RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Suicide is one of the main external causes of death worldwide. People who have already attempted suicide are at high risk of new suicidal behavior. However, there is a lack of information on the risk factors that facilitate the appearance of reattempts. The aim of this study was to calculate the risk of suicide reattempt in the presence of suicidal history and psychosocial risk factors and to estimate the effect of each individual risk factor. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the PRISMA-2020 guidelines. Studies on suicide reattempt that measured risk factors were searched from inception to 2022. The risk factors studied were those directly related to suicide history: history of suicide prior to the index attempt, and those that mediate the transition from suicidal ideation to attempt (alcohol or drug misuse, impulsivity, trauma, and non-suicidal self-injury). RESULTS: The initial search resulted in 11 905 articles. Of these, 34 articles were selected for this meta-analysis, jointly presenting 52 different effect sizes. The pooled effect size across the risk factors was significant (OR 2.16). Reattempt risk may be increased in presence of any of the following risk factors: previous history, active suicidal ideation, trauma, alcohol misuse, and drug misuse. However, impulsivity, and non-suicidal self-injury did not show a significant effect on reattempt. CONCLUSION: Most of the risk factors traditionally associated with suicide are also relevant when talking about suicide reattempts. Knowing the traits that define reattempters can help develop better preventive and intervention plans.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Dysfunctions in the oxytocin system have been reported in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Deficits could be related to interpersonal hypersensitivity, which has been previously associated with failures in social cognition (SC) in this disorder, especially in Theory of Mind (ToM) skills. The aim of this work is to study the links between the oxytocin system and SC impairments in patients with BPD. METHOD: Plasma oxytocin levels (OXT) and protein expression of oxytocin receptors in blood mononuclear cells (OXTR) were examined in 33 patients with a diagnosis of BPD (age: M 28.85, DT = 8.83). Social cognition was assessed using the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC). Statistical associations between biochemical factors and different response errors in MASC were analyzed through generalized linear regression controlling for relevant clinical factors. RESULTS: Generalized linear regression showed a significant relationship between lower OXTR and overmentalization in BPD patients (OR = 0.90). CONCLUSIONS: This work supports the relationship between alterations in the oxytocin system and ToM impairments observed in BPD patients, enhancing the search for endophenotypes related to the phenotypic features of the disorder to improve current clinical knowledge and address more specific therapeutic targets.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe , Oxitocina , Receptores de Oxitocina , Cognición Social , Teoría de la Mente , Humanos , Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/sangre , Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/fisiopatología , Oxitocina/sangre , Oxitocina/metabolismo , Adulto , Femenino , Receptores de Oxitocina/metabolismo , Masculino , Teoría de la Mente/fisiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The widespread use of online social networks, particularly among the younger demographic, has catalyzed a growing interest in exploring their influence on users' psychological well-being. Instagram (Meta), a visually oriented platform, has garnered significant attention. Prior research has consistently indicated that Instagram usage correlates with heightened levels of perfectionism, body dissatisfaction, and diminished self-esteem. Perfectionism is closely linked to self-criticism, which entails an intense self-scrutiny and is often associated with various psychopathologies. Conversely, self-compassion has been linked to reduced levels of perfectionism and stress, while fostering greater positive affect and overall life satisfaction. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the relationship between Instagram usage (time of use and content exposure) and users' levels of self-compassion, self-criticism, and body dissatisfaction. METHODS: This study comprised 1051 adult participants aged between 18 and 50 years, either native to Spain or residing in the country for at least a decade. Each participant completed a tailored questionnaire on Instagram usage, along with abbreviated versions of the Self-Compassion Scale, the Body Shape Questionnaire, and the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire, spanning from January 23 to February 25, 2022. RESULTS: A positive correlation was observed between daily Instagram usage and self-criticism scores. Participants of all age groups who spent over 3 hours per day on Instagram exhibited higher self-criticism scores than users who spent less than 1 hour or between 1 and 3 hours per day. Contrary to previous findings, no significant relationship was detected between Instagram usage time and levels of self-compassion or body dissatisfaction. Furthermore, content centered around physical appearance exhibited a positive correlation with self-criticism and body dissatisfaction scores. Among younger participants (aged 18-35 years), those who primarily viewed beauty or fashion content reported higher self-criticism scores than those consuming science-related content. However, this association was not significant for participants aged 35-50 years. Conversely, individuals who predominantly engaged with sports or fitness or family or friends content exhibited higher levels of body dissatisfaction than those focusing on science-related content. No significant associations were observed between self-compassion scores and daily Instagram usage or most-viewed content categories. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study underscore the considerable impact of Instagram usage on self-criticism and body dissatisfaction-2 variables known to influence users' psychological well-being and be associated with various symptoms and psychological disorders.
Asunto(s)
Insatisfacción Corporal , Empatía , Medios de Comunicación Sociales , Humanos , Adulto , España , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Medios de Comunicación Sociales/estadística & datos numéricos , Insatisfacción Corporal/psicología , Autoimagen , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Autoevaluación (Psicología) , Satisfacción PersonalRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: This work aims to demonstrate, through the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) responses, an altered emotional pattern in borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients and to find a specific emotional response pattern by understanding their relationship with traumatic experiences and attachment bonds towards their primary caregivers. METHOD: A total of 50 BPD patients and 39 control patients were evaluated using the IAPS, and its assessment was carried out through the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM). Paternal and maternal attachment bonds as well as traumatic experiences in BPD patients were evaluated. Statistical associations were analysed in the different variables. RESULTS: Significant differences between BPD and control patients were found in all emotional response components for pleasant, unpleasant and neutral images (p < .01), with one exception, the arousal in pleasant images. Patients' experience of traumatic experiences was positively related to scores on the happiness component of pleasant imagery (p = .057) and on the arousal component of unpleasant imagery (p = .058). Poorer maternal bonding in BPD patients was significantly related to lower scores on happiness (p < .01) and dominance (p < .05) components of pleasant imagery and all emotional response components for unpleasant imagery (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study confirm an impaired emotional response pattern in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), showing an emotional response to pleasant images similar to that of depression, while the pattern found to unpleasant images could be related to the complex trauma observed in these patients, which includes PTSD experiences such as sexual abuse and attachment trauma experiences.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe , Masculino , Humanos , Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/complicaciones , Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/psicología , Emociones/fisiología , Nivel de Alerta/fisiología , Autoevaluación (Psicología) , FelicidadRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study investigates the feeling of emptiness in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and patients with eating disorder (ED) and its relationship with suicidal behaviour and childhood traumatic events. METHODOLOGY: One hundred three BPD patients and 107 ED patients were assessed with the Feeling of Emptiness Scale (FES) and the Traumatic Experiences Questionnaire (TQ). Suicidal behaviour was assessed with a specific interview for frequency and intensity of suicidal behaviour. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between the different factors of the FES between BPD patients and ED patients. A significant relationship was observed between Factors 1 and 4 of the FES and suicidal behaviour scores in both groups. Traumatic experiences were more strongly related to Factors 1, 2 and 4 in BPD patients. CONCLUSIONS: BPD patients and ED patients show similar scores in the global construct of feeling of emptiness. However, results suggest some qualitatively difference between the nature of feeling of emptiness in BPD and in ED. As expected, suicidal behaviour is most frequently in BPD patients, and is significantly associated with Factors 1 and 4 of the FES in both groups. Therefore, feeling of emptiness could be a predictor of suicidal behaviours in patients with emotional and behavioural instability.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe , Ideación Suicida , Humanos , Emociones , Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/psicologíaRESUMEN
The objective of this work is the creation of specific indices of the different executive functions (EF).
Asunto(s)
Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe , Humanos , Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/complicaciones , Función EjecutivaRESUMEN
The spectrum of suicidal behavior is a core factor of the prognosis and care of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). The aim of this study is to identify possible BPD specific personality traits that could act as protective factors of nonsuicidal self-injuries (NSSI.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe , Conducta Autodestructiva , Humanos , Ideación Suicida , Intención , Narcisismo , Factores ProtectoresRESUMEN
High comorbidity between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and eating disorders (ED) shows the necessity of developing transdiagnostic models, where impulsivity could play a relevant role in the manifestations of self-injurious behaviour.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos , Conducta Autodestructiva , Humanos , Conducta Autodestructiva/complicaciones , Conducta Autodestructiva/diagnóstico , Conducta Impulsiva , Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/complicaciones , Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/epidemiología , Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/diagnóstico , Comorbilidad , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos/complicacionesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Some studies suggest that inflammatory signaling dysregulation may contribute to eating disorder (ED) pathophysiology. However, little is known about the influence of inflammatory response on altered processes seen among patients with ED, such as emotional processing and reactivity. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were: (a) to investigate the systemic inflammatory response in ED women; and (b) to analyze the role of inflammatory markers in emotional reactivity. METHOD: Concentrations of several intercellular and intracellular inflammatory mediators (cytokines, prostaglandin by-products and enzymes, TBARS, and MAPK proteins) were quantified in plasma and PBMCs from 68 women with an ED (m = 22.01 years, SD = 9.15) and 35 healthy controls (m = 18.54 years, SD = 4.21). Moreover, emotional reactivity to affective pictures (those without either food or thinness content) was studied using the adult (>18 years old) sample (n = 41). RESULTS: Between-group differences were revealed for most markers (TNF-α, PGE2 , COX2, and ratio of activated MAPK proteins), pointing to increased inflammatory response in patients (p < .01). Women with ED showed heightened emotional reactivity, regardless of picture valence. Principal components derived from inflammatory markers showed an explanatory loading on patient's emotional reaction, in terms of valence and arousal. CONCLUSION: This study corroborates the altered systemic inflammatory response in patients with ED. The inflammatory dysregulation may contribute to ED phenotype, as seen by its relationship with heightened emotional reactivity, even though the inflammatory markers were not evaluated throughout the emotional reactivity protocol.
Asunto(s)
Nivel de Alerta , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos , Adolescente , Emociones , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: There is a significant relationship between childhood trauma and the development of an eating disorder in adolescence or adulthood, possibly influenced by circulating levels of inflammatory parameters. The main objective is to identify and describe a subgroup of patients with eating disorders and a history of trauma in childhood or adolescence with differential clinical features. METHODS: An observational study on a sample of 55 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for any DSM-5 eating disorder was carried out. Inflammatory parameters in white blood cells were examined. Patients underwent different assessments, including clinical and personality scales. RESULTS: Patients with a history of trauma had higher scores in the delirious and narcissistic items of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-II) (p < 0.05) and a higher score in the paranoid item of the SCID-5 Personality Disorders Version (SCID-5-PD) (p < 0.05). Patients with distinguishing personality features were grouped according to the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire sexual subscale. Tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α) showed a significant association with childhood trauma history. CONCLUSIONS: There is a profile of patients with eating disorders who have increased activity in the inflammatory pathways that, if identified precociously, can benefit from specifically aimed interventions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, observational study.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos , Adolescente , Adulto , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos/diagnóstico , Humanos , Personalidad , Trastornos de la Personalidad , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Suicidal behavior (SB) spectrum is nuclear in the clinic and management of Borderline Personality Dis- order (BPD). Although in recent research papers non-suicidal self-injury behavior (NSSI) and suicidal behavior (SB) differ in intentionality, frequency and lethality; these two behaviors have been described concurrently with a controversial distinction. Few works talk about the reason for the co-occurrence between both entities in the psychiatric population in general and in BPD in particular. The aim of the report is to analyze the link between SB and NSSI in BPD.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe , Conducta Autodestructiva , Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/complicaciones , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Conducta Autodestructiva/complicaciones , Ideación SuicidaRESUMEN
Fibromyalgia has been reported as having some clinical overlap with both depression and emotionally-unstable disorders, although both types of disorders present different cortisol suppression response to dexamethasone. In this study we investigated the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system (HPA) in the fibromyalgic syndrome (FMS) using a dexamethasone suppression test (DST) of 0.25 mg designed to specifically detect cortisol hypersuppression. We studied 59 women (20 patients and 39 healthy controls) to whom the DST was administered together with a battery of psychometric tests. In our results, patients with FMS had significant lower levels of basal cortisol pre- and post-DST compared with control subjects. However, cortisol suppression rate in patients after DST was not significantly different than in controls. As other syndromes like post-traumatic stress disorder or emotionally unstable personality disorders, also related with high incidence of severe trauma, FMS patients presented significant low basal cortisol. However, they did not have cortisol hypersuppression as is commonly found in the mentioned disorders. The relation of FMS with lifetime traumas and with emotional instability should be further investigated in order to improve psychological treatment approaches for these patients.LAY SUMMARYPatients with fibromyalgic syndrome have basal hypocortisoism but no cortisol hypersuppression after dexamethasone infusion compared to control subjects, as other trauma-related syndromes.
Asunto(s)
Fibromialgia , Dexametasona , Femenino , Fibromialgia/diagnóstico , Humanos , Hidrocortisona , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisario , Sistema Hipófiso-Suprarrenal , Estrés PsicológicoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The current multicentre randomized controlled trial assessed the clinical efficacy of a combined mHealth intervention for eating disorders (EDs) based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). METHOD: A total of 106 ED patients from eight different public and private mental health services in Spain were randomly assigned to two parallel groups. Patients of the experimental group (N = 53) received standard face-to-face CBT plus a mobile intervention through an application called "TCApp," which provides self-monitoring and an online chat with the therapist. The control group (N = 53) received standard face-to-face CBT only. Patients completed self-report questionnaires on ED symptomatology, anxiety, depression, and quality of life, before and after treatment. RESULTS: Significant reductions in primary and secondary outcomes were observed for participants of both groups, with no differences between groups. Results also suggested that the frequency with which patients attended their referral mental health institution after the intervention was lower for patients in the experimental group than for those in the control group. DISCUSSION: The current study showed that CBT can help to reduce symptoms relating to ED, regardless of whether its delivery includes online components in addition to traditional face-to-face treatment. Besides, the additional component offered by the TCApp does not appear to be promising from a purely therapeutic perspective but perhaps as a cost-effective tool, reducing thus the costs and time burden associated with weekly visits to health professionals.
Asunto(s)
Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual/métodos , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos/terapia , Telemedicina/métodos , Adolescente , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Chronic feeling of emptiness (CFE) is con- sidered a diagnostic criteria in current psychiatric classifica- tions. However, no rating scale is still available for this phe- nomenological concept, which affects diagnostic reliability and the homogeneous use of the concept among clinicians. The aim of this study is to investigate the dimensional com- ponents of CFE and elaborate a specific questionnaire.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/normas , Adulto , Tedio , Femenino , Humanos , Soledad/psicología , Masculino , Investigación Cualitativa , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , AutoimagenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Neurocognitive impairment is considered an essential symptom of schizophrenia, particularly in its early stages. Nonetheless, the neuropsychological features of borderline personality disorder (BPD) could cast doubt on the specificity of neurocognitive dysfunctions. The aim of this study is to determine whether neurocognitive deficits are specific to schizophrenia-spectrum conditions as compared to a similarly severe psychiatric illness like BPD. METHOD: A battery of neuropsychological tests was used to assess the abilities for attention, verbal memory and executive functions in a group of 34 borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients, 24 patients with first episode of a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder (FEP) and a group of 19 controls. RESULTS: ANOVA for multiple measures with subsequent post-hoc tests demonstrated significant effect sizes between controls and patients for all cognitive domains. However, the effect sizes of comparisons between both groups of patients were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Results show significant neuropsychological impairment in both disorders when compared with normal controls, but no specific pattern of neurocognitive deficits for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders was found.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/diagnóstico , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Atención , Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/fisiopatología , Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/psicología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Función Ejecutiva , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Memoria , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatología , Psicología del Esquizofrénico , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Eating disorders (EDs) are a series of differentiated nosological entities sharing the common link of a continuous alteration in food intake or in food intake-related behavior. Within this classification, the following disorders are noteworthy: anorexia nerviosa (AN) and bulimia nerviosa (BN). Anorexia nervosa is a chronic disorder characterized mainly by negative or decreased food intake accompanied by a distortion of body image and intense accompanying fear of weight gain. The estimated vital prevalence of this disorder in adolescence is approximately 0.5%-1%.1 The primary feature of BN is the presence of binge eating accompanied by compensatory behavior (in the form of intense exercise and the use of laxatives and diuretics, etc.). The prevalence of BN is estimated to be between 2% and 4% in young women, and it generally starts at somewhat later stages than AN. It is believed that biological, psychological, and environmental factors, as well as genetic vulnerability, influence the pathogenesis of EDs. A variety of therapies exist, both biological and psychological, whose effectiveness is supported by the scientific literature. Nonetheless, we find these therapies only partially effective and new targets as well as new treatments should be sought. Although the etiopathogenesis of EDs is unclear, some of the neurobiological dysfunction found suggests that diet and nutrient supplementation could be relevant in their treatment. We review in this article new treatments focusing on nutritional deficits.
Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos/dietoterapia , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos/complicaciones , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos/fisiopatología , Humanos , Desnutrición/complicaciones , Transmisión SinápticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Current literature suggests that personality disorder comorbidity negatively contributes to both the severity and prognosis of other disorders; however, little literature has been devoted to its influence on borderline personality disorder (BPD). The objective of the present work is to study comorbidity with other personality disorders in a severe clinical sample of patients with BPD, and its relationship with global functionality. METHODS: A sample of 65 patients with severe borderline personality disorder was included in the study. Clinical and functionality measures were applied in order to study comorbidity of BPD with other disorders and its relationship with functionality. Associations with other comorbid PDs were analyzed with t-tests and linear correlations. RESULTS: Most patients (87%) presented comorbidity with other PDs. Almost half of the sample (42%) presented more than two PDs, and cluster A (paranoid) and C (obsessive and avoidant) PD were more frequent than cluster B (histrionic and antisocial). Only the presence of avoidant PD predicted a worse functional outcome in the long term (U Mann Withney p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Severely impaired BPD patients present greater comorbidity with cluster A and C PDs. Comorbid avoidant personality disorder might negatively predict for prognosis.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/complicaciones , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos de la Personalidad/complicaciones , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Follow-up studies revealed that subjects with borderline personality disorder (BPD) present high rates of clinical remission, although psychosocial functioning often remains impaired. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a cognitive rehabilitation intervention versus a psychoeducational program on psychosocial functioning in subjects with BPD. METHODS: A multicenter, randomized, and positive-controlled clinical trial was conducted. Seventy outpatients with BPD were randomized to cognitive rehabilitation or psychoeducational group interventions. Participants were evaluated after completion of the intervention period (16 weeks) and after the follow-up period (6 months). Psychosocial functioning, clinical and neuropsychological outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: No main effects of group or group x time were observed on functionality but a significant effect of time was found. Post-hoc analyses showed that only cognitive rehabilitation increased psychosocial functioning significantly at endpoint. Psychoeducation showed a significant enhancement of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive rehabilitation and psychoeducational interventions appeared to show good efficacy in improving disabilities in daily life in subjects with BPD. These interventions are easily implemented in mental health settings and have the advantage of improving general functioning and clinical symptoms. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02033044. Registered 9 January 2014.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/rehabilitación , Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual/métodos , Adulto , Atención Ambulatoria , Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/psicología , Depresión/rehabilitación , Función Ejecutiva/fisiología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Relaciones Interpersonales , Masculino , Memoria/fisiología , Educación del Paciente como Asunto/métodos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The management of schizophrenia necessitates a comprehensive treatment paradigm that considers individual patient nuances and the efficacy of lurasidone in addressing schizophrenia symptoms, particularly at elevated dosages. Numerous randomized trials have affirmed the efficacy of lurasidone across various dimensions of schizophrenia, demonstrating marked enhancements in positive, negative and cognitive symptoms compared to a placebo. In addition, lurasidone exhibits potential in ameliorating agitation amongst acutely ill patients, showcasing greater efficacy at higher doses. However, despite the favourable outcomes observed with higher lurasidone doses, routine clinical practice often opts for lower doses, potentially limiting its maximal therapeutic impact. Furthermore, lurasidone also shows efficacy in reducing post-psychotic depression in dual psychosis. Moreover, practical insights into lurasidone usage encompass swift dose escalation within a 1-5-day span and recommended combination strategies with other medications such as benzodiazepines for insomnia or agitation, beta-blockers for akathisia, and antihistamines or antimuscarinic drugs for patients transitioning rapidly from antipsychotics with substantial antihistamine and/or anticholinergic effects. Finally, a series of clinical cases is presented, highlighting benefits of lurasidone in terms of cognitive function, functional recovery and other therapeutic aspects for the management of schizophrenia.
RESUMEN
Interpersonal difficulties in borderline personality disorder (BDP) have been suggested to be related to impairments in Social Cognition (SC), mainly due to deficits in Theory of Mind (ToM). However, literature is scarce and ambiguous. This work aims to study the SC impairments in BPD patients, by the specific assessment of ToM deficits, and to investigate the relationship between these SC impairments and clinical variables. 82 BPD patients with BPD and 47 control subjects were assessed with the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC). Clinical variables of severity, chronicity, functionality and anxious-depressive symptomatology were recorded. BPD patients had fewer correct mentalization responses and more overmentalization, undermentalization, and absence of mentalization errors than controls. Chronicity was negatively correlated with overmentalization and positively correlated with undermentalization and absence of mentalization errors. Functionality was indirectly correlated with absence of mentalization. These results confirm previous reports of alterations in SC in BPD patients. Furthermore, this study shows that SC impairments in patients with BPD are dependent on characteristics such as chronicity or degree of functionality. The different ToM profiles in patients with BPD indicate the necessity of developing variants of mentalization therapy depending on the deficits of each patient.