Survival rate of odontogenic descending necrotizing mediastinitis. Our experience in last 5 years.

BACKGROUND: Descending necrotising mediastinitis is one of the most lethal and least frequent forms of mediastinitis. It is a life-threatening infection most frequently originating from an oropharyngeal or odontogenic infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 6 patients diagnosed and treated for descending necrotising mediastinitis between 2015 and 2020 is reported. RESULTS: All patients were male, mean age of 34.83 years; 66% were smokers. 83% had an orocervical infection and 34% had initial mediastinal spread. All patients were treated initially with empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics and surgical drainage, with subsequent admission to the Intensive Care Unit; only one of them required tracheostomy. The mean hospital stay was 27.37 days. After a mean follow-up of 6 months, 100% of the cases had a complete recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis and surgical treatment combined with improved life-support treatment in intensive care units and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy leads to a decrease in associated mortality.

A checklist of helminths associated with reptiles (Tetrapoda: Reptilia) from Peru.

An annotated checklist of the helminth parasites associated with reptiles from Peru is provided, as the result of a compilation of parasitological papers published between 1963 and January 2022 and records of species deposited in national and international collections. The list provides data on hosts, developmental stage, sites of infection, geographical distribution in Peruvian territory, code of material deposited in helminthological collections, references and taxonomic notes. The database includes records of 106 different species of helminth parasites (82 nominal species and 24 taxa identified at the generic level), the majority in the adult stage. These helminth parasites come from 18 of the 25 official Peruvian regions. Nematodes have the highest richness in number of species (79 species), followed by trematodes (17 species) and cestodes (nine species). The acanthocephalans are represented by only one species. The parasites with the highest number of records were Physaloptera retusa Rudolphi, 1819 (11 hosts), Physalopteroides venancioi (Lent, Freitas & Proença, 1946) (nine hosts), Strongyluris oscari Travassos, 1923 (seven hosts), and Parapharyngodon scleratus Travassos, 1923 (five hosts), all of which are nematodes. The 106 taxa of helminth parasites have been reported infecting 55 species of reptiles in Peru, distributed in 34 genera and 14 families. The reptile species harbouring the highest number of helminth parasites are the yellow-footed tortoise Chelonoidis denticulatus (Linnaeus) with 18 species (three trematodes and 15 nematodes), followed by the Peru desert tegu Dicrodon guttulatum Duméril & Bibron (Teiidae) with 11 species (three cestodes and eight nematodes) and the yellow-spotted Amazon River turtle Podocnemis unifilis Troschel (Podocnemididae) with 10 species (five trematodes and five nematodes). Of the 524 species of reptiles reported in Peru, only 55 (>10%) are reported as hosts of helminths representing a small proportion considering the great variety of reptile hosts that inhabit the various tropical and subtropical geographical areas of Peru.

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma on the floor of the mouth: a rare entity in an unusual location.

Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) are a group of malignant neoplasms usually located in the lungs or gastrointestinal tract. Fewer cases are located in the head and neck, and in these rare presentations, the lingual tonsil, larynx, and major salivary glands are the most frequently affected sites. NECs exhibit similar characteristics regardless of where they arise. However, because these neoplasms are rare, a clear understanding of their aetiopathogenesis has yet to be described, and options for treatment have varied and are not unified. A rare NEC of the floor of the mouth is reported here; it appears that this location has not been reported previously. The diagnosis was established through histopathological analysis, and the patient underwent systemic treatment. He had a partial response to treatment in the first 3 months, but died 6 months after the initial diagnosis. This highly uncommon tumour can pose a significant diagnostic challenge for clinicians and pathologists alike and can result in diagnostic delay.

Statistical and clinical evaluation of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale-Spanish adaptation: an initial investigation.

The usefulness of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS) for Spanish dominant elderly adults has seen little empirical documentation, though there is considerable reason to hypothesize its value with this diverse and growing population. A Spanish adaptation of the MDRS (MDRS-SA) was developed for the present study in a manner to facilitate linguistic equivalence. Reliability for the MDRS-SA showed high split half internal consistency across all scales and Total Score. Two groups of elderly adults, one neurologically impaired and one not, both with low Mexican American acculturation level, Spanish dominance, and little formal education were participants. Results of a MANCOVA analysis, controlling for age, education, acculturation, and gender, showed the MDRS-SA to be effective at discriminating between groups across all scales (p < .001) and Total Score (p < .05). After determining significant differences between original norms and normative data on the present Spanish group, clinical utility of these statistical findings was investigated by generating specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy rates for the MDRS-SA Total Score, using Spanish normative data. Results of this preliminary study supported the MDRS-SA for use within the Mexican American, Spanish dominant elderly population, though additional larger validation studies are needed, particularly with well-documented clinical samples.

Neutrophil recovery time and adverse side effects in acute leukemia patients treated with intensive chemotherapy and concomitant G or GM-CSF.

OBJECTIVE: Compare the speed of neutrophil recovery and the unwanted secondary effects in two groups of acute leukemia patients treated with intensive chemotherapy and G or GM-CSF. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous G-CSF at a daily dose of 300 micrograms for adults and 150 micrograms for children or GM-CSF at 400 and 200 micrograms respectively, starting With chemotherapy and stopping when the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) reached 500/microL. Secondary effects were attributed to growth factors only when not coincidental with infection, chemotherapy or hemoderivative transfusion. RESULTS: 34 patients were included in the G-CSF arm and 37 in the GM-CSF arm. Distribution by sex, age, type of acute leukemia, induction or post-induction therapy, as well as initial neutrophil count were comparable among the two groups. Mean time for ANC > 500/microL was 19 days for G-CSF group and 16 days for GM-CSF group (p = 0.08). There were no statistically significant differences in secondary unwanted side effects between the two groups. There were two cases of growth factor-related-fever in the G-CSF group and five in the GM-CSF group (p = 0.25). There was a case of systemic reaction in the G-CSF group. Twenty-nine patients in each group presented febrile neutropenia episodes (p = 0.45). The only factor that showed significance on neutrophil recovery speed was type of leukemia (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: We found no clear advantage of one growth factor over the other for this indication.

[Comparison of 2 regimens of polychemotherapy in refractory acute leukemia or in relapse]. / Comparación de dos regímenes de poliquimioterapia en leucemia aguda refractaria o en recaída.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of two chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of relapsed and refractory acute leukemias. METHODS: We randomly assigned 24 patients in two groups: the LARR1 group received induction with 4 days of etoposide and 4 days of high-dose ara-C; the LARR2 group received induction therapy with 4 days of etoposide plus 3 days of mitoxantrone. Consolidation was given using the same drugs at the same dosage. Maintenance therapy was the same for both groups alternating methotrexate, vincristine, L-asparaginase, carmustine, cyclophosphamide and Ara-C. Every 15 weeks both groups repeated consolidation according to their group. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor was used in both groups. RESULTS: Median survival for both groups was 5 months (range 1-17). Ten months after starting therapy three patients were disease free in the LARR1 group and two in the LARR2 group. There were no statistically significant differences in complete remission rate (p = 0.62), refractoriness (p = 0.58), deaths in induction (0.14) and other parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Our results were comparable with those of others. The only advantage we found was the possibility of using the LARR1 treatment in patients who have reached or are about to reach cardiotoxic-anthracycline doses.

[Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the treatment of febrile neutropenia]. / Factor estimulante de colonias de granulocitos en el tratamiento de neutropenia febril.

PURPOSE: To determine whether granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) used in addition to antibiotic therapy, in patients with chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia shortens the period of fever, neutropenia and hospitalization. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was prospective. Patients with lymphoblastic acute leukemia (LAL) were included. They received intensive chemotherapy of induction, intensification, or consolidation. At random, a group received amikacin-ceftriaxone; if no had response after 3 days, we added vancomicin and, after 7 days, amphotericin. The other group received in addition these antibiotics, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. RESULTS: The groups were comparable in the magnitude of the initial neutropenia (< 0.5 x 10(9)/L), site of the infection, chemotherapy received germs isolated, age, and sex. The patients of the group that received FEC-G were cured in the course of 3.1 days; in the group without FEC-G, this occurred in 7.2 days (p = 0.0001). At the end of the infectious episode, the number of neutrophils, in the group with FEC-G, was of 1.9 x 10(9)/L versus 0.7 x 10(9)/L (p = 0.0009). The mortality was of one and two cases (p = 0.46). The global mortality was 7.5%. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of FEC-G to the treatment with antibiotics, in febrile neutropenia, decreases duration of days with fever, hospitalization and neutropenia. However, the frequency of cure is not augmented.

Nutcracker or left renal vein compression phenomenon: multidetector computed tomography findings and clinical significance.

The use of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in routine abdominal explorations has increased the detection of the nutcracker phenomenon, defined as left renal vein (LRV) compression by adjacent anatomic structures. The embryology and anatomy of the nutcracker phenomenon are relevant as a background for the nutcracker syndrome, a rare cause of hematuria as well as other symptoms. MDCT examples of collateral renal vein circulation (gonadal, ureteric, azygous, lumbar, capsular) and aortomesenteric (anterior) and retroaortic (posterior) nutcracker phenomena in patients with no urologic complaint are shown as well as studies performed on patients with gross hematuria of uncertain origin. Incidental observation of collateral veins draining the LRV in abdominal MDCT explorations of asymptomatic patients may be a sign of a compensating nutcracker phenomenon. Imbalance between LRV compression and development of collateral circulation may lead to symptomatic nutcracker syndrome.

Fracaso de la osteosíntesis mandibular. Consideraciones biomecánicas y tratamiento. A propósito de dos casos clínicos / Mandibular osteosynthesis failure. Biomechanical and therapeutic considerations. Two clinical cases

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Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and related conditions in a south Texas Mexican American sample.

The prevalence of self-reported diabetes mellitus in a Mexican American sample population living in Hidalgo County in south Texas was examined along with risk for related sequelae. Data from a stratified random sample of 849 Mexican American men and women ages 45 and older were examined. A subsample of 193 diabetics was compared to 656 nondiabetics with respect to hospitalization, reasons for hospitalization, and other related medical conditions. The prevalence of self-reported diabetes for both men and women was 25.9%. Hospitalization rates for diabetics over a 1-year period and a 5-year period were significantly higher than nondiabetics. Hypertension, cardiac problems, amputations, kidney or urinary problems, eye problems, and joint and bone problems were significantly more common in the diabetics sample than in the nondiabetic sample. The data indicate that diabetes in Mexican Americans may be undertreated in south Texas.

Luxación crónica recidivante. Tratamiento: osteotomía glenotemporal de Norman / Chronic recurring dislocation treatment: Norman glenotemporal osteotomy

Introducción: Varios procedimientos quirúrgicos se han utilizadopara limitar la apertura mandibular en pacientes con luxaciones recidivantesde la articulación temporomandibular (ATM). Éstas incluyen la inyecciónde agentes esclerosantes y el bloqueo mecánico mandibular. Otros métodosse basan en bloquear la traslación del cóndilo mandibular mediante la fracturadel arco zigomático o mediante injerto óseo con aumento de la eminenciaarticular y la creación de un impedimento mecánico usando mallade vitalio o tornillos de acero inoxidable. Objetivo: Evaluar la experienciade los autores en el tratamiento de las luxaciones recidivantes de mandíbulacuando se tratan ambos componentes: el óseo (eminencia) y el muscular(pterigoideo lateral). Material y métodos: 25 pacientes afectados de luxaciónrecidivante (>3episodios/año) entre Enero 1997- Agosto 2008 con unaedad media de 30 años; 21 de ellos son tratados de manera primaria y 4 porrecidivas. Se realiza la técnica quirúrgica bajo anestesia general, incidiendoa lo largo del arco zigomático con una disección roma hasta exponer la paredanterior de la cápsula articular. Colocación de placa en “L” con fijación bicorticalcon tornillos. Resultados: Tras seguimiento radiológico y clínico tras laintervención (de 6 a 36 meses), se objetiva la ausencia de pérdidas de injerto,sin recidivas, remisión completa o parcial del dolor, buena apertura oraly ausencia de complicaciones importantes. Conclusión: La técnica descritapara restringir los movimientos de la ATM en casos de la dislocación crónicaes relativamente simple, normalizando la función articular de forma inmediatasin necesitar tratamiento suplementario(AU)

Background. Various surgical procedures have been usedto limit mandible opening in patients with recurrent dislocations ofthe temporo mandible joint (TMJ). These include intracapsularinjection of sclerosing agents and tethering of the mandible. Othermethods include obstruction of the condylar translation bydownfracturing the zygomatic arch or by bone graft augmentationof the tuberculum and creating a mechanical impediment usingVitallium mesh or a stainless steel pin. Objective. To evaluate theauthor’s experience in the treatment of recurrent dislocation of themandible when both components, the osseous (eminence) and themuscular one (lateral pterigoideum), are treated. Material andmethods. From January 1997 to August 2008, twenty-five patientes,30 years old of averaged age, are affected by recurrent luxation (>3episodes/year). Twenty-one of them are treated primarily and fourof them because of recurrences. The operative procedure is developedunder general anesthesia, incising along the zygomatic arch usingblunt dissection so that the front wall of the articular capsule canbe exposed completely. An L-shaped plate is fixed bicortically withpins. Results. Radiological and clinical follow-up after the surgicaltreatment (6 to 36 months postoperatively) manifest the absenceof lost graft, no recurrence, completed or partial pain remission,adequate mouth aperture and absence of important complications.Conclusion. The technique described for restricting TMJ movementsin cases of chronic dislocation is relatively simple. The function ofthe TMJ was immediately normalized and no supplementarytreatment was necessary(AU)

Carcinoma ductal sobre adenoma pleomorfo de parótida / Duct carcinoma over the pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland

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