Immunoglobulin genes and severity of COVID-19.

There is tremendous interindividual and interracial variability in the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting the involvement of host genetic factors. Here, we investigated whether IgG allotypes GM (γ marker) 3 and GM 17, genetic markers of IgG1, contributed to the severity of COVID-19. IgG1 plays a pivotal role in response against SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also investigated whether these GM alleles synergistically/epistatically with IGHG3 and FCGR2A alleles-which have been previously implicated in COVID-19-modulated the extent of COVID-19 severity. The study population consisted of 316 COVID-19 patients who needed treatment in the intensive care unit of Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. All individuals were genotyped for GM 3/17, IGHG3 hinge length, and FCGR2A rs1801274 A/G polymorphisms. Among the 316 critical patients, there were 86 deaths. The risk of death among critical patients was significantly higher in subjects with GM 17 (IgG1) and short hinge length (IgG3). GM 17-carriers were at almost three-fold higher risk of death than non-carriers (p < 0.001; OR = 2.86, CI 1.58-5.16). Subjects with short hinge length of IgG3 had a two-fold higher risk of death than those with medium hinge length (p = 0.01; OR = 2.16, CI 1.19-3.90). GM 3/3 and IGHG3 (MM) genotypes were less frequent among death vs. survivors (9% vs 36%, p < 0.001) and associated with protective effect (OR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.08-0.39). This is the first report implicating IgG1 allotypes in COVID-19-spurred death. It needs to be replicated in an independent study population.

Chromosome-Y haplogroups in Asturias (Northern Spain) and their association with severe COVID-19.

The main objective of this study was to determine whether the common Y-haplogroups were be associated with the risk of developing severe COVID-19 in Spanish male. We studied 479 patients who required hospitalization due to COVID-19 and 285 population controls from the region of Asturias (northern Spain), They were genotyped for several polymorphisms that define the common European Y-haplogroups. We compared the frequencies between patients and controls aged ≤ 65 and >65 years. There were no different haplogroup frequencies between the two age groups of controls. Haplogroup R1b was less common in patients aged ≤65 years. Haplogroup I was more common in the two patient´s groups compared to controls (p = 0.02). Haplogroup R1b was significantly more frequent among hypertensive patients, without difference between the hypertensive and normotensive controls. This suggested that R1b could increase the risk for severe COVID-19 among male with pre-existing hypertension. In conclusion, we described the Y-haplogroup structure among Asturians. We found an increased risk of severe COVID-19 among haplogroup I carriers, and a significantly higher frequency of R1b among hypertensive patients. These results indicate that Y-chromosome variants could serve as markers to define the risk of developing a severe form of COVID-19.

NFKB1 variants were associated with the risk of Parkinson´s disease in male.

The NF-κB pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders that have inflammation as a hallmark, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Our objective was to determine whether common functional variants in the NFKB1, NFKBIA and NFKBIZ genes were associated with the risk of PD. A total of 532 Spanish PD cases (61% male; 38% early-onset, ≤ 55 years) and 300 population controls (50% ≤55 years) were genotyped for the NFKB1 rs28362491 and rs7667496, NFKBIA rs696, and NFKBIZ rs1398608 polymorphisms. We compared allele and genotype frequencies between early and late-onset, male and female, and patient's vs. controls. We found that the two NFKB1 alleles were significantly associated with PD in our population (p = 0.01; total patients vs. controls), without difference between Early and Late onset patients. The frequencies of the NFKB1 variants significantly differ between male and female patients. Compared to controls, male patients showed a significantly higher frequency of rs28362491 II (p = 0.02, OR = 1.52, 95%CI = 1.10-2.08) and rs28362491 C (p = 0.003, OR = 1.62, 95%CI = 1.18-2.22). The two NFKB1 variants were in strong linkage disequilibrium and the I-C haplotype was significantly associated with the risk of PD among male (p = 0.002). In conclusion, common variants in the NF-kB genes were associated with the risk of developing PD in our population, with significant differences between male and female. These results encourage further studies to determine the involvement of the NF-kB components in the pathogenesis of Parkinson´s disease.

Influence of the HLA-Cw6 Allele and IFIH1/MDA5 Gene Variants on the Cardiometabolic Risk Profile of Patients with Psoriatic Disease.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular comorbidity is a common companion of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Recently, a significant link has been found between the HLA-Cw6 allele and a better cardiometabolic profile in these patients. We aimed to check this finding in our setting. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study (n: 572 psoriasis patients, 30% with PsA) was conducted. Different study variables were collected in detail, as well as classic cardiometabolic risk factors. The distribution of the HLA-Cw6 allele and the IFIH1/MDA5 gene variants previously linked to disease risk were determined in the study cohort and stratified according to the cardiometabolic comorbidity. Linear and logistic regression models were constructed to analyze these associations. RESULTS: The study cohort included 309 men and 263 women, with a mean age of 46.7 years (SD 14.5) and a mean disease duration of 19.4 years (SD 14.8). We confirmed the known association between HLA-Cw6 and type I psoriasis (familial, severe, and early onset). Psoriasis severity (OR: 2.14), female sex (OR: 1.63), and the IFIH1/MDA5 rs1990760 TT genotype (OR: 1.62) were significantly related to PsA, while HLA-Cw6 was protective (OR: 0.65). HLA-Cw6 carriers showed a lower waist perimeter, lower BMI, and lower risk of both hypertension (OR: 0.52, p < 0.001) and diabetes (OR: 0.36, p < 0.001), but these findings were no longer apparent upon adjusting the regression models. No IFIH1/MDA5 gene variant was associated with any cardiometabolic risk factor. CONCLUSIONS: The influence of HLA-Cw6 on the cardiometabolic risk profile of psoriatic patients seems to be explained by other factors (age, sex, duration of the disease or arthritis) and not by this biomarker itself.

Survival analysis and gender differences in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy proband patients referred for genetic testing.

BACKGROUND: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is believed to have low overall mortality rate, that could be influenced by gender, particularly among probands. We aimed to evaluate the survival rates and possible gender differences in a homogeneous cohort of HCM proband patients, referred for genetic testing, from the same geographical area, without differences in medical care access nor clinical referral pathways. METHODS: we compared the mortality rates of a cohort of consecutive HCM probands referred for genetic testing (2000-2022), from a Spanish region (xxx1) with a centralized genetic testing pathway, with its control reference population by Ederer II method. Gender differences were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 649 HCM probands included in this study, there were significantly more men than women (61.3% vs 38.7, p < 0.05), with an earlier diagnosis (53.5 vs 61.1 years old, p < 0.05). Clinical evolution or arrhythmogenic HCM profile did no show no significant gender differences. Mean follow up was 9,8 years ±6,6 SD (9,9 ± 7 vs 9,6 ± 6,1, p = 0.59). No statistically significant differences in observed mortality, expected survival and excess mortality were found in the general HCM proband cohort. However, we found a significant excess mortality in female probands with HCM. No additional differences in analysis by genetic status were identified. CONCLUSION: Expected survival in our HCM probands did not differ from its reference population. However, despite no gender differences in phenotype severity were identified, proband HCM women did present a diagnosis delay and worse mortality outcomes.

PCSK9 gene variations in the clinical setting of premature cardiovascular disease: A critical appraisal.

INTRODUCTION: Information about PCSK9 gene variations and its association with cardiovascular (CV) disease is controversial. We aimed to evaluate 3 reported polymorphisms in PSCK9 in a cohort of young patients with myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation (STEMI). METHODS: Retrospective study of consecutive patients with premature STEMI (2018-2023). 216 patients with STEMI due atherothrombotic coronary artery disease (CAD), confirmed by coronary angiogram, were included. We genotyped 3 polymorphisms in PCSK9 (rs12117661, rs2483205, rs505151) in 207 patients (DNA unavailable in 9) and a control group (N = 200). RESULTS: Mean age 49.4 ± 6,6 years (82.4% men). Genotypes frequencies distribution in patient's and control's cohorts did not deviate from the expected by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and there were no significant differences between patients and controls. Among patients, we did not find any association between PSCK9 genotypes and clinical variables (gender, age, CV risk factors, cholesterol levels, family history of premature CAD or number of coronary arteries affected). CONCLUSION: We did not find any association between PSCK9 genotypes (RS12117661, RS2483205 and RS505151) and any CV risk factors or the extent of CAD in a cohort of patients with premature STEMI. There were not differences in the genotype distribution between patients and controls.

Entendimiento de la miocardiopatía hipertrófica mediante el estudio de una variante patogénica fundadora / Insights into hypertrophic cardiomyopathy evaluation through follow-up of af pathogenic variant

Introducción y objetivos: La miocardiopatía hipertrófica (MCH) es la enfermedad cardiaca hereditaria más frecuente. El desafío actual radica en la clasificación precisa de la patogenicidad de variantes asociadas a las MCH. Para la evaluación inicial de la MCH se recomienda una ecocardiografía transtorácica (ETT). La cardiorresonancia magnética (CRM) también debe considerarse. El objetivo fue revaluar la penetrancia y expresión clínica de la variante patogénica MYBPC3 p.G263*. Métodos: Se estudiaron los principales genes sarcoméricos, mediante next-generation sequencing, en 384 índices con MCH y una cohorte control de 450 individuos sanos. Se identificaron todos portadores de MYBPC3 p.G263* y se realizó cribado familiar. Se recogió información clínica de manera retrospectiva hasta 2015 y prospectiva a partir de entonces. Se realizó un esfuerzo extra para realizar CRM en todos los portadores de la variante independientemente del resultado de la ETT. Resultados: Trece casos índice con MCH y ninguno de la cohorte control eran portadores de la variante MYBPC3 p.G263*, patogénica según el American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics y la Association for Molecular Pathology. Mediante cribado familiar se identificó a un total de 39 portadores. La mayoría se diagnosticó de MCH asintomática, con inicio tardío de la enfermedad y un curso relativamente benigno, pero con potenciales complicaciones tardías. Se encontró una penetrancia cercana al 70% evaluada por la ETT y del 87% por CRM. La penetrancia era edad-dependiente, y alcanzó el 100% en mayores de 55 años. Conclusiones: MYBPC3 p.G263* comparte con la mayoría de las variantes patogénicas truncantes en este gen un inicio tardío, un curso relativamente benigno en los jóvenes y una alta penetrancia. La CRM podría ser una herramienta útil en la evaluación de portadores independientemente de la ETT

Introduction and objectives: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disease. The current challenge relies on the accurate classification of the pathogenicity of the variants. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is recommended at initial evaluation and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging should also be considered. We aimed to reappraise the penetrance and clinical expression of the MYBPC3 p.G263* variant. Methods: Three hundred and eighty-four HCM probands and a control cohort of 450 individuals were studied for the main sarcomere genes by next-generation sequencing. All MYBPC3 p.G263* carriers were identified and family screening was performed. Clinical information was recorded retrospectively before 2015 and prospectively thereafter. Extra effort was invested in performing CMR in all carriers, despite TTE results. Results: Thirteen HCM probands and none of the controls were carriers of the MYBPC3 p.G263* pathogenic variant (according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology). A total of 39 carriers were identified with family screening. Most patients with HCM were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis and showed late-onset disease. Despite having a relatively benign course in the young, late HCM-related complications could occur. Penetrance was around 70% when evaluated by TTE and was 87.2% with TTE plus CMR. Penetrance was age-dependent, reaching 100% in carriers older than 55 years. Conclusions: MYBPC3 p.G263* shares with most truncating pathogenic variants in this gene a late onset, relatively benign clinical course in the young, and high penetrance. Cardiac magnetic resonance could be a useful tool to evaluate carriers despite TTE results

A new SLC12A3 founder mutation (p. Val647Met) in Gitelman's syndrome patients of Roma ancestry / Una nueva mutación fundadora en SLC12A3 (p. Val647Met) en pacientes con síndrome de Gitelman de etnia gitana

Background: Gitelman's syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the SLC12A3 gene. GS is characterized by hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria. Most of the reported patients of Roma ancestry are homozygous for an SLC12A3 intron 9 frameshifting mutation (c.1180+1G>T). Some forms of Bartter's syndrome result from mutations in the CLNCKB gene and clinically overlap with GS. Objectives: To characterize a second SLC12A3 mutation in Roma patients negative for the intron 9 variant. Methods: SLC12A3 and CLNCKB genes were analyzed by next-generation sequencing in two Spanish and Greek gypsy patients who were negative for the intron 9 splicing mutation. Sanger sequencing was performed to confirm the putative mutations in patients and family members. Results: We identified a missense variant (p.Val647Met, c.1939G>A) in both cases, and both were homozygous for Met. This mutation was also found in three additional patients; two homozygous and one heterozygous compound with the intron 9 splicing mutation. This new SLC12A3 mutation seems to be characteristic of gipsy GS patients and was linked to the same haplotype in all cases, supporting a founder origin. All the patients showed biochemical features characteristic of GS. Conclusion: We report a second founder mutation among GS patients of Roma ethnic background. The direct screening of this mutation would facilitate the characterization of patients who are negative for the more common intron 9 +1G>T mutation (AU)

Antecedentes: El síndrome de Gitelman (SG) es un trastorno autosómico recesivo causado por las mutaciones en el gen SLC12A3.El SG se caracteriza por una alcalosis metabólica hipopotasémica, hipomagnesemia e hipocalciuria. La mayoría de los pacientes de etnia gitana notificados son homocigotos para la mutación con desplazamiento del marco de lectura del intrón 9 de SLC12A3 (c.1180+1G>T). Algunas formas del síndrome de Bartter proceden de las mutaciones del gen CLNCKB y se solapan clínicamente con el SG. Objetivos: Determinar las características de una segunda mutación en SLC12A3 en pacientes de etnia gitana con resultados negativos en la variante intrón 9. Métodos: Se analizaron los genes SLC12A3 y CLNCKB mediante secuenciación de nueva generación en 2 pacientes -uno español y otro griego- de etnia gitana con resultados negativos en la mutación de empalme del intrón 9. Se llevó a cabo una secuenciación de Sanger para confirmar las supuestas mutaciones en los pacientes y sus familiares. Resultados: Se identificó una variante con cambio de sentido (p.Val647Met, c.1939G>A) en ambos casos, y ambos eran homocigotos con respecto a Met. También se observó esta mutación en 3 pacientes adicionales, 2 homocigotos y uno heterocigoto compuesto con la mutación del intrón 9. Esta nueva mutación del SLC12A3 parece ser característica de los pacientes con SG de etnia gitana y se relacionó con el mismo haplotipo en todos los casos, lo que indica un origen fundador. Todos los pacientes presentaron rasgos bioquímicos propios del SG. Conclusión: Informamos de una segunda mutación fundadora en los pacientes con SG de etnia gitana. El cribado genético directo de esta mutación facilitará la determinación de las características de los pacientes con resultados negativos en la mutación del intrón 9+1G>T, que es más frecuente (AU)

Luces y sombras en el diagnóstico genético de la miocardiopatía hipertrófica / The ups and downs of genetic diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

La secuenciación masiva (o de nueva generación) del ácido desoxirribonucleico ha revolucionado el diagnóstico genético. Esta tecnología reduce el trabajo y el coste necesarios para el análisis simultáneo de muchos genes, lo que hace que más pacientes puedan acceder a un estudio genético. En el caso de la miocardiopatía hipertrófica, se ha pasado de analizar los tres genes principales (MYH7, MYBPC3, TNNT2) a secuenciar más de veinte genes. A pesar de las ventajas que esto representa en términos de información, muchos pacientes presentan variantes de significado incierto (fundamentalmente cambios de aminoácido) que están también en al menos uno de los controles cuyo genoma se ha secuenciado. Esta situación aboca a un «callejón sin salida» en caso de que no se pueda demostrar que esas variantes segregan con la enfermedad en la familia del paciente. En ausencia de evidencia clara de que sean realmente patogénicas, no se podrán emplear para un consejo genético fiable a los familiares del paciente. Finalmente, la secuenciación masiva también permite identificar nuevos genes candidatos pero, una vez más, el problema de las variantes de significado incierto limita el éxito de estos estudios (AU)

Massive DNA sequencing, also known as next-generation sequencing, has revolutionized genetic diagnosis. This technology has reduced the effort and cost needed to analyze several genes simultaneously and has made genetic evaluation available to a larger number of patients. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, genetic analysis has increased from the 3 main genes implicated in the disease (MYH7, MYBPC3, TNNT2) to sequencing of more than 20 related genes. Despite the advantages of acquiring this additional information, many patients show variants of uncertain significance (mainly amino acid changes), which may also be present in at least 1 healthy control undergoing genome sequencing. This will be a dead-end situation unless the variant can be demonstrated to be associated with the disease in the patient's family. In the absence of clear evidence that these variants are truly pathogenic, they cannot be used for reliable genetic counselling in family members. Massive sequencing also enables identification of new candidate genes, but again, the problem of variants of uncertain significance limits the success of these assessments (AU)

Farmacogenética del tacrolimus: ¿del laboratorio al paciente? / Pharmacogenetics of tacrolimus: from bench to bedside?

El tacrolimus (Tac) es un inmunosupresor ampliamente usado para prevenir el rechazo en el trasplante renal. Los pacientes reciben una dosis inicial estándar y se miden los niveles sanguíneos, con ajuste de la dosis hasta alcanzar una concentración dentro del rango aceptado. Existe una gran variabilidad interindividual en las dosis necesarias para alcanzar ese nivel diana en sangre, y muchos pacientes requieren varias modificaciones de la dosis hasta alcanzarlo. Uno de los principales determinantes de estas diferencias es un polimorfismo del genCYP3A5 que determina que alrededor del 80 % de los caucásicos sean metabolizadores lentos y requieran dosis menores que los metabolizadores rápidos. Se ha propuesto que los pacientes trasplantados reciban dosis iniciales de Tac con base en el genotipo CYP3A5. Para que este procedimiento fuese aceptado por los clínicos, deberían demostrarse sus ventajas frente al procedimiento actual, más allá de un menor tiempo para alcanzar la dosis óptima. Por ejemplo, menor tasa de nefrotoxicidad y rechazo o menor coste por necesitar, entre otros, menos modificaciones de la dosis de Tac y menos terapia de inducción con anticuerpos (AU)

Tacrolimus (FK-506) is an immunosuppressant widely used to prevent kidney transplant rejection. Patients receive an initial standard dose and tacrolimus levels are measured in blood. If necessary, the dose is adjusted to reach a blood concentration within the accepted range. There is great interindividual variability in the dose required to achieve the target blood level, and many patients require multiple modifications of the dose to reach the range. One of the main determinants of these differences is a CYP3A5 gene polymorphism that determines that about 80% of Caucasians are poor metabolisers and require lower doses compared to the extensive metabolisers. It has been proposed that transplanted patients could receive an initial Tacrolimus dose based on the CYP3A5 genotype. This could reduce the time to achieve the optimal blood level, reducing the number of dose modifications. However, to be accepted by clinicians and translated to the clinical practice this adapted dose procedure should give additional advantages such as a significant reduction of the rates of nephrotoxicity and rejection, or a lower cost due to less dose modifications of Tacrolimus and less antibody induction therapy (AU)

Polimorfismos de metaloproteasas y válvula aórtica bicúspide / No disponible

No disponible

Espectro mutacional del gen SCN5A en pacientes españoles con síndrome de Brugada / The spectrum of SCN5A gene mutations in spanish Brugada syndrome patients

El síndrome de Brugada se caracteriza por un bloqueo de la rama derecha y elevación del segmento ST en las derivaciones precordiales derechas del electrocardiograma. Con frecuencia se observa una transmisión familiar, y en aproximadamente el 25% de los casos se han hallado mutaciones en el gen SCN5A. Hemos analizado la secuencia de este gen en 25 pacientes españoles con síndrome de Brugada. En 4 de ellos (16%) hallamos mutaciones que no habían sido descritas previamente: 3 eran cambios de aminoácidos (Ala2>Tre, Ala735>Tre y Val1340>Ile) y 1 era intrónica y afectaría al procesamiento del ARNm (intrón 18 IVS18-1G>A). En los 4 había familiares portadores, y varios de ellos tenían electrocardiogramas normales, incluso tras inducción con flecainida. Nuestro estudio indica que el análisis genético sería útil para el diagnóstico presintomático, pero de utilidad limitada para estratificar el riesgo de eventos adversos (AU)

Brugada syndrome is characterized by right bundle branch block and ST-segment elevation in the right precordial ECG leads. Familial transmission is frequent and approximately 25% of cases exhibit mutations in the SCN5A gene. We analyzed the sequence of this gene in 25 Spanish patients with Brugada syndrome. In 4 (16%), we found mutations that had not previously been described: three were amino acid changes (i.e. Ala2>Thr, Ala735>Thr and Val1340>Ile) and one was an intron mutation that affected messenger RNA processing (i.e. IVS18-1G>A). These four patients had relatives who were also mutation carriers, several of whom had normal ECGs, even on flecainide challenge. Our study suggests that genetic analysis could be helpful in the presymptomatic diagnosis of Brugada syndrome, but may be less useful for stratifying the risk of adverse events (AU)

Espectro mutacional de los genes sarcoméricos MYH7, MYBPC3, TNNT2, TNNI3 y TPM1 en pacientes con miocardiopatía hipertrófica / Mutations in sarcomeric genes MYH7, MYBPC3, TNNT2, TNNI3, and TPM1 in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Introducción y objetivos. Desarrollar un análisis coste-efectividad de un programa de cribado genético de familares de primer grado de pacientes con hipercolesterolemia familiar (HF), seguido de tratamiento cuando fuera necesario, frente a la alternativa de no cribar. Métodos. Se realiza un análisis coste-efectividad en el cual se modeló el efecto del tratamiento con estatinas en personas diagnosticadas de HF tras el cribado genético. La incertidumbre se trató mediante análisis de sensibilidad univariable y probabilístico. La estrategia alternativa considerada es no cribar. El análisis coste-efectividad considera como resultado sobre la salud los años de vida ganados (AVG) e incluye los costes del cribado, tratamiento con estatinas, visitas al especialista y hospitalizaciones. Asimismo, se calculó el valor esperado de la información perfecta, como complemento del análisis de sensibilidad. Resultados. En el caso base, el coste incremental por AVG del programa de cribado a pacientes directos asciende a 3.423 euros/AVG. Los resultados varían en el análisis de sensibilidad, pero las conclusiones son robustas frente a cambios en los parámetros considerados. El programa de cribado es óptimo frente a la alternativa considerada, con un 95% de probabilidad si la disposición a pagar, social o del decisor sanitario, fuera de al menos 7.400 euros/AVG. Conclusiones. El análisis señala que el programa de cribado genético más tratamiento en familiares directos de personas con HF presenta una buena relación incremental de coste-efectividad frente a la alternativa de no cribar (AU)

Introduction and objectives. The aim was to assess the cost-effectiveness of a genetic screening program for first-degree relatives of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), followed by treatment when necessary, compared with the alternative of no screening. Methods. The cost-effectiveness analysis modeled the effect of statin treatment on individuals who were diagnosed with FH after genetic screening. The impact of uncertainty was evaluated using univariate probabilistic sensitivity analysis. The alternate strategy considered was no screening. In the cost-effectiveness analysis, the number of life-years gained (LYG) was regarded as the health outcome and the costs of screening, statin treatment, specialist consultations and hospital visits were all included. In addition, the expected value of perfect information was calculated as part of the sensitivity analysis. Results. In the base case, the incremental cost of the screening program for close relatives was 3423 euros per LYG. Although the sensitivity analysis gave a range of results, the conclusions were not affected by changes in the parameters considered. The screening program was found to be better than the alternative considered at a probability level of 95% if the acceptable level of health-care costs was at least 7400 euros per LYG. Conclusions. This analysis indicates that a genetic screening program, supplemented by treatment, for the close relatives of individuals with FH is preferable to the alternative of no screening in terms of incremental cost-effectiveness (AU)

Marcadores genéticos relacionados con el rendimiento físico y la prevencion de patologías / Genetic markers related to physical performance and prevention of pathologies

No disponible

Hiperlipemia y polimorfismos de la glucoproteína IIIa / Hyperlipidaemia and glycoprotein IIIa polymorphins

No disponible

Detección directa de mutaciones malignas en pacientes con miocardiopatía hipertrófica / Direct detection of malignant mutations in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Hemos determinado la prevalencia de mutaciones consideradas malignas en los genes de la cadena pesada de la betamiosina (MYH7, 11 mutaciones) y la troponina T (TNNT2, 5 mutaciones) en 30 pacientes con miocardiopatía hipertrófica (MCH) menores de 60 años, de los que el 83 por ciento tenía antecedentes familiares de MCH y/o muerte súbita. Empleamos la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) seguida de digestión con una enzima de restricción y electroforesis en geles de agarosa. El análisis directo nos permitió identificar alguna de las 16 mutaciones en 2 de los 30 pacientes (7 por ciento): una mujer diagnosticada a los 25 años era portadora de la mutación MYH7-453 cisteína, y otra mujer, de 60 años, era portadora de la mutación TNNT2-278 cisteína. Estos casos ilustran la gran heterogeneidad clínica que caracteriza a los portadores, que van desde la hipertrofia grave o la muerte súbita temprana hasta la ausencia de síntomas en edades avanzadas de la vida (AU)