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1.
Br J Cancer ; 129(12): 1949-1955, 2023 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37932513

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Methods to improve stratification of small (≤15 mm) lung nodules are needed. We aimed to develop a radiomics model to assist lung cancer diagnosis. METHODS: Patients were retrospectively identified using health records from January 2007 to December 2018. The external test set was obtained from the national LIBRA study and a prospective Lung Cancer Screening programme. Radiomics features were extracted from multi-region CT segmentations using TexLab2.0. LASSO regression generated the 5-feature small nodule radiomics-predictive-vector (SN-RPV). K-means clustering was used to split patients into risk groups according to SN-RPV. Model performance was compared to 6 thoracic radiologists. SN-RPV and radiologist risk groups were combined to generate "Safety-Net" and "Early Diagnosis" decision-support tools. RESULTS: In total, 810 patients with 990 nodules were included. The AUC for malignancy prediction was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.82-0.87), 0.78 (95% CI: 0.70-0.85) and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.59-0.92) for the training, test and external test datasets, respectively. The test set accuracy was 73% (95% CI: 65-81%) and resulted in 66.67% improvements in potentially missed [8/12] or delayed [6/9] cancers, compared to the radiologist with performance closest to the mean of six readers. CONCLUSIONS: SN-RPV may provide net-benefit in terms of earlier cancer diagnosis.


Asunto(s)
Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Radiólogos , Pulmón
2.
J Foot Ankle Surg ; 62(5): 888-892, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37369276

RESUMEN

The posterior tibial tendon is a gliding tendon which courses around the medial malleolus and fails in posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction (PTTD) leading to a flat foot deformity. Distal tibial bone spurs have been identified as a secondary sign of PTTD although they have not been quantified in detail. The aim of this study was to assess the association of tendon dysfunction with the bony morphology of the tibial retro-malleolar groove. We performed a retrospective review of the clinical presentation, plain radiographs, and 103 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in 82 consecutive patients with PTTD compared with a non-PTTD group. We carried out a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the presence of plain radiographic bone spurs, stage of PTTD and MRI imaging of the morphology of the tibial bony malleolar groove. Plain radiographic bone spurs, as a secondary sign of PTTD, were present in 21.3% of ankle radiographs. MRI bone spurs were identified in 26/41 (63.4%) for all high-grade partial and complete tears and 7/41 (17.1%) for isolated complete tears compared with only 3.9% of the non-PTTD group. There was a significant association between the presence of bone spurs on MRI imaging and high-grade partial and complete tibialis posterior tears (p < .001; odds ratio of 4.98). Eleven of 103 (10.7%) of spurs were large and in 4/103 (3.9%) were substantial enough to create a tunnel-like hypertrophic groove not previously reported. There is variation in the bony structure of the malleolar groove in PTTD not observed in the non-PTTD group. Further investigation over time may elucidate whether the groove morphology may lead to mechanical attrition of the tibialis posterior tendon and contribute to failure of healing and progressive tendon degeneration.


Asunto(s)
Exostosis , Pie Plano , Osteofito , Disfunción del Tendón Tibial Posterior , Humanos , Osteofito/complicaciones , Osteofito/patología , Disfunción del Tendón Tibial Posterior/diagnóstico por imagen , Disfunción del Tendón Tibial Posterior/complicaciones , Pie , Tendones/patología , Pie Plano/diagnóstico , Exostosis/complicaciones
3.
Skeletal Radiol ; 50(10): 1921-1940, 2021 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33787962

RESUMEN

The non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses (N-LCH) represent a group of rare diseases with different clinical presentations and imaging features to classical LCH. While there is a long list of entities, only few present with musculoskeletal soft tissue and osseous manifestations alongside the more commonly reported systemic findings. Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is typically seen in adults as bilateral and symmetrical long bone osteosclerosis. Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is more commonly seen in children and young adults with bone involvement usually being a manifestation of extra-nodal disease. Primary osseous RDD is very rare, with both displaying rather non-specific imaging features of an expansile lucent lesion with or without an extra-osseous component. Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a benign disorder typically seen in very young children. The most common imaging manifestation is a dermal or sub-dermal soft tissue mass. This article reviews the musculoskeletal imaging appearances of the commoner N-LCH.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Erdheim-Chester , Histiocitosis de Células de Langerhans , Histiocitosis Sinusal , Preescolar , Diagnóstico por Imagen , Enfermedad de Erdheim-Chester/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Cintigrafía
6.
Br J Radiol ; 95(1134): 20211397, 2022 Jun 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35343784

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To determine the differential diagnosis of bone lesions causing hip pain in children and the association between radiographic features of aggression and MRI appearances with final diagnosis. METHODS: Retrospective review of children with hip pain referred to a specialist musculoskeletal oncology service between September 2018 and December 2020. Patient demographics, lesion location, the radiographic and MRI features, and the final diagnosis, which was made either by image-guided biopsy, surgical curettage or based on typical imaging features were recorded. Statistical analysis examined the association between the Lodwick-Madewell score (determined from available radiographs) and MRI findings with final diagnosis. RESULTS: Fifty-nine patients were included, 40 males and 19 females with mean age 10.9 years, (range 3-16 years). Final diagnoses were based on histology in 24 (40.7%) cases and imaging in 35 (59.3%) cases. Eighteen lesions (30.5%) were classed as non-neoplastic, 31 (52.5%) as benign and 10 (16.9%) as malignant, of which four were primary bone sarcomas. There was a significant association between the Lodwick-Madewell score and final diagnosis (p < 0.001). On MRI, bone marrow oedema, presence of a focal lesion, bone expansion and the presence of an extraosseous mass were all significantly associated with final diagnostic classification. CONCLUSION: The differential diagnosis of hip pain in children presenting to a bone tumour service is wide. Most cases are due to benign or non-neoplastic conditions, with only 10 out of 59 children having a malignant lesion. Radiography complemented by MRI plays a major role in differentiating non-neoplastic, benign neoplastic and malignant lesions and in determining the requirement for needle biopsy. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: This is the first study to consider how imaging features relate to diagnosis in suspected paediatric hip tumours. Use of this information can help in determining which cases should undergo needle biopsy.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Óseas , Adolescente , Artralgia/diagnóstico por imagen , Artralgia/etiología , Neoplasias Óseas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Óseas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Óseas/patología , Niño , Preescolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Biopsia Guiada por Imagen , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Dolor/etiología , Estudios Retrospectivos
7.
Br J Hosp Med (Lond) ; 81(6): 1-8, 2020 Jun 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32589543

RESUMEN

Distal radius fractures account for one in five bony injuries in both primary and secondary care. These are commonly the result of a fall on outstretched hands or high-energy trauma. On assessment, clinicians should determine the mechanism of injury, associated bony or soft tissue injuries, and neurovascular symptoms. Investigations should always include radiographs to evaluate for intra-articular involvement and fracture displacement. Owing to the heterogeneous injury patterns and patient profiles, the preferred management should consider the severity of the fracture, desired functional outcome and patient comorbidities. Non-operative management in select patients can give good results, especially in older adults. Immobilisation with or without reduction forms the mainstay of non-operative treatment. Surgical management options include closed reduction and application of a cast, percutaneous K-wires, open reduction and internal fixation with plates, or external fixation. Patients should be encouraged to mobilise as soon as it is safe to do so, to prevent stiffness. Median nerve compression is the most common complication followed by tendon rupture, arthrosis and malunion. This article outlines the British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma and Orthopaedics for the management of distal radius fractures.


Asunto(s)
Moldes Quirúrgicos , Reducción Cerrada , Fijación Interna de Fracturas , Reducción Abierta , Fracturas del Radio/terapia , Placas Óseas , Hilos Ortopédicos , Fractura de Colles/diagnóstico por imagen , Fractura de Colles/cirugía , Fijación de Fractura , Fracturas Mal Unidas , Humanos , Neuropatía Mediana/etiología , Neuropatía Mediana/fisiopatología , Síndromes de Compresión Nerviosa/etiología , Síndromes de Compresión Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Osteoartritis/etiología , Osteoartritis/fisiopatología , Fracturas del Radio/complicaciones , Fracturas del Radio/diagnóstico por imagen , Traumatismos de los Tendones/etiología , Traumatismos de los Tendones/fisiopatología , Neuropatías Cubitales/etiología , Neuropatías Cubitales/fisiopatología
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