Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) is rare, benign lesion using modified stringent diagnostic criteria: Reclassification and outcome study.

BACKGROUND: Rigid diagnostic criteria for NIFTP have been recently proposed. The frequency of NIFTP using the new criteria is unknown, and whether abortive papillae are associated with BRAFV600E mutation has not been studied. The aim of this study is to identify NIFTP by a retrospective review of Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (FVPTC), and to study its incidence as well as the association between immunohistochemical BRAFV600E expression and abortive papillae in NIFTP. DESIGN: Thyroid tumors diagnosed as FVPTC or NIFTP over a period of 18 years (2000-2017) were identified using the laboratory information system. The final pathology reports were reviewed and potential NIFTP were retrieved. The archived slides for these cases were independently reviewed by 2 pathologists. BRAFV600E (clone: VE1) immunostain was performed on representative tumor blocks. Clinical information including follow-up data was obtained from the electronic medical records. RESULTS: Among the 1918 cases with the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), 589 (30.7%) of FVPTC and 136 cases of potential NIFTP were identified. After the review of the archived pathology slides, 29 lesions were morphologically reclassified as NIFTP. Four (13.7%) of these were positive for BRAFV600E; no association was found between the presence of abortive papillae and BRAFV600Eexpression (p=0.3). Exclusion of the 4 cases with BRAFV600Eexpression resulted in 25 lesions of final NIFTP, representing 4.2% of the FVPTC and 1.3% of the PTC. The mean age of the NIFTP patients was 50 years, 87.5% were females. The mean size of the lesions was 1.4 cm (0.1-4.0 cm). Intranuclear pseudoinclusions were not identified, and abortive papillae were identified in 60% of NIFTP. The average follow-up was 70 (28-166) months. There were no adverse events (recurrence or metastasis) in the NIFTP group. CONCLUSION: When strictly defined, NIFTP comprises 1.3% of cases perviously classified as PTC. In morphological NIFTP, no correlation is found between the presence of abortive papillae and the BRAFV600E expression. Intranuclear pseudo-inclusions are not observed in NIFTP. Modification of current morphological criteria to include BRAFV600E immunohistochemistry test may stratify NIFTP with benign outcome.

Gastrointestinal Diaphragm Disease With Retained Capsule Endoscope, Associated With Crohn's Disease: A Case Report.

Gastrointestinal diaphragm disease is a rare entity characterized by the formation of thin membranous circumferential mucosal septa, resulting in marked narrowing of the intestinal lumen. The most frequent etiology is the chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Idiopathic cases and other possible etiologies have been reported. We present a rare association of diaphragm disease with Crohn's disease in a boy without a history of significant NSAID usage.

Microscopic ileitis in diverted and nondiverted enteric segments: an underrecognized condition with a multifactorial etiology.

Microscopic ileitis has been infrequently reported in the literature with the few reported cases usually associated with concurrent microscopic colitis. Having encountered a case of collagenous ileitis involving the diverted distal limb of a loop ileostomy and sparing the proximal limb, we examined additional cases of loop ileostomy, end ileostomy, colostomy, and the accompanying diverted colorectal segment for features of microscopic ileitis and colitis. A total of 101 cases of diverted and nondiverted enteric segments were examined from 37 loop ileostomies, 16 end ileostomies, and 12 colostomies status post-Hartmann's procedure. The patients' clinical histories, including demographics and risk factors for microscopic colitis, were obtained from electronic medical records. The index case and an additional case showed collagenous ileitis: the former in the diverted distal limb, and the latter in the nondiverted proximal limb of the loop ileostomy. The latter was associated with high ileostomy output with watery diarrhea. Two additional cases showed lymphocytic ileitis: one in the nondiverted proximal limb of loop ileostomy and the other in the end ileostomy. All 4 patients had one or more risk factors for microscopic colitis. The etiology of microscopic ileitis seems to be multifactorial, and microscopic ileitis may be underdiagnosed. The diverted enteric segment may be involved by microscopic enteritis, suggesting that additional factors other than fecal stasis and altered bacterial flora may be contributing to its pathogenesis. When microscopic ileitis is encountered, identifying associated risk factors, recognizing incipient clinical symptoms of microscopic colitis, and considering other associated diseases or conditions are warranted.

Resección endoscópica guiada por estereotaxia de un neurocitoma pineal: reporte de un caso / Guided stereotactic endoscopic resection of a pineal neurocytoma: a case report

El neurocitoma debe considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial de los tumores pineales. La éxeresis quirúrgica total es esencial, y se puede realizar a través de diferentes abordajes: trans-cerebeloso, transcallosal, transcortical-Transventricular. La cirugía con puerto cerebral (brain port) es un abordaje quirúrgico que combina la resección endoscópica guiada por estereotaxia delesiones expansivas intraventriculares. Este proceder es una técnica mínimamente invasiva y es capaz de lograr la resección tumoral con mínimo daño al tejido nervioso. Reportamos un caso con un neurocitoma pineal, una paciente femenina de 29 años, Que debutó con hipertensión intracraneal secundaria a hidrocefalia obstructiva. Se logró la exéresis quirúrgica mediante brain port sin complicaciones. Los marcadores tumorales previos a la cirugía fueron negativos. El índice MIB-1 fue menor a un 4 por ciento y durante un año de seguimiento no se ha demostrado recidiva tumoral. La cirugía brain-port es una técnica segura para el abordaje a tumores de región pineal.

Neurocytoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pineal tumours. Total surgical resection is essential, through different approaches: transcortical-transventricular, transcallosal and transcerebellar. Brain port surgery is a surgical approach that combines endoscopic resection via stereotactic guide in intraventricular mass. This procedure is a minimally invasive technique and it is able to achieve tumour resection with minimal nervous tissue damage. We report a case with a pineal neurocytoma, a 29 years old female patient with symptoms of intracranial hypertension secondary to obstructive hydrocephalus. Total removal was done with brain port surgery without complications. Tumoral markers (AFP, CEA, HCG-ß) performed previously to surgery were negative. MIB-1 index was less than 4 percent and patient’s follow-up during one year after surgery didn’t show recurrence. Brain port surgery is considered as a safe technique to approach pineal region tumours.

Cirugía en los tumores orbitarios: experiencia de 10 años / Surgery on orbital tumors: 10 years experience

Se presentan 35 pacientes con lesiones expansivas intraorbitarias operados en un período de 10 años en el servicio de neurocirugía del Hospital ”Hermanos Ameijeiras” mediante abordajes transcraneales convencionales y la técnica de Orbitotomía lateral de Krõnlein modificada. Se estudiaron las variables edad, sexo, síntomas de presentación, diagnostico histológico, localización topográfica, complicaciones perioperatorias y morbi- mortalidad. En el estudio etiológico e histológico se conoció que el primer lugar corresponde a la patología tumoral (65.7 por ciento) y dentro de ella el meningioma representando el 31.4 por ciento. La mayoría de las lesiones fueron benignas (82,8 por ciento). El resultado quirúrgico fue evaluado de satisfactorio en el 79 por ciento de los casos. Se demostró que la técnica modificada propuesta resulta ventajosa al permitir un acceso rápido a lesiones intracónicas, del ápex y con extensión intracraneal.

Enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob en un paciente interpretado como encefalitis por herpes simple / Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a patient with possible herpes simplex encephalitis

Se presentó un paciente con una enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob, al cual se le realizó un diagnóstico presuntivo inicial de encefalitis por herpes simple, que comenzó con trastornos conductuales, agresividad, alucinaciones visuales y pérdida progresiva de la visión, empeoró de forma paulatina, aparecieron movimientos involuntarios inespecíficos y estado de postración, convulsiones técnico-clínicas del hemicuerpo izquierdo, paresia homolateral, poca respuesta al dolor con empobrecimiento de la mímica facial e imposibilidad para localizar el estímulo nociceptivo y discreta rigidez nucal. Se le realizaron estudios microbiológicos para pesquisaje virológico incluido herpes virus, bacterias y hongos, así como análisis citoquímico del líquido cefalorraquídeo y resultaron normales, en el electroencefalograma aparecieron alteraciones que señalaron actividad paroxística asimétrica. El paciente evolucionó tórpidamente y falleció, se presenta el resultado de los estudios anatomopatológicos de la microscopia óptica

This is the case of a patient presenting with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with an initial presumptive diagnosis of herpes-simplex encephalitis started with behavioral disorders, aggression, visual hallucinations and a progressive loss of vision, worsening in a gradual way, non-specific unintentional movements and prostration status, left hemi-body tonic-clonic convulsions, homolateral paresis, a low response to pain with a poor facial expression and inability to locate the nociceptive stimulus and a light nuchal stiffness. Microbiologic studies were conducted for a virology screening including herpesvirus, bacteria and fungi, as well as, cytochemistry of cerebrospinal fluid with normal results, in electroencephalogram appeared alterations related to an asymmetric paroxysmal activity. Patient evolved with torpidity and died. Anatomic-pathologic studies result of optical microscopy is showed

Demencia con cuerpos de Lewy: presentación de 1 caso / Dementia with Lewy bodies: a case report

Se ha planteado que la demencia constituye la cuarta causa básica de muerte en países del primer mundo. La demencia con cuerpos de Lewy (DCL) constituye la segunda causa de demencia en estudios necrópsicos actuales, superada solo por la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Se reportó el primer caso cubano de demencia con cuerpos de Lewy, una paciente femenina de 89 años de edad, de la raza blanca, con diagnóstico clínico de demencia, que falleció luego de 5 años de deterioro progresivo. En el estudio neuropatológico se evidenció con la técnica de hematoxilina / eosina la presencia de cuerpos de Lewy al nivel de la sustancia negra, locus cerúleo y corteza transentorrinal, la patología neurofibrilar valorada con la técnica de Bielschowsky se correspondió con un estadio II de Braak. Se identificó además cambio espongiforme focal al nivel del hipocampo. Se hizo el diagnóstico de DCL variedad a predominio del tallo cerebral. Se revisó la literatura y los principales diagnósticos diferenciales

Carcinoma papilar quístico y del tiroides: Estudio de 4 casos / Tryroid cyst papillary carcinoma: Study of four cases

Se presentaron 4 casos de carcinoma papilar quístico en el período de 4 años. Se realizó examen físico de todos los casos; se encontró una masa cervical firme en la cara anterior del cuello y en 2 de ellos, se palparon adenopatías cervicales. Se aplicaron técnicas de imagen (ecografía cervical y gammagrafía tiroidea); se completó el estudio con BAAF, que tuvo valor diagnóstico en el 75 % de los casos. Se realizó un estudio anatomopatológico de todas las piezas obtenidas. Se hizo la resección del quiste, biopsia intraoperatoria y si se confirmó el diagnóstico de carcinoma papilar quístico, se le realizó una tiroidectomía total y si fue necesario, linfadenectomía. Se completó el tratamiento con I131 a dosis ablativa y tratamiento hormonal supresor de la TSH. Se destacó el papel de la BAAF en el estudio preoperatorio.

4 cases of cyst papillary carcinoma in a period of 4 years were presented. All of them underwent physical examination. A firm cervical mass was found in the anterior side of the neck and cervical adenopathies were palpated in 2 of them. Imaging techniques (cervical echography and thyroid gammagram) were applied. The study was completed with FNAB, which had a diagnostic value in 75 % of the cases. An anatomopathological study of all the pieces obtained was conducted. Resection of the cyst and intraoperatory biopsy were performed. In those cases with confirmed diagnosis of cyst papillary carcinoma, total thyroidectomy was carried out and, if necessary, lymphadenectomy. The treatment was concluded with I131 at ablative doses and TSH -supressing hormonal treatment. The role of FNAB in the preoperative study was stressed.

Enfermedad de Kikuchi-Fujimoto: Reporte de un caso / Kikuchi-Fujimori's disease: A case report

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 21 años de edad con cuadro adénico febril de tres meses de evolución que simuló inicialmente el diagnóstico de una infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) o de una adenitis en el curso de enfermedad infecciosa, lo cual motivó el uso de antibioticoterapia por vía endovenosa. Se confirma mediante estudio histológico por punción aspirativa de ganglio cervical el diagnóstico de enfermedad de Kikuchi - Fujimoto. Se destacó la evolución favorable de manera espontánea, lo cual apoya el carácter autolimitado de la entidad. Se hizo hincapié en la necesidad e importancia de un juicio diagnóstico y pensamiento médico en busca de esta afección con el objetivo de evitar procederes diagnósticos y terapéuticos innecesarios.

The case of a 21-year-old female patient with adenic febrile picture of 3 months of evolution that simulated initially the diagnosis of an HIV infection or of an adenitis in the course of infectious disease that motivated the use of antibiotic therapy by endovenous route, was presented. The diagnosis of Kikuchi Fujimoto's disease was confirmed by histological study with aspiration puncture of the cervical ganglion.The spontaneous favorable evolution , which supports the self-limited character of the entity, was underlined. Emphasis was made on the need and importance of a diagnostic judgement and medical thinking in the search of this affection aimed at avoiding unncessary diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.