RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate whether type of work is associated with anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Additionally, we investigated the impact of number of working hours on anxiety and depression. METHODS: A total of 1774 workers participated and completed the HADS to determine their levels of anxiety and depression. All subjects were employed at one of two manufacturing plants for the same company. Of all participants, 222 were employed in office jobs and 1552 in manufacturing jobs. RESULTS: Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis including age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, factory region, and working hours, indicated that employment in an office job was associated with a 2.17-fold increase in the odds of anxiety compared to a manufacturing job (odds ratio [OR] = 2.17; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.24-3.80). Office jobs were also associated with a 1.94-fold increase in the odds of depression (OR = 1.94; 95 % CI, 1.34-2.82). In addition, number of hours worked was significantly associated with depression, and working hours significantly modified the effect of office job employment on the risk of depression. CONCLUSIONS: Office job workers had higher levels of anxiety and depression than those working in manufacturing jobs. Our findings suggest that occupational physicians should consider the organizational risks faced by office job employees, and consider the differences in psychological health between office and manufacturing job workers when implementing interventions.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The purpose if this study was to describe the follow-up ultrasound (US) findings of percutaneous US-guided laser ablation for small benign breast lesions, and to define the procedural success. BACKGROUND DATA: There are limited reports on follow-up imaging after laser ablation, because the ablated tumors were generally resected by surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: US-guided laser ablation was performed on 19 benign breast lesions in 10 patients. The median size of the lesions was 7.8 mm (range, 3-11 mm). The lesions were diagnosed as image-pathology concordant benign by US-guided core biopsy. After ablation, we performed follow-up US with an interval of 3-12 months; the median follow-up period was 32 months (range, 30-36 months). We evaluated the morphologic and size changes by using serial follow-up US. RESULTS: US findings of the 13 cases followed within the first 6 months after ablation showed hypoechoic lesions having inner hyperechogenicity with or without a hypoechoic center. The size of these lesions during this period increased in comparison with the initial lesion size, and then decreased or became stable on serial follow-up US. On the last follow-up US examination, in 14 cases (73.6%), the lesions were invisible, 4 cases (21.1%) showed scar changes, and 1 case (5.3%) showed a hypoechoic remnant lesion. CONCLUSIONS: US findings within 6 months after laser ablation showed mixed echoic lesions with increased size, followed by gradual decrease in size. Therefore, the success of laser ablation may be evaluated by checking the changes in the lesions by comparing the size of the lesions with the first follow-up US within 6 months and not the original tumor.