RESUMEN
By respecting the conformal symmetry of the dual conformal field theory, and treating the conformal factor of the Anti-de Sitter boundary as a thermodynamic parameter, we formulate the holographic first law that is exactly dual to the first law of extended black hole thermodynamics with variable cosmological constant but fixed Newton's constant.
RESUMEN
We reconsider the thermodynamics of anti-de Sitter black holes in the context of gauge-gravity duality. In this new setting, where both the cosmological constant Λ and the gravitational Newton's constant G are varied in the bulk, we rewrite the first law in a new form containing both Λ (associated with thermodynamic pressure) and the central charge C of the dual conformal field theory and their conjugate variables. We obtain a novel thermodynamic volume, in turn leading to a new understanding of the Van der Waals behavior of charged anti-de Sitter black holes in which phase changes are governed by the degrees of freedom in the conformal field theory. Compared to the "old" P-V criticality, this new criticality is "universal" (independent of the bulk pressure) and directly relates to the thermodynamics of the dual field theory and its central charge.
RESUMEN
The Hilbert space dimension of a quantum system is the most basic quantifier of its information content. Lower bounds on the dimension can be certified in a device-independent way, based only on observed statistics. We highlight that some such "dimension witnesses" capture only the presence of systems of some dimension, which in a sense is trivial, not the capacity of performing information processing on them, which is the point of experimental efforts to control high-dimensional systems. In order to capture this aspect, we introduce the notion of irreducible dimension of a quantum behavior. This dimension can be certified, and we provide a witness for irreducible dimension four.
RESUMEN
The focus of the present work was to investigate the glycosylation of zein, partial properties of the glycosylated zein (GZ) and its retarding effect on lipid oxidation of ground pork. Zein was glycosylated with chitosan (MW 1500Da) by microbial transglutaminase, the reaction was verified by FT-IR. Under the optimized conditions, 97.48mg of glucosamine was covalently conjugated to 1g of zein, determined by HPLC. The solubility and the surface hydrophobicity of GZ were significantly improved. In vitro studies of GZ showed a dose-dependent scavenging activity against free radicals of DPPH, superoxide and hydroxyl radical, and the EC50 value for DPPH radical was 1.99µg TE/mg protein. In addition, reducing power and Fe2+-chelating capacity of it were 16.60 and 12.96µg TE/mg protein, respectively. GZ resulted in low levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and peroxide value of ground pork. These results suggest that GZ is a potential natural antioxidant.