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1.
J Endocrinol Invest ; 47(7): 1711-1717, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38127192

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) can involve many organs, including thyroid and orbital tissues. A link between IgG4, Graves' disease (GD) and Graves' orbitopathy (GO) has been proposed, but results are conflicting. Here we investigated the possible association between IgG4 and GO. METHODS: Retrospective investigation in 297 patients with Graves' disease (GD), 152 with GO. PRIMARY OUTCOME: prevalence of IgG4 ≥ 135 mg/dL (cut-off for IgG4-RD). SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: (1) serum IgG4 concentrations; (2) IgG4/IgG ratio; (3) prevalence of IgG4/IgG ratio ≥ 8.0%; (4) relationship between IgG4 and eye features; (5) relationship between IgG4 and anti-TSH receptor antibodies (TRAbs). RESULTS: Because GO patients had lower FT3 concentrations, we evaluated the main objectives in the second and third FT3 quartiles subpopulation, in which there were no relevant differences between patients with (n = 81) or without GO (n = 67) for baseline parameters. Within this population, the prevalence of IgG4 levels ≥ 135 mg/dL did not differ between patients without and with GO (17.9% vs 17.3%). No difference was observed concerning IgG4 concentrations, prevalence of IgG4/IgG ≥ 8.0%, and IgG4/IgG ratio. There was no relationship between IgG4 and eye features and no correlation between IgG4 levels and TRAb was found. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that, within GD, there is no relationship between serum IgG4 and GO.


Asunto(s)
Oftalmopatía de Graves , Inmunoglobulina G , Humanos , Oftalmopatía de Graves/sangre , Oftalmopatía de Graves/inmunología , Oftalmopatía de Graves/epidemiología , Oftalmopatía de Graves/diagnóstico , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedad de Graves/sangre , Enfermedad de Graves/inmunología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Autoanticuerpos/sangre
2.
Eur J Neurol ; 28(2): 620-629, 2021 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32959475

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim was to identify the clinical and diagnostic investigations that may help to support a diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) in patients not fulfilling the European Federation of Neurological Societies and Peripheral Nerve Society (EFNS/PNS) electrodiagnostic criteria. METHODS: The data from patients with a clinical diagnosis of CIDP included in a national database were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: In all, 535 patients with a diagnosis of CIDP were included. This diagnosis fulfilled the EFNS/PNS criteria in 468 patients (87.2%) (definite in 430, probable in 33, possible in three, while two had chronic immune sensory polyradiculopathy). Sixty-seven patients had a medical history and clinical signs compatible with CIDP but electrodiagnostic studies did not fulfill the EFNS/PNS criteria for CIDP. These patients had similar clinical features and frequency of abnormal supportive criteria for the diagnosis of CIDP compared to patients fulfilling EFNS/PNS criteria. Two or more abnormal supportive criteria were present in 40 (61.2%) patients rising to 54 (80.6%) if a history of a relapsing course as a possible supportive criterion was also included. Increased cerebrospinal fluid proteins and response to immune therapy most frequently helped in supporting the diagnosis of CIDP. Response to therapy was similarly frequent in patients fulfilling or not EFNS/PNS criteria (87.3% vs. 85.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with a clinical diagnosis of CIDP had similar clinical findings, frequency of abnormal supportive criteria and response to therapy compared to patients fulfilling EFNS/PNS criteria. The presence of abnormal supportive criteria may help in supporting the diagnosis of CIDP in patients with a medical history and clinical signs compatible with this diagnosis but non-diagnostic nerve conduction studies.


Asunto(s)
Polirradiculoneuropatía Crónica Inflamatoria Desmielinizante , Bases de Datos Factuales , Humanos , Conducción Nerviosa , Nervios Periféricos , Polirradiculoneuropatía Crónica Inflamatoria Desmielinizante/diagnóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos
3.
Eur J Neurol ; 27(1): 136-143, 2020 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31325350

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of lifestyle and dietary habits and antecedent events has not been clearly identified in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). METHODS: Information was collected about modifiable environmental factors and antecedent infections and vaccinations in patients with CIDP included in an Italian CIDP Database. Only patients who reported not having changed their diet or the lifestyle habits investigated in the study after the appearance of CIDP were included. The partners of patients with CIDP were chosen as controls. Gender-matched analysis was performed with randomly selected controls with a 1:1 ratio of patients and controls. RESULTS: Dietary and lifestyle data of 323 patients and 266 controls were available. A total of 195 cases and 195 sex-matched controls were used in the analysis. Patients eating rice at least three times per week or eating fish at least once per week appeared to be at decreased risk of acquiring CIDP. Data on antecedent events were collected in 411 patients. Antecedent events within 1-42 days before CIDP onset were reported by 15.5% of the patients, including infections in 12% and vaccinations in 1.5%. Patients with CIDP and antecedent infections more often had an acute onset of CIDP and cranial nerve involvement than those without these antecedent events. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this preliminary study seem to indicate that some dietary habits may influence the risk of CIDP and that antecedent infections may have an impact on the onset and clinical presentation of the disease.


Asunto(s)
Conducta Alimentaria , Estilo de Vida , Polirradiculoneuropatía Crónica Inflamatoria Desmielinizante/epidemiología , Adulto , Niño , Bases de Datos Factuales , Femenino , Humanos , Infecciones/complicaciones , Italia/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo
5.
Neurol Sci ; 40(11): 2343-2348, 2019 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31250281

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Cognitive profile in migraine patients still remains undefined. Contradictory evidence has been provided, with impairments in different cognitive domains, normal cognition, or even better performance compared to healthy controls (HC). The latter is of particular interest considering the evidence of glutamatergic upregulation in migraine, particularly in the visual cortex, and the role of the glutamatergic system in synaptic plasticity and learning. The aim of our study is to compare cognitive performance for visuospatial memory and learning (supraspan modality) between migraineurs without aura (MwoA) and HC. METHODS: Twenty-one subjects suffering from MwoA and 21 HC were enrolled. Migraineurs during the interictal phase and HC underwent visuospatial memory test (Corsi test) and verbal memory test (Buschke Selective Reminding Test) in supraspan modality, Trial Making Test A (TMTA) and B (TMTB) as test exploring attention, and TMTB-TMTA as test of executive functioning. Depression was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory Short Form (BDI-SF). Migraine characteristics (i.e., disease duration and frequency expressed as attacks per month) were collected. RESULTS: Subjects with MwoA showed better performance than HC in test exploring both short (p = 0.002) and long-term (p = 0.001) visuospatial memory. No significant difference between groups was found in verbal memory, attention, executive functioning, and depression (BDI-SF). No significant association emerged between cognitive performance and migraine characteristics. DISCUSSION: Subjects with MwoA had significant better performance in visuospatial memory and learning than HC. Occipito-parietal hyperexcitability (in particular in the visual cortex), which is a hallmark of the migraine brain, would probably explain these results. These data need to be confirmed in larger samples of migraineurs.


Asunto(s)
Memoria/fisiología , Migraña sin Aura/fisiopatología , Aprendizaje Espacial/fisiología , Percepción Visual/fisiología , Adulto , Atención/fisiología , Función Ejecutiva/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Memoria a Largo Plazo/fisiología , Memoria a Corto Plazo/fisiología , Memoria Espacial/fisiología , Corteza Visual/fisiopatología
8.
Neurol Sci ; 39(8): 1471-1473, 2018 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29756180

RESUMEN

Swallowing difficulties are a common symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS). The early detection and treatment of dysphagia is critical to prevent complications, including poor nutrition, dehydration, and lung infections. Recently, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been proven to be effective in ameliorating swallowing problems in stroke patients. In this pilot study, we aimed to assess safety and efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in the treatment of dysphagia in MS patients. We screened 30 patients by using the 10-item DYsphagia in MUltiple Sclerosis (DYMUS) questionnaire, and patients at risk for dysphagia underwent a clinical and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). Six patients who presented with mild to moderate dysphagia underwent the experimental procedures. These consisted of 5 sessions of anodal tDCS applied in consecutive days over the right swallowing motor cortex. Patients were followed-up at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after treatment, and changes in the Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) score between baseline and post-tDCS were assessed. Our results showed that in all patients, the tDCS treatment determined a mild but significant clinical benefit (one-point improvement in the DOSS score) lasting up to 1 month. In conclusion, our preliminary results show that anodal tDCS has therapeutic potential in the treatment of swallowing problems in patients suffering with MS. However, future double-blind, randomized, and sham-controlled studies are needed to confirm the present findings.


Asunto(s)
Trastornos de Deglución/etiología , Trastornos de Deglución/terapia , Corteza Motora/fisiología , Esclerosis Múltiple/complicaciones , Estimulación Transcraneal de Corriente Directa/métodos , Adulto , Electrodos , Electromiografía , Potenciales Evocados Motores/fisiología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proyectos Piloto , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Resultado del Tratamiento
9.
Dev Biol (Basel) ; 134: 107-11, 2012.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22888602

RESUMEN

Testing vaccines involves expensive animal models and extensive in vitro characterization. Techniques such as ELISA and ELISPOT are traditionally used to measure immunogenicity, assess the potency of recombinant vaccines and detect the presence of biological contaminants. However, these time-proven techniques suffer from technical limitations affecting the overall vaccine development process. Limitations include: consumption of large volumes of biological sample (eg. plasma), high variability, and limited dynamic range. Furthermore, ELISA and ELISPOT involve a multitude of blocking and wash steps which limit their automatability. AlphaLISA technology is an exceptionally sensitive non-wash immunoassay platform which alleviates all the aforementioned drawbacks, allowing one to improve biologics development processes. Examples of how AlphaLISA assays can be used to assess the potency of vaccines will be presented.


Asunto(s)
Descubrimiento de Drogas/métodos , Inmunoensayo/métodos , Vacunas/inmunología , Alternativas a las Pruebas en Animales/métodos , Alternativas a las Pruebas en Animales/normas , Animales , Investigación Biomédica/métodos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Vacunas/normas
10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35730462

RESUMEN

Summary: Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a medical emergency with complex diagnosis and management. In this study, we describe a case of PA in a 63-year-old male treated with oral anticoagulant therapy for atrial fibrillation. In the patient, PA manifested itself with asthenia and severe headache not responsive to common analgesics. Despite the finding of a pituitary mass through CT, and in anticipation of the endocrinological evaluation and pituitary MRI, the patient's clinical condition worsened with an escalation of headache and asthenia associated with deterioration of the visual field and impairment of consciousness level. The emergency assessments revealed an adrenal failure, whereas MRI showed a haemorrhagic pituitary macroadenoma with compression of the optic chiasm. Intravenous fluids repletion and high-dose hydrocortisone were started with a rapid improvement of the patient's health and visual field abnormalities. Hydrocortisone was gradually reduced to a replacement dose. During the follow-up, panhypopituitarism was documented, and replacement therapies with l-thyroxine and testosterone were introduced. Three months later, a pituitary MRI showed a 50% reduction in the pituitary adenoma volume. Learning points: Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a medical emergency that can result in haemodynamic instability and abnormalities in the level of consciousness. The management of PA requires a multidisciplinary team that includes endocrinologists, ophthalmologists, neuro-radiologists, and neuro-surgeons. Pituitary MRI with gadolinium is the diagnostic gold standard for PA. PA therapy aims to improve general conditions and treat compression symptoms, especially visual field abnormalities. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone deficiency is a common and severe complication of PA. Thus, all patients with PA must be promptly treated with injective synthetic glucocorticoids (e.g. hydrocortisone 100 mg) and i.v. saline. PA must be taken into consideration in case of sudden headache in patients with a pituitary macroadenoma, especially if other risk factors are recognized.

11.
Exp Brain Res ; 212(1): 101-7, 2011 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21537965

RESUMEN

Habituation, i.e. the decremental response to repeated sensorial stimulation, is studied in humans through evoked potential stimulation. Mechanisms underlying habituation are not yet cleared, even if inhibitory circuits are supposed to play an important role. Light deprivation (LD) increases visual cortical excitability likely through down-regulation of GABA circuits. We previously found that high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (hf-rTMS) can revert these facilitatory effects likely restoring the activity of inhibitory circuits. Here, we studied the effects of LD and rTMS on habituation of visual evoked potentials (VEPs). The hypothesis was that if the inhibitory circuits have a role in habituation, then LD that downregulates GABA circuits, should impair habituation that in turn should be restored by hf-rTMS. Fifteen healthy subjects underwent VEPs recording in baseline (without LD), in LD alone (without rTMS), in LD and 1 Hz rTMS and in LD and 10 Hz rTMS. Habituation observed in baseline (without LD) was significantly impaired after LD; 10 Hz but not 1 Hz rTMS was able to restore normal habituation phenomena. VEPs habituation is impaired by LD but it could be restored if hf-rTMS is given during LD. As LD acts reducing GABA circuits activity and hf-rTMS likely upregulates such circuits, these data give support to the hypothesis that cortical inhibition can play a relevant role in mechanisms underlying habituation.


Asunto(s)
Oscuridad , Potenciales Evocados Visuales/fisiología , Habituación Psicofisiológica/fisiología , Inhibición Neural/fisiología , Estimulación Magnética Transcraneal/métodos , Corteza Visual/fisiología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino
12.
Clin Neurophysiol ; 132(1): 126-136, 2021 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33271482

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Little evidence is available on the role of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in patients affected by chronic migraine (CM) and medication overuse headache (MOH). We aim to investigate the effects of tDCS in patients with CM and MOH as well as its role on brain activity. METHODS: Twenty patients with CM and MOH were hospitalized for a 7-day detoxification treatment. Upon admission, patients were randomly assigned to anodal tDCS or sham stimulation delivered over the primary motor cortex contralateral to the prevalent migraine pain side every day for 5 days. Clinical data were recorded at baseline (T0), after 1 month (T2) and 6 months (T3). EEG recording was performed at T0, at the end of the tDCS/Sham treatment, and at T2. RESULTS: At T2 and T3, we found a significant reduction in monthly migraine days (p = 0.001), which were more pronounced in the tDCS group when compared to the sham group (p = 0.016). At T2, we found a significant increase of alpha rhythm in occipital leads, which was significantly higher in tDCS group when compared to sham group. CONCLUSIONS: tDCS showed adjuvant effects to detoxification in the management of patients with CM and MOH. The EEG recording showed a significant potentiation of alpha rhythm, which may represent a correlate of the underlying changes in cortico-thalamic connections. SIGNIFICANCE: This study suggests a possible role for tDCS in the treatment of CM and MOH. The observed clinical improvement is coupled with a potentiation of EEG alpha rhythm.


Asunto(s)
Cefaleas Secundarias/terapia , Trastornos Migrañosos/terapia , Corteza Motora/fisiopatología , Estimulación Transcraneal de Corriente Directa/métodos , Adulto , Ritmo alfa/fisiología , Método Doble Ciego , Electrodos , Electroencefalografía , Femenino , Cefaleas Secundarias/fisiopatología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos Migrañosos/fisiopatología , Proyectos Piloto , Resultado del Tratamiento
13.
Neurocase ; 16(3): 267-72, 2010 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20104391

RESUMEN

Previous studies of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia found that the hallucinations were reduced by the application of transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Here we describe a case of traumatic brain injury associated with continuous music hallucinations. An MRI scan showed a structural lesion of the right temporal pole and a PET scan indicated a hyperactive area of the posterior right temporal lobe. We hypothesized that rTMS applied to the right temporal area would reduce this activity and the corresponding hallucinations. The patient's music hallucinations were significantly reduced by rTMS treatment. A PET scan following treatment also indicated that rTMS treatment reduced brain activity in the right temporal lobe. This case provides initial evidence that rTMS may be a successful treatment of syndromes associated with hyperactive brain areas.


Asunto(s)
Lesiones Encefálicas/fisiopatología , Alucinaciones/fisiopatología , Alucinaciones/terapia , Música , Estimulación Magnética Transcraneal , Lesiones Encefálicas/patología , Alucinaciones/patología , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Lóbulo Temporal/patología , Lóbulo Temporal/fisiopatología
16.
Mol Cell Biol ; 20(13): 4604-13, 2000 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10848587

RESUMEN

Ribosome binding to eukaryotic mRNA is a multistep process which is mediated by the cap structure [m(7)G(5')ppp(5')N, where N is any nucleotide] present at the 5' termini of all cellular (with the exception of organellar) mRNAs. The heterotrimeric complex, eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F), interacts directly with the cap structure via the eIF4E subunit and functions to assemble a ribosomal initiation complex on the mRNA. In mammalian cells, eIF4E activity is regulated in part by three related translational repressors (4E-BPs), which bind to eIF4E directly and preclude the assembly of eIF4F. No structural counterpart to 4E-BPs exists in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, a functional homolog (named p20) has been described which blocks cap-dependent translation by a mechanism analogous to that of 4E-BPs. We report here on the characterization of a novel yeast eIF4E-associated protein (Eap1p) which can also regulate translation through binding to eIF4E. Eap1p shares limited homology to p20 in a region which contains the canonical eIF4E-binding motif. Deletion of this domain or point mutation abolishes the interaction of Eap1p with eIF4E. Eap1p competes with eIF4G (the large subunit of the cap-binding complex, eIF4F) and p20 for binding to eIF4E in vivo and inhibits cap-dependent translation in vitro. Targeted disruption of the EAP1 gene results in a temperature-sensitive phenotype and also confers partial resistance to growth inhibition by rapamycin. These data indicate that Eap1p plays a role in cell growth and implicates this protein in the TOR signaling cascade of S. cerevisiae.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Factores de Iniciación de Péptidos/genética , Factores de Iniciación de Péptidos/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Unión Competitiva , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Factor 4E Eucariótico de Iniciación , Factor 4G Eucariótico de Iniciación , Proteínas Fúngicas/efectos de los fármacos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutación , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Biosíntesis de Proteínas , Caperuzas de ARN , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/efectos de los fármacos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Transducción de Señal , Sirolimus/farmacología , Temperatura
17.
Clin Neurophysiol ; 128(5): 792-798, 2017 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28319880

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To investigate electrophysiologically the reproducibility of oropharyngeal swallowing in patients with ALS. METHODS: We enrolled 26 ALS patients, both with and without clinical signs of dysphagia, and 30 age-matched controls. The reproducibility of the electrophysiological signals related to the oral phase (electromyographic activity of the submental/suprahyoid muscles) and the pharyngeal phase (laryngeal-pharyngeal mechanogram) of swallowing across repeated swallows was assessed. To do this we computed two similarity indexes (SI) by using previously described mathematical algorithms. RESULTS: The reproducibility of oropharyngeal swallowing was significantly reduced both in patients with and in those without clinical signs of dysphagia, with more marked alterations being detected in the dysphagic group. The SI of both phases of swallowing, oral and pharyngeal, correlated significantly with dysphagia severity and disease severity. CONCLUSIONS: In ALS different pathophysiological mechanisms can alter the stereotyped motor behaviors underlying normal swallowing, thus reducing the reproducibility of the swallowing act. A decrease in swallowing reproducibility could be a preclinical sign of dysphagia and, beyond a certain threshold, a pathological hallmark of oropharyngeal dysphagia. SIGNIFICANCE: Electrophysiological assessment is a simple and useful tool for the early detection of swallowing abnormalities, and for the management of overt dysphagia in ALS.


Asunto(s)
Esclerosis Amiotrófica Lateral/diagnóstico , Trastornos de Deglución/diagnóstico , Deglución , Electromiografía/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Esclerosis Amiotrófica Lateral/complicaciones , Esclerosis Amiotrófica Lateral/fisiopatología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Trastornos de Deglución/etiología , Trastornos de Deglución/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Faringe/fisiopatología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados
18.
Cell Death Dis ; 7(7): e2312, 2016 07 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27468688

RESUMEN

It is established that the interaction between microenvironment and cancer cells has a critical role in tumor development, given the dependence of neoplastic cells on stromal support. However, how this communication promotes the activation of normal (NFs) into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) is still not well understood. Most microRNA (miRNA) studies focused on tumor cell, but there is increasing evidence of their involvement in reprogramming NFs into CAFs. Here we show that miR-9, upregulated in various breast cancer cell lines and identified as pro-metastatic miRNA, affects the properties of human breast fibroblasts, enhancing the switch to CAF phenotype, thus contributing to tumor growth. Expressed at higher levels in primary triple-negative breast CAFs versus NFs isolated from patients, miR-9 improves indeed migration and invasion capabilities when transfected in immortalized NFs; viceversa, these properties are strongly impaired in CAFs upon miR-9 inhibition. We also demonstrate that tumor-secreted miR-9 can be transferred via exosomes to recipient NFs and this uptake results in enhanced cell motility. Moreover, we observed that this miRNA is also secreted by fibroblasts and in turn able to alter tumor cell behavior, by modulating its direct target E-cadherin, and NFs themselves. Consistently with the biological effects observed, gene expression profiles of NFs upon transient transfection with miR-9 show the modulation of genes mainly involved in cell motility and extracellular matrix remodeling pathways. Finally, we were able to confirm the capability of NFs transiently transfected with miR-9 to promote in vivo tumor growth. Taken together, these data provide new insights into the role of miR-9 as an important player in the cross-talk between cancer cells and stroma.


Asunto(s)
Mama/metabolismo , Mama/patología , Fibroblastos Asociados al Cáncer/metabolismo , Fibroblastos Asociados al Cáncer/patología , Exosomas/metabolismo , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Animales , Cadherinas/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/genética , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Ratones SCID , Fenotipo , Transcriptoma , Transfección , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/patología , Microambiente Tumoral
19.
Parkinsonism Relat Disord ; 31: 104-109, 2016 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27510647

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Nocturnal stridor and respiratory abnormalities are important features of multiple system atrophy (MSA) with relevance to patient survival, and they are detected and evaluated mainly through video-polysomnography (video-PSG). Diurnal laryngoscopy seems to yield abnormal findings only in the presence of significant vocal cord (VC) dysfunction. AIM: To assess whether specific electrophysiological patterns of diurnal EMG of VC muscles may indicate nocturnal stridor or respiratory dysfunctions in MSA patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen patients with probable MSA were examined. A full-night video-PSG to collect standard breathing parameters (apnea/hypopnea index, mean HbSAO2, oxygen desaturation index, total sleep time with HbSaO2 below 90%) was performed in all the patients. Laryngoscopy and EMG investigation of adductor (thyroarytenoid-TA) and abductor (posterior cricoarytenoid-PCA) muscles of the VCs were also performed. RESULTS: Both the laryngeal EMG abnormalities (based on MUAP analysis and kinesiologic EMG investigation of VC muscles) and the laryngoscopic alterations correlated with video-PSG respiratory abnormalities. Specific patterns of EMG findings were consistently found in MSA subjects with nocturnal stridor detected at PSG. In particular, the following EMG findings were related to the severity of breathing abnormalities and the presence of stridor on video-PSG: neurogenic pattern on MUAP analysis of the PCA, paradoxical activation of the TA during inspiration and tonic EMG activity of the TA during quiet breathing. CONCLUSIONS: Electromyographic/kinesiologic investigation of VC muscles during wakefulness provides additional information on the pathophysiology of the respiratory abnormalities in MSA patients that could be useful for guiding the choice of the best appropriate treatment and care.


Asunto(s)
Ritmo Circadiano/fisiología , Músculos Laríngeos/fisiopatología , Atrofia de Múltiples Sistemas/complicaciones , Ruidos Respiratorios/fisiopatología , Síndromes de la Apnea del Sueño/etiología , Vigilia/fisiología , Anciano , Electromiografía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polisomnografía , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad
20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2852811

RESUMEN

Alkaline hydrolysis of leukotriene A4 methyl ester to leukotriene A4 was studied in either methanol or acetone. Hydrolysis in acetone yielded larger amounts of leukotriene A4 than similar hydrolysis in methanol. The maximum amount was obtained 60 minutes after the beginning of the hydrolysis. Leukotriene A4, as well as leukotriene B4 methoxy isomers were obtained from hydrolysis of leukotriene A4 methyl ester in methanol. It was found that initial leukotriene A4 methyl ester concentration affected the amount of LTA4 produced during the hydrolysis. The maximum concentration of leukotriene A4 was obtained by hydrolyzing solutions of 0.25 mg/ml leukotriene methyl ester in acetone. Spontaneous degradation of leukotriene A4 occurred when it was diluted with tris buffer. Addition of bovine serum albumin to the tris buffer significantly prolonged the half life of leukotriene A4.


Asunto(s)
Leucotrienos/síntesis química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Estabilidad de Medicamentos , Hidrólisis , Leucotrieno A4
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