Early breastfeeding is associated with low risk of postpartum depression in Taiwanese women.

Breastfeeding during the first week postpartum is recognised as essential, affecting the mother's mental health. The human milk from early breastfeeding also protects against infections via the secretory IgA antibodies and plays an important role in the newborn's development. At a Baby-Friendly Hospital, early breastfeeding was promoted to increase the benefits for the newborn, but few focussed on the mother's health. The association between breastfeeding and postpartum depression (PPD) has not been fully addressed. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between breastfeeding and postpartum depression (PPD) and it included 333 Taiwanese pregnant women. Women who had a higher score of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were significant older (age ≥ 35, p < .037), had a caesarean section delivery (p < .001), and a higher score of Brief Symptom Rating Scale-5 (p < .001). Higher scores on EPDS were significantly associated with lower rates of breastfeeding, which reflected cessation of breastfeeding as an important risk factor for PPD (Odds ratio: 2.159, CI: 1.220-3.821, p = .008). Other risk factors included caesarean section delivery (Odds ratio: 2.814, CI: 1.617-4.899, p < .001) and age ≥35 years (Odds ratio: 1.821, CI: 1.057-3.137, p = .031).IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject: Breastfeeding during the first week postpartum is recognised as essential, affecting the mother's mental health. The human milk from early breastfeeding also protects against infections via the secretory IgA antibodies and plays an important role in the newborn's development. The detail association between breastfeeding and postpartum depression has not yet been fully addressed.What the results of this study add: Higher scores on EPDS were significantly associated with lower rates of breastfeeding, which reflected cessation of breastfeeding as an important risk factor for PPD (Odds ratio: 2.159, CI: 1.220-3.821, p = .008). Other risk factors included caesarean section delivery (Odds ratio: 2.814, CI: 1.617-4.899, p < .001) and age ≥35 years (Odds ratio: 1.821, CI: 1.057-3.137, p = .031).What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The early breastfeeding was significantly associated with postpartum depression. Other risk factors included caesarean section delivery and age ≥35 years.

Successful pregnancy with in vitro fertilization after vaginal radical trachelectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy in stage IB1 cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To present a case of successful pregnancy after undergoing vaginal radical trachelectomy (VRT) and pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) for early-stage cervical cancer. CASE REPORT: A 37-year-old female patient has been diagnosed with stage IB1 cervical cancer and underwent VRT and PLND. Two years after the surgery, the patient successfully conceived and delivered a healthy baby through a cesarean section. CONCLUSION: This case report demonstrates that pregnancy after VRT and PLND for stage IB1 cervical cancer is possible and can result in a successful outcome. This report provides valuable information for patients and physicians who are considering these surgical options.

Emergent cesarean section in a preterm pregnant woman with severe COVID-19 pneumonia in Taiwan: A case report.

OBJECTIVE: The pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health crisis. Many maternity units worldwide are currently establishing the management protocols for these patients. CASE REPORT: We report the first critically ill pregnant woman with COVID-19-induced respiratory failure undergoing emergent caesarean delivery at 32 weeks of gestation, in the setting of a positive pressure operating room (OR) with negative pressure anteroom in Taiwan. CONCLUSION: Multidisciplinary planning and collaboration are necessary to achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes in pregnancies with critical COVID-19 pneumonia. The combinations of comprehensive evaluation, timely treatment as well as establishment of rigorous protocol and safe environment for the emergent delivery are important.

Trabecular carcinoid tumor arising from a mature cystic teratoma.

Mature cystic teratomas (MCTs) are common benign tumors of the ovary. Coexistence of a carcinoid tumor inside an MCT is extremely rare. We present a 40-year-old woman who had intermittent abdominal pain and urinary frequency. An adnexal mass was detected during physical examination. Ultrasound indicated a 12.3 cm × 10.7 cm left ovarian mass. Surgical excision of the mass was performed, and histopathological examination revealed an MCT with three germ layers. The microcarcinoid tumor arising from an MCT showed a cord to trabecular pattern. The pathological diagnosis was a trabecular carcinoid tumor arising in an MCT. The patient did not present with carcinoid syndrome, and no recurrence was observed after 12 months of follow-up.

Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Cell Biology of Molecular Regulation in Endometrial Carcinogenesis.

Endometrial carcinogenesis is involved in several signaling pathways and it comprises multiple steps. The four major signaling pathways-PI3K/AKT, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, WNT/ß-catenin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-are involved in tumor cell metabolism, growth, proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis. The genetic mutation and germline mitochondrial DNA mutations also impair cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis signaling, and epithelial⁻mesenchymal transition by several transcription factors, leading to endometrial carcinogenesis and distant metastasis. The PI3K/AKT pathway activates the ransforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß)-mediated endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and it interacts with downstream signals to upregulate EMT-associated factors. Estrogen and progesterone signaling in EMT also play key roles in the prognosis of endometrial carcinogenesis. In this review article, we summarize the current clinical and basic research efforts regarding the detailed molecular regulation in endometrial carcinogenesis, especially in EMT, to provide novel targets for further anti-carcinogenesis treatment.

Anti-NMDAR encephalitis with ovarian teratomas: Review of the literature and two case reports.

OBJECTIVE: Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a paraneoplastic syndrome associated with ovarian teratomas. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients typically present with prominent psychiatric symptoms, seizures, and involuntary movements; further, they rapidly progress to unresponsiveness with central hypoventilation and dysautonomia. CASE REPORT: This paper presents two anti-NMDAR encephalitis cases with ovarian teratomas and reviews 13 anti-NMDAR encephalitis clinical case reports in Taiwan, of which six involved ovarian tumors, five being mature teratomas. Patients presented with acute onset of psychiatric symptoms and subsequently developed coma within a few days. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis usually occurs in young women and is often associated with ovarian tumors, specifically teratomas. Ovarian cystectomy or oophorectomy was performed, which markedly improved cognitive function. CONCLUSION: Paraneoplastic neurological conditions associated with ovarian teratomas represent a fascinating disease process. Identifying the gynecological cause of a neurological condition, particularly in young women, followed by prompt treatment can remarkably improve clinical conditions and, thus, be lifesaving.

The Emerging Role of Pathogenesis of IgA Nephropathy.

IgA nephropathy is an autoimmune disease induced by fthe ormation of galactose-deficient IgA1 and anti-glycans autoantibody. A multi-hit hypothesis was promoted to explain full expression of IgA nephropathy. The deposition of immune complex resulted in activation of the complement, increasing oxidative stress, promoting inflammatory cascade, and inducing cell apoptosis via mesangio-podocytic-tubular crosstalk. The interlinked signaling pathways of immune-complex-mediated inflammation can offer a novel target for therapeutic approaches. Treatments of IgA nephropathy are also summarized in our review article. In this article, we provide an overview of the recent basic and clinical studies in cell molecular regulation of IgAN for further treatment interventions.

Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition with Malignant Transformation Leading Multiple Metastasis from Disseminated Peritoneal Leiomyomatosis.

Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis (DPL) is a rare condition that is characterized by the presence of multiple subperitoneal or peritoneal smooth muscle nodules of varying sizes on the omentum and peritoneal surfaces, grossly mimicking disseminated carcinoma. DPL usually develops in premenopausal women with a benign course, and it is often found incidentally during abdominal surgery. Malignant transformation is a rare clinical course of DPL. Only a few studies have focused on DPL transformation into a leiomyosarcoma. Herein, we describe the case of a 61-year-old woman with a history of recurrent leiomyoma of the uterus who presented with intermittent progressive abdominal pain. The imaging study revealed a huge heterogeneous density mass in the pelvic region with pulmonary and hepatic metastases. Exploratory laparotomy and debulking surgery were performed, and showed the coexistence of DPL and leiomyosarcoma. She died approximately one month after the diagnosis because of rapid progression of pleural effusion due to malignancy. This case highlights the clinical features of DPL and its malignant transformation and metastasis so physicians can make an early diagnosis and provide timely management.

Very early stage adenocarcinoma arising from adenomyosis in the uterus.

OBJECTIVE: Malignant transformations of adenomyosis in premenopausal women with normal endometrium are extremely rare. We report a case of adenocarcinoma arising from an adenomyotic focus in the uterus, which was found unexpectedly in a woman undergoing myomectomy for adenomyosis. CASE REPORT: A 47-year-old premenopausal woman presented with massive vaginal bleeding and anemia. She was admitted and underwent myomectomy under the initial diagnosis of uterine leiomyoma. Microscopic studies revealed endometrioid adenocarcinoma, which was a malignant transformation of a focus of adenomyosis in the surgical specimen. A total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy was then performed. Pathologic studies showed no residual tumors in the entire resected specimen except for the previous lesion. The endometrium had normal thickness with mild proliferative activity throughout the cavity. There was no atrophic or hyperplastic change in the whole endometrium. The adenocarcinoma was present exclusively in the myometrium, and a transition between the carcinoma and the adenomyotic glands was observed. CONCLUSION: This case report presents evidence that adenocarcinoma may a rise de novo from an adenomyotic lesion in the uterus.

Trocar-assisted sling suspension for stress urinary incontinence: three-year follow-up.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate 3-year outcomes of trocar-assisted sling suspension (TASS) for genuine stress incontinence. DESIGN: Retrospective review (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: University-based, tertiary-level center for endoscopic surgery. PATIENTS: One hundred forty women with genuine stress incontinence with bladder neck hypermobility. INTERVENTION: After standard surgery preparation and general endotracheal anesthesia, TASS was performed. The periurethral space and thicker parts of the pubocervical fascia were opened from the vagina. A 0.5-cm incision was made on both sides of the lower abdomen and was measured 4-cm lateral to the linea album and 2-3-cm above the pubic bone. A trocar was used to penetrate the incision site to the space of Retzius. A 2-cm x 30-cm folded polypropylene mesh was placed inside the vagina and was then pulled out of the trocar sheath by a laparoscopic forceps. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All patients completed the procedures without exception. The average blood loss was less than 50 mL (range 10-200 mL). The operative time ranged from 20 to 90 minutes with a mean time of 32 +/- 12 minutes. Eleven patients had voiding difficulty. Six of them voided well after intermittent self-catheterization performed 28 days postoperatively. Seven patients had poor healing of the anterior vaginal wall; therefore, removal of mesh and wound repair were performed. One patient suffered from a retroperitoneal hematoma, and one patient had an intraoperative bladder injury. The overall complication rate was 14.3%. During 12-36 months of follow-up, 134 of 140 patients (95.7%) were satisfied with the surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of our pilot study, TASS is quite feasible as a method of treatment for stress urinary incontinence. The surgery is not difficult to perform when compared with Burch colposuspension. Moreover, it encompasses the simplicity and effectiveness of tension-free vaginal tape surgery. In addition, TASS also can correct lateral wall defects such as cystocele.

Feasibility of human telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA expression in individual blastomeres as an indicator of early embryo development.

PURPOSE: The study was undertaken to test whether human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) transcripts in an individual blastomere could be used as an indicator for embryo development. METHODS: Group A consisted of day 3 normal cleaving embryos at 4- to 8-cell stage, which were surplus and not allocated for uterine transfer. Group B consisted of arrested or fragmented embryos at the same stage, which were considered to be compromised. After blastomere dissociation, RNA purification, reverse transcription, and hTERT PCR amplification, the amplified product was separated by 3% gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: Eighty-six (90.5%) of the 95 intact blastomeres in group A and 78 (70.9%) of the 110 blastomeres in group B demonstrated hTERT mRNA expression. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05, chi-square). Eight (38.1%) of the 21 embryos in group A and 22 (62.9%) of the 35 embryos in group B had at least one blastomere that did not express hTERT mRNA under this procedure. The difference was not significant (P > 0.05, chi-square). CONCLUSIONS: General hTERT mRNA transcripts can be detected in most of the individual blastomeres but cannot be used as an indicator for early embryo development. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate its clinical application.