[Mumps--a reemerging infection? The current incidence of mumps in the East Bohemian region in the Czech Republic]. / Príusnice--znovu se vracející infekce? Soucasná situace ve výskytu príusnic ve východoceském regionu.

A review of mumps outbreaks among both non-vaccinated and vaccinated children and young adults in the East Bohemian region in 2003-2005 is presented. A significant increase in mumps cases was observed over this period. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed serologically by ELISA detection of IgM antibodies and/or IgG seroconversion and increased levels of IgG antibodies. A reverse transcriptase nested PCR was introduced for direct detection of mumps virus RNA from clinical specimens (nasopharyngeal secretion, saliva, CSF and serum). The isolated RNA will be stored for further analysis and mumps virus genotyping attempts, helpful in tracing the virus circulation in the East Bohemia region. Possible causes of the recent significant increase in mumps cases among the vaccinated population in the Czech Republic are discussed.

[Chlamydia infections in urogenital tract--application of direct immunofluorescence in the diagnostics of Chlamydia trachomatis in the East Bohemian Region of Czech Republic during 1997-2003]. / Chlamydiové infekce urogenitáln'iho systému-- vyuzití prímé imunofluorescence v diagnostice Chlamydia trachomatis ve východoceském regionu Ceské republiky v letech 1997-2003.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was an evaluation of results of Chlamydia trachomatis antigen detection by means of direct immunofluorescence in samples from patients suspected from this infection. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Institute of clinical microbiology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové. METHODS: Samples from females were swabs from uterine cervix, vagina and urethra, from male urethral swabs; moreover conjunctival swabs, bronchoalveolar irrigation, lower respiratory tract aspirates and sputum. Samples were fixed and "dyed" with monoclonal specific antibody labeled by fluorescent dye in the lab with a commercial diagnostic kit and they were evaluated microscopically after adding a drop of glycerol and covering with a top slide. RESULTS: Within a group of 6126 samples from patients suspected from Chlamydia infection we have found positivity in 14.4%. Of this subgroup 14.1% in samples from genitourinary tract of females and 15.2% in males, 14.1% from conjunctival swabs and 3.7% from lower respiratory tract. According to an age differentiation, positive samples in individual life-decades from genitourinary tract were 0-13-14.4-13.9-13.9 and in females over 60 13.9%. In males the corresponding walues were 0-21.4-15.1-16-13.4 and those over 60 years 16%. So, the highest positivity in our region has been detected in samples from young men aged 20-30, where it is nearly two-fold higher comparison to age-matched females. CONCLUSION: Direct detection of Chlamydia trachomatis antigen with immunofluorescence method still remains a reliable diagnostic tool. But for a control or confirmation of disputable results it is inconditionally necessary to have at least one more method available, e.g. PCR.