Evaluation of penalized and machine learning methods for asthma disease prediction in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).

BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association studies have successfully identified genetic variants associated with human disease. Various statistical approaches based on penalized and machine learning methods have recently been proposed for disease prediction. In this study, we evaluated the performance of several such methods for predicting asthma using the Korean Chip (KORV1.1) from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). RESULTS: First, single-nucleotide polymorphisms were selected via single-variant tests using logistic regression with the adjustment of several epidemiological factors. Next, we evaluated the following methods for disease prediction: ridge, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, elastic net, smoothly clipped absolute deviation, support vector machine, random forest, boosting, bagging, naïve Bayes, and k-nearest neighbor. Finally, we compared their predictive performance based on the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curves, precision, recall, F1-score, Cohen's Kappa, balanced accuracy, error rate, Matthews correlation coefficient, and area under the precision-recall curve. Additionally, three oversampling algorithms are used to deal with imbalance problems. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that penalized methods exhibit better predictive performance for asthma than that achieved via machine learning methods. On the other hand, in the oversampling study, randomforest and boosting methods overall showed better prediction performance than penalized methods.

Self-Assembled Molecular Layers as Interfacial Engineering Nanomaterials in Rechargeable Battery Applications.

Rechargeable batteries have transformed human lives and modern industry, ushering in new technological advancements such as mobile consumer electronics and electric vehicles. However, to fulfill escalating demands, it is crucial to address several critical issues including energy density, production cost, cycle life and durability, temperature sensitivity, and safety concerns is imperative. Recent research has shed light on the intricate relationship between these challenges and the chemical processes occurring at the electrode-electrolyte interface. Consequently, a novel approach has emerged, utilizing self-assembled molecular layers (SAMLs) of meticulously designed molecules as nanomaterials for interface engineering. This research provides a comprehensive overview of recent studies underscoring the significant roles played by SAML in rechargeable battery applications. It discusses the mechanisms and advantageous features arising from the incorporation of SAML. Moreover, it delineates the remaining challenges in SAML-based rechargeable battery research and technology, while also outlining future perspectives.

Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy of Korean registered disabled by disability type in 2014-2018: Korea National Rehabilitation Center database.

BACKGROUND: Conducting a distinct comparison between the life expectancy (LE) and healthy life expectancy (HALE) of people with disabilities (PWDs) and the general population is necessary due to the various environmental and health conditions they encounter. Therefore, this study aimed to develop the life table for PWDs and calculate those of LE and HALE based on sex, severity, and disability types among the registered Korean PWDs. METHODS: We used aggregated data of registered PWDs from the Korea National Rehabilitation Center database between 2014 and 2018. Overall, 345,595 deaths were included among 12,627,428 registered PWDs. First, we calculated the LE for total PWDs and non-disabled people using a standard life table, extending the old age mortality among nine models. Subsequently, we calculated the LE for each type of disability using the relationship between the mortality of total PWDs and those of each type of disability. Finally, HALE was calculated using the Sullivan method for three types as follows: disability-free and perceived health (PH) using the National Survey, and hospitalized for ≥ 7 days using the Korea National Health Insurance System (NHIS) database. RESULTS: The calculated LE/HALE-NHIS (years) at registration in males and females were 81.32/73.32 and 87.38/75.58, 68.54/58.98 and 71.43/59.24, 73.87/65.43 and 78.25/67.51, and 61.53/50.48 and 62.41/49.72 years among non-disabled, total PWDs, mild disabled, and severe disabled, respectively. LE/HALE-NHIS was lowest and highest in respiratory dysfunction and hearing disabilities, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Males with disabilities had shorter LE and HALE at registration than females, except for those with severe disabilities, and there were variabilities in the LE based on the disability types.

The ecology of medical care in Korea: the association of a regular doctor and medical care utilization.

BACKGROUNDS: There is no registered regular doctor system in Korea, but people voluntarily select regular doctors for medical services. This study aims to study the ecology of medical care in Korea according to the presence and type of a regular doctor. METHODS: This study was conducted using Korean Health Panel survey in 2018. The proportion of people who had health problems and received medical care in various settings was analyzed per 1,000 people according to the following groups: without a regular doctor, having a clinic physician as a regular doctor, and having a hospital physician as a regular doctor. The adjusted odds ratio for usage of medical services was calculated. RESULTS: Health problems and medical care use increased in the groups in this order: group without a regular doctor, group with a clinic physician as a regular doctor, the group with a hospital physician a regular doctor. Having a hospital physician as a regular doctor was associated with higher odds of inpatient care and emergency room visits, and having a clinic physician as a regular doctor was not associated with odds of inpatient care and emergency room visits when adjusting demographic and health-related variables. CONCLUSION: Depending on whether having a regular doctor and a regular doctor's type, different ecology of medical care was observed. The position and role of a regular doctor in the context of the Korea health care system should be considered from the perspective of primary care.

Association between coffee consumption and periodontal diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated association between coffee consumption and periodontal diseases. However, no systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between coffee intake and periodontitis. METHODS: We defined PICO statement as "Do coffee drinkers have a higher association of periodontitis or tooth loss than non-coffee drinkers?". We searched for articles using the Embase and Medline databases. The odds ratio was used as an effect measure to evaluate the association between coffee and periodontitis We divided coffee intake doses into three groups: no intake (≤ 0.03 cups/day), low intake (0.03 < x < 1 cups/day), and high intake (≥ 1 cup/day). Cohort and cross-sectional studies were eligible for inclusion in this study. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to qualitatively assess the risk of bias. The degree of heterogeneity between studies was quantified using I2 statistics. RESULTS: Six articles were analysed, including two cohort studies and four cross-sectional studies. The pooled unadjusted odds ratios of periodontitis were 1.14 (0.93-1.39), 1.05 (0.73-1.52), 1.03 (0.91-1.16) and 1.10 (0.84-1.45) in the 4 meta-analyses (coffee drinker vs. non-coffee drinker, high intake vs. low intake, low intake vs. no intake, high intake vs. no intake), respectively. CONCLUSION: This is the first meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between coffee consumption and periodontitis. There was no relationship between coffee consumption and periodontitis. Further studies are required to assess whether a relationship between coffee consumption and periodontitis exists or not. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022301341.

Team-based primary care program for disabled people and changes in rate of unmet health care needs.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have been conducted on the application of specific and practical methods, such as interventions, for reducing the unmet health care needs (UHCN) of disabled people. OBJECTIVES: The study aims to evaluate the impact of the team-based primary care program (TPCP) for disabled people on UHCN. METHOD: In 2017, we surveyed 696 disabled people who were enrolled in the TPCP at one of the 11 institutions belonging to the Korea Health Welfare Social Cooperative Federation from 2015 to 2017 to assess their unmet needs before and after enrolment. We conducted a logistic regression analysis before and after the program to evaluate the relationship between participation period and unmet needs after adjusting for physician type, gender, age, drinking, monthly income, disability type, personal assistance services and living alone. RESULT: After using the service, the proportion of disabled people with unmet needs decreased from 42.9% to 20.4% for a medical doctor and 43.6% to 18.6% for a Korean medical (KM) doctor. After adjusting for related factors and stratifying with type of physician, the proportion of disabled people with unmet needs decreased significantly in response to the participation period for the medical doctor-involved program (P-trend < 0.001); this was not observed in the KM counterpart (P-trend = 0.6). CONCLUSION: The TPCP for disabled people provides disease prevention, health care and health promotion activities and is crucial for solving the unmet needs.

Control of the Induced Handedness of Helical Nanofilaments Employing Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Fields.

In this paper, a simple and powerful method to control the induced handedness of helical nanofilaments (HNFs) is presented. The nanofilaments are formed by achiral bent-core liquid crystal molecules employing a cholesteric liquid crystal field obtained by doping a rod-like nematogen with a chiral dopant. Homochiral helical nanofilaments are formed in the nanophase-separated helical nanofilament/cholesteric phase from a mixture with a cholesteric phase. This cholesteric phase forms at a temperature higher than the temperature at which the helical nanofilament in a bent-core molecule appears. Under such conditions, the cholesteric liquid crystal field acts as a driving force in the nucleation of HNFs, realizing a perfectly homochiral domain consisting of identical helical nanofilament handedness.

A pilot study of team-based primary health care for people with disabilities in South Korea.

To assess the feasibility of a primary health care (PHC) project for people with disabilities (PwDs) in South Korea, participants' experiences and perceptions were explored using the Analysis of Determinants of Policy Impact (ADEPT) model as a guide. Three focus group interviews and three one-on-one interviews were administered, and a directed content analysis was conducted based on four determinants from the ADEPT model. The findings showed that the project goal should be specified and reviewed periodically by participants. Although they were willing to devote themselves to the project, lack of a clear job description or mutual understanding often led to participants, especially health coordinators, feeling overwhelmed with their workload. Nevertheless, the project gave PwDs an opportunity to feel that they were being cared for by their care providers, while the participants as service providers had an opportunity to provide integrated care to their patients. For the successful settlement of team-based, person-centered PHC in South Korea, the formal PHC education should include an interprofessional team approach emphasizing communication skills among the health workforce. Opinions of PwDs and their family members also need to be reflected in the content of PHC.

Effect of fermented spent instant coffee grounds on milk productivity and blood profiles of lactating dairy cows.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the fermentation characteristics under low mesophilic temperature of spent instant coffee ground (SICG) and to estimate the effect of fermented SICG (FSICG) as alternative feed ingredient on milk productivity of dairy cows. METHODS: In the fermentation trial, fermentation of SICG was performed to investigate changes in characteristics using the microbial mixture (Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Bacillus subtilis = 1:1:1) for 21 days at 20°C under anaerobic conditions. Molasses was added at 5% of dry mass. In the animal trial, eighteen Holstein Friesian cows were used to evaluate the nutritive value of the FSICG which was fermented for 14 days under the same condition as the fermentation trial. RESULTS: In the fermentation trial, the dry matter (DM) and organic matter content linearly decreased with fermentation time (p<0.001 and p = 0.008, respectively). The acid detergent insoluble nitrogen content linearly decreased with fermentation time (p = 0.037). The microorganism counts linearly increased for Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Bacillus subtilis across fermentation time (p<0.001). In the animal trial, the DM intake of the control and FSICG treatment were not significantly different, as were milk yield, 4% fat corrected milk, fat-protein corrected milk, and feed to milk conversion content. Fat, protein, lactose, non-fat solids, milk urea nitrogen, and somatic cell counts were also not significantly different in milk composition between treatments. CONCLUSION: FSICG should be considered a sufficient substitute for cottonseed as a feed component, and 5% DM of a dietary FSICG level was appropriate for dairy cow diets.

Effects of dietary fermented spent coffee ground on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization in sheep.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the effect of fermented spent coffee ground (FSCG) on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization in sheep. METHODS: Fermentation of spent coffee ground (SCG) was conducted using Lactobacillus plantrum. Fermentation was performed at moisture content of 70% and temperature of 39°C with anaerobic air tension for 48 h. Four adult rams (initial body weight = 56.8±0.4 kg) were housed in a respiration-metabolism chamber and the treatments were: i) control (Basal diet; 0% SCG or FSCG), ii) 10% level of SCG, iii) 10% level of FSCG, and iv) 20% level of FSCG in 4×4 Latin square design. Each dietary experiment period lasted for 18-d with a 14-d of adaptation period and a 4-d of sample collection period. RESULTS: In SCG fermentation experimental result, acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) concentration of FSCG (64.5% of total N) was lower than that of non-fermented SCG (78.8% of total N). Digestibility of dry matter and organic matter was similar among treatment groups. Although crude protein (CP) digestibility of the control was greater than FSCG groups (p< 0.05), the 10% FSCG group showed greater CP digestibility and nitrogen retention than non-fermented 10% SCG group (p<0.05). Body weight gain and average daily gain were linearly decreased with increasing FSCG feeding level (p<0.05). When the feeding level of FSCG was increased, water intake was linearly increased (p<0.05). With an increasing FSCG level, dry matter intake did not differ among groups, although the gain to feed ratio tended to decrease with increasing level of FSCG (p<0.10). CONCLUSION: Microbial fermentation of SCG can improve protein digestibility, thereby increasing CP digestibility and nitrogen utilization in sheep. Fermentation using microorganisms in feed ingredients with low digestibility could have a positive effect on improving the quality of raw feed.

Effects of dietary supplementation with fermented and non-fermented brown algae by-products on laying performance, egg quality, and blood profile in laying hens.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with fermented and non-fermented brown algae by-products on the laying performance, egg quality, relative organ weight, and blood profile of laying hens. METHODS: Hy-Line Brown chickens (n = 180; 70-week-old) were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates per group (3 hens per cage, 4 cages per replicate), and fed with 5 experimental diets, namely the basal control diet (CON) or the control diet supplemented with 0.5% brown seaweed (BS), 0.5% seaweed fusiforme (SF), 0.5% fermented brown seaweed (FBS), or 0.5% fermented seaweed fusiforme (FSF), for 4 weeks. RESULTS: Egg production rate and egg mass were greater in the BS group than in the other groups (p<0.05), and the SF and FSF groups had greater egg production than the control group (p<0.05). Egg weight was higher in the BS group than in the other groups (p<0.05). There were no differences in eggshell color, egg yolk color, eggshell strength, or eggshell thickness among the groups. There was no difference in Haugh units among the treatment groups, except for the FSF group, which had a significantly lower value (p<0.05). The non-fermented groups had greater relative organ weights, particularly the liver and cecum, than the other groups (p<0.05). Regarding blood profile, the supplemented-diet groups had higher albumin levels than the control group (p<0.05). The FBS group had higher total cholesterol and triglyceride levels than the other groups (p<0.05). The BS and FBS groups had higher glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels than the other groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that dietary brown algae supplementation can improve egg-laying performance; however, supplementation with fermented seaweeds had no positive effect on the egg-laying performance of hens.

Effects of feeding level on nutrient digestibility and enteric methane production in growing goats (Capra hircus hircus) and Sika deer (Cervus nippon hortulorum)

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeding level on nutrient digestibility and enteric methane (CH4) emissions in growing goats and Sika deer. METHODS: Three growing male goats (initial body weight [BW] of 22.4±0.9 kg) and three growing male deer (initial BW of 20.2±4.8 kg) were each allotted to a respiration-metabolism chamber for an adaptation period of 7 d and a data collection period of 3 d. An experimental diet was offered to each animal at one of three feeding levels (1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5% of BW) in a 3×3 Latin square design. The chambers were used for measuring enteric CH4 emission. RESULTS: Nutrient digestibility decreased linearly in goats as feeding level increased, whereas Sika deer digestibility was not affected by feeding level. The enteric production of CH4 expressed as g/kg dry matter intake (DMI), g/kg organic matter intake, and % of gross energy intake decreased linearly with increased feeding level in goats; however, that of Sika deer was not affected by feeding level. Six equations were estimated for predicting the enteric CH4 emission from goats and Sika deer. For goat, equation 1 was found to be of the highest accuracy: CH4 (g/d) = 6.2 (±14.1)+10.2 (±7.01)×DMI (kg/d)+0.0048 (±0.0275)×dry matter digestibility (DMD, g/kg)-0.0070 (±0.0187)×neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD; g/kg). For Sika deer, equation 4 was found to be of the highest accuracy: CH4 (g/d) = -13.0 (±30.8)+29.4 (±3.93)×DMI (kg/d)+0.046 (0.094)×DMD (g/kg)-0.0363 (±0.0636)×NDFD (g/kg). CONCLUSION: Increasing the feeding level increased CH4 production in both goats and Sika deer, and predictive models of enteric CH4 production by goats and Sika deer were estimated.

The stability of water- and fat-soluble vitamin in dentifrices according to pH level and storage type.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the vitamin stabilities in dentifrices by analyzing various vitamins according to the level and storage temperature. The stabilities of water- and fat-soluble vitamins were investigated in buffer solution at different pH values (4, 7, 8, 10 and 11) for 14 days and in dentifrices at different pH (7 and 10) for 5 months at two temperature conditions (room and refrigeration temperature) by analyzing the remaining amounts using HPLC methods. In the buffer solution, the stability of vitamins B1 , B6 and C was increased as the pH values increased. Vitamins E and K showed poor stability at pH 4, and vitamin B3 showed poor stability at pH 11. In dentifrices, the storage temperature highly influenced vitamin stability, especially vitamins C and E, but the stabilities of vitamins B1 and C according to pH values did not correspond to the buffer solution tests. Vitamin B group was relatively stable in dentifrices, but vitamin C completely disappeared after 5 months. Vitamin K showed the least initial preservation rates. Vitamins were not detected in commercial dentifrices for adults and detected amounts were less than the advertised contents in dentifrices for children.

Effects of an empowerment program for self-management among rural older adults with hypertension in South Korea.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the effects of an empowerment program for hypertension self-management among rural older adults in South Korea. DESIGN: A pretest-posttest controlled design for a 12-month hypertension self-management program with assessments at commencement, 6 months and 12 months. SETTING: Two subsistence farming areas. PARTICIPANTS: Subsistence farmers aged 65 and over: intervention group (n = 41) and control group (n = 36). INTERVENTION: Twelve-month empowerment program for hypertension self-management. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-efficacy, social support, self-care behaviours, blood pressure control and renal function. RESULTS: There were significant interactions of group by time for self-efficacy (P < 0.001) and self-care behaviour (P = 0.019). Blood pressure control at 12 months also showed a significant improvement in the empowered group compared with the control group (82.8% versus 56.8%, P < 0.014). Other clinical outcomes, including systolic blood pressure (P = 0.006) and renal function (P < 0.001), showed significant interactions of group by time. CONCLUSIONS: The empowerment program was effective for rural older adults with hypertension in South Korea. Further investigation of the relationships among core components of empowerment would be beneficial.

3,4,5-trihydroxycinnamic acid inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation by Nrf2 activation in vitro and improves survival of mice in LPS-induced endotoxemia model in vivo.

NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been demonstrated to be a key transcription factor regulating the anti-inflammatory genes including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in experimental sepsis models. Based on the fact that 3,4,5-trihydorxycinnamic acid (THC) has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties in BV2 microglial cells, the possible effects of THC and its underlying mechanism was examined against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cell culture and septic mouse models. Pretreatment of RAW 264.7 cells with THC significantly attenuated LPS-induced NO, PGE2 production, and expression of iNOS and COX-2. THC also significantly suppressed LPS-induced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and degradation of IκB-α. Increased phosphorylation of Nrf2 and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 were observed with THC treatment with consequent expression of HO-1. The data demonstrated that multiple signaling pathways including Akt, p38, and PKC are involved in the THC-induced activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Treatment of THC resulted in significantly increased survival of LPS-induced septic mice. THC also significantly ameliorated LPS-induced septic features such as hypothermia and increased vascular leakage. In accordance with the data from cell culture model, THC exhibited increased expression of HO-1 in kidney and decreased serum level of pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-1ß, and NO. Taken together, the present study for the first time demonstrates that THC inhibits inflammation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells by Nrf2 activation and improves survival of mice in LPS-induced endotoxemia model.

Compassion Catalysts: Unveiling Proactive Pathways to Job Performance.

This study aims to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between the experiences of compassion and job performance. Specifically, we test if positive emotion and job crafting could help explain the experience of the compassion-job performance link. Using a sample of 312 employees in large-sized domestic companies located in South Korea, we found that the experience of compassion was positively related to job performance. In addition, we adopted the motivational approach to demonstrate that the positive relationship between the experience of compassion and job performance was sequentially mediated by positive emotion and job crafting. Our study advances the literature on workplace compassion by introducing job crafting as a novel driver in explaining the positive effects of compassion and contributes novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the relationship between compassion and job performance. Our findings also suggest that to enhance employees' job performance and facilitate employees' proactive behaviors (i.e., job crafting), organizations must foster a compassionate work environment by placing high importance on compassion.

Vitamin D Status and Reference Intervals Measured by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Early Adulthood to Geriatric Ages in a South Korean Population during 2017-2022.

This study aimed to describe the latest 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status of the South Korean population aged ≥ 20 years using 25(OH)D concentrations measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and to determine the factors associated with total 25(OH)D concentrations. This cross-sectional, retrospective study consecutively selected 119,335 subjects with a median age of 57 (20-101) years who underwent health checkups among 13 Korean cities during 2017-2022. The total 25(OH)D concentration was 54.5 ± 24.0 nmol/L (mean ± SD). The 7.6%, 47.5%, and 82.9% of participants had 25(OH)D less than 25, 50, and 75 nmol/L, respectively. The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency (<25 nmol/L) was higher in females than in males (8.9% vs. 6.1%) and varied between age groups, decreasing in older subjects. Those aged 20-29 years had the highest prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency (23.0% in females and 20.1% in males), which also varied between cities. In the adjusted model, female sex, older age, summer and autumn seasons, lower body mass index (<25 kg/m2), and lower high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration (<1 mg/L) were associated with higher total 25(OH)D concentrations. This study could provide an exact understanding of the status of vitamin D and help devise strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency among the Korean population.

Tonicity-induced cargo loading into extracellular vesicles.

The current challenge in using extracellular vesicles (EVs) as drug delivery vehicles is to precisely control their membrane permeability, specifically in the ability to switch between permeable and impermeable states without compromising their integrity and functionality. Here, we introduce a rapid, efficient, and gentle loading method for EVs based on tonicity control (TC) using a lab-on-a-disc platform. In this technique, a hypotonic solution was used for temporarily permeabilizing a membrane ("on" state), allowing the influx of molecules into EVs. The subsequent isotonic washing led to an impermeable membrane ("off" state). This loading cycle enables the loading of different cargos into EVs, such as doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox), ssDNA, and miRNA. The TC approach was shown to be more effective than traditional methods such as sonication or extrusion, with loading yields that were 4.3-fold and 7.2-fold greater, respectively. Finally, the intracellular assessments of miRNA-497-loaded EVs and doxorubicin-loaded EVs confirmed the superior performance of TC-prepared formulations and demonstrated the impact of encapsulation heterogeneity on the therapeutic outcome, signifying potential opportunities for developing novel exosome-based therapeutic systems for clinical applications.

Circularly Polarized Light Emission from Nonchiral Perovskites Incorporated into Nanoporous Cholesteric Polymer Templates.

Chiral perovskites have garnered significant attention, owing to their chiroptical properties and emerging applications. Current fabrication methods often involve complex chemical synthesis routes. Herein, an alternative approach for introducing chirality into nonchiral hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) using nanotemplates composed of cholesteric polymeric networks is proposed. This method eliminates the need for additional molecular design. In this process, HOIP precursors are incorporated into a porous cholesteric polymer film, and two-dimensional (2D) HOIPs grow inside the nanopores. Circularly polarized light emission (CPLE) was observed even though the selective reflection band of the cholesteric polymer films containing a representative HOIP deviated from the emission wavelength of the 2D HOIP. This effect was confirmed by the induced circular dichroism (CD) observed in the absorbance band of the HOIP. The observed CPLE and CD are attributed to the chirality induced by the template in the originally nonchiral 2D HOIP. Additionally, the developed 2D HOIP exhibited a long exciton lifetime and good stability under harsh conditions. These findings provide valuable insights into the development and design of innovative optoelectronic materials.

Physical Unclonable Functions Employing Circularly Polarized Light Emission from Nematic Liquid Crystal Ordering Directed by Helical Nanofilaments.

This study proposes the use of physical unclonable functions employing circularly polarized light emission (CPLE) from nematic liquid crystal (NLC) ordering directed by helical nanofilaments in a mixed system composed of a calamitic NLC mixture and a bent-core molecule. To achieve this, an intrinsically nonemissive NLC is blended with a high concentration of a luminescent rod-like dye, which is miscible up to 10 wt % in the calamitic NLC without a significant decrease in the degree of alignment. The luminescence dissymmetry factor of CPLEs in the mixed system strongly depends on the degree of alignment of the dye-doped NLCs. Furthermore, the mixed system prepared in this study exhibits two randomly generated chiral domains with CPLEs of opposite signs. These chiral domains are characterized not only by their CPLE performances but also by their ability to generate random patterns up to several millimeters, making them promising candidates for high-performance secure authentication applications.