad. Los resultados mostraron altos Índices de Correlación Intraclase (ICC2,1) para las medidas de validez y fiabilidad del dispositivo (0,998 y 0,99, respectivamente). Cuando se analizó la fiabilidad de las medidas por cada una de las condiciones de evaluación altos ICC2,1, además de bajos CV y SEM fueron encontraros (rango 0,71-0,99, rango 0,19-3,73 y rango 0,001-0,004 m•s-1, respectivamente).Los resultados obtenidos avalan la validez y fiabilidad del dispositivo Haefni Health HHe1.0 para la medición de la variable de VRI tanto para la fase concéntrica como para la fase excéntrica del movimiento (AU)

When rating any assessment protocol one of the key issues is to determine the validity and reliability of the devices used. The aim of this study was to analyze the validity and reliability of the variable velocity isokinetic range (VRI) in Haefni Health System (HHe 1.0). Two assessment protocols were design to test bot, validity and reliability. The results showed high Index of Intraclass Correlation (ICC2,1) for measures of validity and reliability of the VRI (0,998 and 0,99, respectively). Moreover, when the reliability was assessed at each criterion velocity high values of ICC2,1, range 0,71-0,99 and low CV and SEM, range 0,19-3,73% and range 0.001-0.004 m·s-1, were found respectively. The results obtained confirm the validity and reliability of HHe1.0 device for measuring VRI variable

Quando se realizam apreciações de qualquer protocolo de avaliação um dos aspectos fundamentais é conhecer a validade e fidelidade dos dispositivos utilizados. O objectivo do presente trabalho foi analisar a validade e fidelidade da variável de velocidade na amplitude isocinética (VRI) no dispositivo Haefni Health HHe 1.0. Um total de dois protocolos foram delineados para a análise da validade e fidelidade. Os resultados mostraram elevados Índices de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC2,1) para as medidas de validade e fidelidade do dispositivo (0,998 e 0,99, respectivamente). Adicionalmente, quando se analisou a fidelidade das medidas por critério de altos ICC2,1 e baixos CV e SEM foram identificados (amplitude 0,71-0,99, amplitude 0,19-3,73 e amplitude 0,001-0,004 m·s-1, respectivamente). Os resultados obtidos confirmam a validade e fidelidade do dispositivo Haefni Health HHe1.0 para a medição da variável de VRI, tanto para a fase concêntrica, como para a fase excêntrica do movimento

La percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo para el control de la carga de entrenamiento en una temporada en un equipo de balonmano / Rate of perceived exertion to monitor training load over a season in a handball team

El propósito de esta investigación es estudiar la aplicabilidad de la Percepción Subjetiva del Esfuerzo (PSE) desde una doble perspectiva, en primer lugar, como apoyo al seguimiento de la cuantificación de la carga administrada en los entrenamientos en deportes colectivos, y en segundo lugar, como herramienta ad hoc para el control diario del entrenamiento sobre lo planificado por el cuerpo técnico. La frecuencia cardiaca de reserva (FCR) ha sido utilizada para controlar la carga interna de cada sesión. Trece jugadores pertenecientes a un equipo de balonmano de División de Honor española participaron en la investigación llevada a cabo a lo largo de una temporada. Los resultados mostraron que la PSE es un buen indicador de la carga de entrenamiento, consiguiéndose además un procedimiento válido para comparar valores de la carga planificada por el equipo técnico (PSEp) con respecto a los valores reales de entrenamiento (PSEg) (rxy= .792; p < .01). Se puede concluir que la PSE junto a la FCR (rxy= .839; p < .01) son buenos marcadores para el control de la carga de entrenamiento, no invasivos, y permiten monitorizar los estados de forma de los jugadores a lo largo de la temporada (AU)

The aim of this research is to study the applicability of the Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) from a double perspective. Firstly, RPE helps coaches monitor training load over a season in team sports. Secondly RPE is used as an ad hoc tool for daily monitoring of planned training by the coaching staff. Heart rate reserve (HRR) was used to regulate the internal load of each session. Thirteen players from a Top Division Handball team participated in the research carried out over a complete season. The results showed RPE is a good indicator of training load in team sports and RPE is also a valid procedure to compare load values planned by coaches (RPEp) with actual values (RPEg) (rxy = .792; p < .01). It can be concluded that RPE and HRR (rxy = .839; p < .01) together are reliable, non-invasive measures for monitoring training load and they also help determine the physical fitness of players throughout the season (AU)

Estudio comparativo de la capacidad de realizar sprints repetidos entre jugadores de balonmano y baloncesto amateurs y profesionales / No disponible

Introducción y objetivos: Los deportes de equipo requierenjugadores que puedan realizar un número elevadode sprints cortos, intercalados con períodos de recuperacióno de intensidad, y a este tipo de esfuerzos se le hadenominado capacidad de realizar sprints repetidos (RSA).Aunque la importancia de estos esfuerzos está constatadaen deportes de equipo, la diferencia entre deportistas dedistintas disciplinas debe ser estudiada debido a la variabilidadde esfuerzos en los numerosos deportes colectivos. Lapresente investigación va encaminada a determinar las diferenciasy analogías en test RSA entre deportistas amateursy profesionales de deportes colectivos distintos como sonel baloncesto y balonmano.Método: Se evaluaron 4 equipos, 2 de baloncesto y 2 debalonmano (divididos en amateurs y profesionales). El testRSA realizado fue 8 × 30 m con 25 s de recuperación, enpista con células fotoeléctricas.Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos no muestran diferenciassignificativas en las variables cinéticas entre los diferentesgrupos. Sí se encontraron diferencias entre baloncestoprofesional y balonmano profesional (p < 0,05) en lasvariables mejor sprint y aceleración 0-10 m. Se observó undescenso en la potencia (entre el 20,51 y el 23,37%) entreel sprint 1 y 8 en los 4 grupos, pero no hubo diferenciasentre ellos.Conclusiones: El tipo de esfuerzos realizados por deportistasde deportes de cooperación y oposición de disciplinassemejantes (como baloncesto y balonmano) es similaren el test RSA, debido a que los esfuerzos realizados encompetición se asemejan mucho entre deportes y con losesfuerzos realizados en el protocolo utilizado(AU)

Introduction and aims: Team sports require players thatcan carry out a high number of short sprints, interspersedwith periods of recovery or periods of low to moderateintensity. This type of exercise, is called Repeated SprintAbility (RSA). Although the importance of these exercises isconstant in team sports, the difference in the test of RSAamong athletes of different sports or disciplines should bestudied due the variety of physical efforts required in differentteam sports. In line with this thinking, present investigation’saim is to determine the differences and analogiesof RSA tests between amateur and professional athletes ofdifferent team sports such as basketball and handball.Method: Four teams were evaluated, 2 basketball and 2handball that were divided into amateurs and professionals.The RSA test was carried out by running 8 times 30 m with25 s of recovery, on tracks with photoelectric cells.Results: The results obtained do not show significant differencesin the kinetic variables among the different groups.Differences between professional basketball and professionalhandball were found of (p < 0,05) in the best sprint andacceleration 0-10 m. A decline in power was observed (between20,51% and 23,37%) between the 1st and 8th sprintin the 4 groups, but there was not difference among them.Conclusion: The type of efforts carried out by athletes incooperation sports and similar disciplines (such as basketballand handball) are similar in the RSA test, due to theefforts carried out in competition resemble a lot betweendifferent sports and in the exercise carried out in the protocolutilized. Thus it is appropriate to emphasize that nodifferences between amateur and professional levels werefound(AU)