Observation of inverse Compton emission from a long γ-ray burst.

Long-duration γ-ray bursts (GRBs) originate from ultra-relativistic jets launched from the collapsing cores of dying massive stars. They are characterized by an initial phase of bright and highly variable radiation in the kiloelectronvolt-to-megaelectronvolt band, which is probably produced within the jet and lasts from milliseconds to minutes, known as the prompt emission1,2. Subsequently, the interaction of the jet with the surrounding medium generates shock waves that are responsible for the afterglow emission, which lasts from days to months and occurs over a broad energy range from the radio to the gigaelectronvolt bands1-6. The afterglow emission is generally well explained as synchrotron radiation emitted by electrons accelerated by the external shock7-9. Recently, intense long-lasting emission between 0.2 and 1 teraelectronvolts was observed from GRB 190114C10,11. Here we report multi-frequency observations of GRB 190114C, and study the evolution in time of the GRB emission across 17 orders of magnitude in energy, from 5 × 10-6 to 1012 electronvolts. We find that the broadband spectral energy distribution is double-peaked, with the teraelectronvolt emission constituting a distinct spectral component with power comparable to the synchrotron component. This component is associated with the afterglow and is satisfactorily explained by inverse Compton up-scattering of synchrotron photons by high-energy electrons. We find that the conditions required to account for the observed teraelectronvolt component are typical for GRBs, supporting the possibility that inverse Compton emission is commonly produced in GRBs.

[Study on the feasibility of improving menopausal syndrome using the one-day outpatient based continuous management model].

To explore the mode of"one-day outpatient"based continuous management and examine its feasibility and preliminary effects for improving menopausal syndrome and mood among menopausal women.Clinical intervention study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynecology Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2020 to May 2021.The continuous management mode of "one-day outpatient service" for menopause was constructed in terms of multidisciplinary resources, including offline "one-day outpatient" health education, online 7-week group continuous intervention on "healthy lifestyle" and offline half-day focus group interview. Pre-and post-scores of the modified Kupperman scale and the positive/negative emotional scale (PANAS) were measured to compare the status of menopausal syndrome and emotional experience of Seventy-eight female participants (40-60 years old), meanwhile, before and after comparison of the blood lipid and body composition indexes of participants were also performed. Paired t test or Wilcoxon signed rank test were used.Results show that the pre-and post Kupperman scores were 14.65±8.51 vs 10.26±5.83 (t=-5.59, P<0.01), and the positive emotional scores (pre- 28.53±5.85 vs post- 30.13±6.30) were improved (t=2.59, P=0.012) and negative emotional scores [pre- 20.5(10) vs post- 17.0(7)] were decreased (Z=-5.09, P<0.01). The triglyceride level of participants declined from (1.27±0.54) mmol/L to (1.09±0.38) mmol/L (t=-2.45, P<0.05). In addition, the body mass index(pre- 22.52±2.34 vs post- 22.06±2.22), percentage of body fat (pre- 31.72±6.22 vs post- 30.91±6.52)and Visceral fat area(pre- 83.96±30.26 vs post- 79.66±29.71) were all improved (t=-3.58,t=-2.57,t=-2.59, P<0.05). Therefore,the mode of"one-day outpatient"based continuous management can effectively improve menopausal syndrome and adverse mood, reduce patients' blood lipid, improve the body composition, and maybe contribute to the prevention of long-term chronic diseases.

[Effect of HIF-2α mediated FoxM1 expression on proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in hypoxic rats].

Objective: To investigate the effect of hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) gene on the expression of Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) protein in the proliferation of hypoxic rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC). Methods: HIF-2α overexpression lentiviral vector (LV-HIF-2α) and silencing RNA (siRNA) were constructed and transfected into rat PASMC under normoxia and hypoxia, respectively. The PASMC under normoxia were classified into normoxic control group, normoxia + LV-HIF-2α empty group, normoxia + LV-HIF-2α group; the PASMC under hypoxia were classified into hypoxic control group, hypoxia + siRNA-HIF-2α empty group, hypoxia + siRNA-HIF-2α group. The expression of HIF-2α and its downstream proteins FoxM1, cyclin D1 and Aurora A expressions were detected by Western blot. 5-Ethyny-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) cell proliferation assay was used to evaluate the effect of overexpression and inhibition of HIF-2α expression on the proliferation of rat PASMC. Results: The expression of HIF-2α in normoxia + LV-HIF-2α group was significantly higher than that in normoxic control group and normoxia+LV-HIF-2α empty group (0.17±0.02 vs 0.09±0.01 and 0.07±0.00), while the expression of HIF-2α in PASMC of hypoxia + siRNA-HIF-2α group was significantly lower than that of hypoxic control group and hypoxia + siRNA-HIF-2α empty group (0.28±0.01 vs 0.35±0.02 and 0.30±0.01) (all P<0.05); the expression of FoxM1 protein, cyclinD1 and cell proliferation-related Aurora A protein in normoxia+LV-HIF-2α group were significantly higher than that in normoxic control group and normoxia+LV-HIF-2α empty group (0.40±0.03 vs 0.24±0.01 and 0.30±0.01, 0.22±0.02 vs 0.09±0.01 and 0.08±0.02, 0.29±0.02 vs 0.04±0.01 and 0.07±0.01, respectively) (all P<0.05); the expressions of FoxM1 protein, cyclinD1 and Aurora A protein in hypoxia + siRNA-HIF-2α group were significantly lower than those in hypoxic control group and hypoxia + siRNA-HIF-2α empty group (0.23±0.01 vs 0.36±0.02 and 0.32±0.01, 0.15±0.01 vs 0.31±0.01 and 0.28±0.03, 0.14±0.02 vs 0.33±0.03 and 0.27±0.02, respectively) (all P<0.05); the positive expression rate of EdU in the normoxic control group was significantly lower than that in the normoxia+LV-HIF-2α group [(30.77±2.43)% vs (55.56±3.01)%], while the hypoxic control group was significantly higher than the hypoxic+siRNA-HIF-2α group [(65.28±3.21)% vs (44.64±2.78)%] (both P<0.05). Conclusion: HIF-2α up-regulates the expression of FoxM1 and promotes the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in hypoxic rats.

[Effect of Krüppel like zinc finger transcription factor 2 on γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase in bronchial epithelial cells of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Objective: To research the regulation effects of Krüppel like zinc finger transcription factor 2 (KLF2) on γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) in airway epithelial cells of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: (1) Human specimen experiment: lung tissue of pulmonary lobectomy patients with lung cancer with or without COPD was collected from Department of Thoracic Surgery of Hunan Cancer Hospital from December 2008 to December 2009. The patients were divided into COPD group and control group without COPD. The levels of KLF2, γ-GCS mRNA and protein expression in lung tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH). Then, the correlation between KLF2 and γ-GCS mRNA and protein expression levels were analyzed, as well as the correlation between KLF2 or γ-GCS protein and smoking index, percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second to predicted value (FEV1%), percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FVC/FEV1). (2) Animal experiment: the primary bronchial epithelial cells of rats were extracted by enzyme digestion. After 6 hours of incubation with 10% tobacco smoke extract (TSE), cellular glutathione (GSH) was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The cells were transfected by specific inhibitor of KLF2 through the liposom, which inhibited the protein expression of KLF2. Then, the cells were divided into KB group (blank control group without any treatment), KB+ TSE group (treated with TSE), NC group (control group transfected with miRNA), NC+ TSE group (treated with miRNA and TSE), 92a group (transfected with KLF2 inhibitor), 92a+ TSE group (treated with KLF2 inhibitor transfection and TSE) based in the treatment. After that, the changes of KLF2 and γ-GCS mRNA and protein expression in the cells of each group were measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot method. Results: (1) Human specimen experiment: The expressions of KLF2 mRNA, protein and γ-GCS mRNA, protein in the lung tissue of COPD patients were strong positive and higher than those in control group (0.32±0.04 vs 0.19±0.03, 0.35±0.05 vs 0.22±0.03; 0.28±0.03 vs 0.16±0.03, 0.31±0.05 vs 0.21±0.03; all P<0.01). Linear correlation analysis showed that KLF2 mRNA and protein were positively correlated with γ-GCS mRNA and protein (r=0.705, 0.722; both P<0.01). The KLF2 and γ-GCS protein were positively correlated with smoking index, FEV1% and FEV1/FVC (r=0.552, 0.728, 0.670, and r=0.631, 0.727, 0.657; all P<0.01). (2) Animal experiment: The level of GSH in KB+ TSE group was significantly higher than that in KB group[(28.05±2.04) vs (7.27±0.33) nmol/mg, P<0.01]. The KLF2 mRNA, protein and γ-GCS mRNA, protein in KB+ TSE group (1.715±0.026, 1.842±0.028 and 2.117±0.067, 1.879±0.065) were higher than those in KB group (1.130±0.017, 1.177±0.033 and 1.378±0.053, 1.177±0.042; all P<0.05), and those in 92a group (0.472±0.028, 0.634±0.025 and 0.582±0.025, 0.554±0.021) were significantly lower than those in KB group, NC group (1.047±0.056, 1.092±0.045 and 1.303±0.037, 1.252±0.037), and those in TSE+ 92a group (0.262±0.017, 0.288±0.017 and 0.337±0.022, 0.321±0.022) were significantly lower than those in KB+ TSE group, 92a group and NC+ TSE group (1.576±0.036, 1.646±0.066 and 1.948±0.093, 1.843±0.078) (all P<0.05). Conclusion: KLF2 exerts antioxidative effect by regulating the expression of γ-GCS in the bronchial epithelial cells of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Identification of the Lowest T=2, J

Masses of ^{52g,52m}Co were measured for the first time with an accuracy of ∼10 keV, an unprecedented precision reached for short-lived nuclei in the isochronous mass spectrometry. Combining our results with the previous ß-γ measurements of ^{52}Ni, the T=2, J^{π}=0^{+} isobaric analog state (IAS) in ^{52}Co was newly assigned, questioning the conventional identification of IASs from the ß-delayed proton emissions. Using our energy of the IAS in ^{52}Co, the masses of the T=2 multiplet fit well into the isobaric multiplet mass equation. We find that the IAS in ^{52}Co decays predominantly via γ transitions while the proton emission is negligibly small. According to our large-scale shell model calculations, this phenomenon has been interpreted to be due to very low isospin mixing in the IAS.

[Healing effect of photodynamic therapy on extraction sockets of periodontally compromised teeth: a randomized, controlled, superiority clinical trial].

Objective: To evaluate the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in extraction sockets of periodontally compromised molars on soft tissue healing, postoperative pain, bone density and bone height changes. Methods: This study is a single-center, single-blind, randomized controlled superiority clinical trial. Thirty-eight periodontally compromised molars requiring extraction in patients attending the Department of Periodontology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, from December 2022 to September 2023 were included, and randomly assigned to PDT group and control group. The control group received routine debridement after extraction, while PDT group received routine debridement followed by PDT. The bucco-lingual and mesio-distal wound distances at 7 and 14 d after extraction were measured, and then the wound closure rates were calculated. Evaluating the soft tissue healing indexes at 7 and 14 d after extraction. The visual analogue scale was used to assess the pain level at 6 h, 1 d, 2 d, and 3 d after tooth extraction. Apical radiographs were taken immediately and 2 months after extraction in order to compare the changes of the bone density and height. Results: The wound closure rate at 1 week was (78.08±5.45)% in PDT group and (71.03±6.82)% in control group, with significant differences (P<0.01). The wound closure rate at 2 weeks in PDT group [(85.88±3.84) %] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(81.66±3.79) %] (P<0.01), but did not reach the superiority value of the superiority test (superiority value=10%, 95%CI at 1 week: 3.00%-11.12%, 95%CI at 2 weeks: 1.71%-6.73%). The soft tissue healing index of PDT group at 1 week was significantly better than the control group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups at 2 weeks (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of postoperative pain at 6 h, 1 d, 2 d and 3 d as well as in bone density and height changes at 2 months after tooth extraction (P>0.05). Conclusions: PDT could promote soft tissues healing to some extent, but did not provide additional assistance in the healing of extraction sockets of periodontally compromised teeth. PDT did not show benefits on postoperative pain, changes of the bone density and bone height after tooth extraction.

Casp11 Deficiency Alters Subgingival Microbiota and Attenuates Periodontitis.

Periodontitis (PD) is the primary cause of tooth loss in adults. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g), a keystone pathogen, has been identified as a crucial contributor to this process. Pyroptosis activation in PD is acknowledged, with accumulating evidence underscoring the crucial role of Caspase-11 (described as Caspase-4/5 in humans)-mediated noncanonical pyroptosis. However, the mechanism behind its impact on PD remains unclear. In this study, we delved into the interplay between the Caspase-11-mediated noncanonical pyroptosis, subgingival microbiota alteration, and macrophage polarization. Clinical samples from PD patients revealed heightened expression of Caspase-4, gasdermin-D, and their active fragments, pointing to the activation of the noncanonical pyroptosis. Single-cell sequencing analysis linked Caspase-4 with gingival macrophages, emphasizing their involvement in PD. In vitro cell experiments confirmed that P.g-induced pyroptosis was activated in macrophages, with Casp11 deficiency attenuating these effects. In an experimental PD mouse model, Casp11 deficiency led to an alteration in subgingival microbiota composition and reduced alveolar bone resorption. Casp11-/- mice cohousing with wild-type mice confirmed the alteration of the subgingival microbiota and aggravated the alveolar bone resorption. Notably, Casp11 deficiency led to decreased M1-polarized macrophages, corresponding with reduced alveolar bone resorption, uncovering a connection between subgingival microbiota alteration, macrophage M1 polarization, and alveolar bone resorption. Taken together, we showed that Caspase-11 fulfilled a crucial role in the noncanonical pyroptosis in PD, potentially influencing the subgingival microbiota and linking to M1 polarization, which was associated with alveolar bone resorption. These findings underscored the pivotal role of the Caspase-11-mediated noncanonical pyroptosis in PD pathogenesis and may provide critical insights into potential therapeutic avenues for mitigating PD.

Functional Connectivity Alterations and Molecular Characterization of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Tinnitus Pathology without Hearing Loss.

Compared with individuals with hearing loss, tinnitus patients without hearing loss have more psychological or emotional problems. Tinnitus is closely associated to abnormal metabolism and function of the limbic system, a key brain region for emotion experience, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. Using whole-brain microvasculature dynamics imaging, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is identified as a key brain region of limbic system involve in the onset of salicylate-induced tinnitus in mice. In the tinnitus group, there is enhanced purine metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and a distinct pattern of phosphorylation in glutamatergic synaptic pathway according to the metabolome profiles, quantitative proteomic, and phosphoproteomic data of mice ACC tissue. Electroencephalogram in tinnitus patients with normal hearing thresholds show that the functional connectivity between pregenual anterior cingulate cortex and the primary auditory cortex is significantly increased for high-gamma frequency band, which is positively correlated with the serum glutamate level. These findings indicate that ACC plays an important role in the pathophysiology of tinnitus by interacting with the primary auditory cortex and provide potential molecular targets in the ACC for tinnitus treatment.

Ossicles of lumbar articular facets: normal variant or spondylolytic variant?

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to establish the prevalence and significance of ossicles of lumbar articular facets (OLAF) in young athletes with backache diagnosed by multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MDCT examinations of the lumbar spine carried out for suspected spondylolysis on 46 consecutive symptomatic young athletes presenting to a sports injury clinic over a 1-year period were retrospectively reviewed. OLAF study included detailed correlation with the structural and morphological stress features of the posterior neural arches. This was then compared with a control group composed of 39 patients. RESULTS: Twenty-three OLAF were identified in 15 patients. Eleven of the 15 patients with ossicles had posterior element stress changes (PEST)/pars defects. In the control group, two OLAF were identified in two patients, one demonstrating PEST changes. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of OLAF in young symptomatic athletes compared with the asymptomatic control group is indicative of stress fractures. The non-united articular process fractures should be regarded as part of the spectrum of stress-induced changes in the posterior neural arch in the same way as spondylolysis. MDCT with volumetric acquisition and multi-planar reformation is the most reliable investigation in the diagnosis of OLAF. KEY POINTS: 1) This CT study supports a traumatic aetiology for lumbar articular facets ossicles. 2) OLAF represent part of a spectrum of stress-induced changes in the posterior neural arch. 3) OLAF are associated with typical spondylolysis. 4) OLAF can be overlooked on reverse gantry angle computed tomography (RG-CT). 5) OLAF may account for some of the discrepancy between radionuclide and RG-CT studies.

Estrogen promotes apoptosis of murine osteoclasts mediated by TGF-beta.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis, the most common bone disease in the developed world, is associated with estrogen deficiency. This deficiency induces increased generation and activity of osteoclasts, which perforate bone trabeculae, thus reducing their strength and increasing fracture risk. Estrogen replacement prevents these effects, indicating that estrogen negatively regulates osteoclast formation and function, but how it does this is unclear. Because functional osteoclast life span and thus the amount of bone that osteoclasts resorb could also be enhanced following estrogen deficiency, and since sex steroids regulate apoptosis in other target tissues, we investigated whether estrogen may affect osteoclast function by promoting apoptosis. 17 beta-Estradiol promoted apoptosis of murine osteoclasts in vitro and in vivo by two- to threefold. Tamoxifen, which has estrogenic effects on bone resorption, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta), whose production by osteoblasts is increased by estrogen, had similar effects in vitro. Anti-TGF-beta antibody inhibited TGF-beta-, estrogen- and tamoxifen-induced osteoclast apoptosis, indicating that TGF-beta might mediate this effect. These findings suggest that estrogen may prevent excessive bone loss before and after the menopause by limiting osteoclast life span through promotion of apoptosis. The development of analogues to promote this mechanism specifically could be a useful and novel therapeutic approach to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in breeding sows in Western Fujian Province, China.

The objective of the present investigation was to estimate the seroprevalence T. gondii infection in breeding sows in Western Fujian Province, the People's Republic of China. Sera collected from breeding sows during 2006-2007 from 6 different regions in Western Fujian Province were assayed for antibodies to T. gondii by an indirect hemagglutination antibody (IHA) test. Antibodies to T. gondii were detected in 87 (14.38%) of 605 breeding sows. Differences in seroprevalence were observed between sampling regions, ranging from 10.14% to 37.50%. The present investigation demonstrated that the prevalence of T. gondii infection in breeding sows in Fujian Province was high. Integrated control strategies and measures should be implemented to prevent and control T. gondii infection in breeding sows, which in turn will have significant implications for the control of human infection with T. gondii in this province.

Synthesis and biological activities of novel trifluoromethylpyridine amide derivatives containing sulfur moieties.

A series of trifluoromethylpyridine amide derivatives containing sulfur moieties (thioether, sulfone and sulfoxide) was designed and synthesized. Their antibacterial activities against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), Ralstonia solanacearum (R. solanacearum) and insecticidal activities against P. xylostella were evaluated. Notably, the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of sulfone-containing compound F10 is 83 mg L-1 against Xoo, which is better than that of commercial thiodiazole copper (97 mg L-1) and bismerthiazol (112 mg L-1). Thioether-containing compounds E1, E3, E5, E6, E10, E11 and E13 showed much higher activities against R. solanacearum with the EC50 value from 40 to 78 mg L-1, which are much lower than that of thiodiazole copper (87 mg L-1) and bismerthiazol (124 mg L-1). Generally, most of the sulfone-containing compounds and sulfoxide-containing compounds showed higher activities against Xoo than that of the corresponding thioether-containing compound, but most of the thioether-containing compounds contributed higher antibacterial activities against R. solanacearum. Furthermore, title compounds E3, E11, E24 and G2 showed good insecticidal activities of 75%, 70%, 70% and 75%, respectively.

[Long-term stability of periodontal root coverage procedures for gingival recession].

Gingival recession could result in root exposure, dental hypersensitivity and poor aesthetics. It has been demonstrated that varieties of root coverage procedures can significantly improve gingival recession in short-term (≤6 months), of which coronally advanced flap combined with connective tissue graft is the gold standard technique for treatment of gingival recession. It could obtain the optimally complete root coverage and maintain long-term stability (≥2 years). However, clinical knowledge about the long-term effectiveness of the other alternative graft materials remain very limited. Based on the existing clinical evidence, this article reviews coronally advanced flap, coronally advanced flap combined with connective tissue graft or alternative graft materials, with particular attention to the long-term stability of them, in order to provide reference for the design of further clinical trials and the plan of clinical treatments.

In vivo adhesive behavior of human facial skin by a modified indentation test.

A better understanding of the adhesive behavior of human facial skin is important for dermatological or cosmetic applications. For their in vivo experimental characterization and analysis, the indentation test is an effective and widely used method. In this study, our independently developed transparent indenter and curved surface optical imaging technique are improved, by which the contact area of facial skin can be in vivo and in situ obtained during an indentation test. Thanks to the modified indentation technique, the real contact radii of human facial skin under different conditions (normal, as-moistened, moistened after 30 min) are obtained, and their adhesive behavior is studied. Moreover, we modify the classical elastic adhesion theory (JKR theory) based on the Neo-hookean model considering the fact that the hyperelastic model is usually more appropriate for skin research. It is evidenced that the adhesion properties highly influence the contact area as well as the adhesive force/energy, and our modified hyperelastic adhesion theoretical model shows a better agreement with the experimental values of contact radius under each condition.

Improvement of Erection Related Incision Pain in Circumcision Patients using Interrupted Rapid Eye Movement Sleep: A Randomized Controlled Study.

INTRODUCTION: Postoperative pain from male circumcision (MC) is common especially in the sleep-related erection period. This study aims to explore the effect of interrupted rapid eye movement (IREM) sleep on relieving SRE-related incision pain and the improvement of other clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This simple randomized controlled study was conducted between May and November 2016. Approval was obtained from the local ethical committee on 5 May 2016. Ninety participants who underwent male circumcision were divided into the interrupted rapid eye movement sleep group and the control group. The times and the cumulative time of erection-related moderate and severe pain in minutes at night for 3 days after the operation were observed and compared. We also compared the condition of the incision swelling and healing.Sleep time at night was used to evaluate the safety of interrupted rapid eye movement sleep. RESULTS: For the first 3 days after the operation, the times of sleep-related erection pain were significantly decreased in the IREM sleep group (P = .010). Five patients reported that there was no pain during night. The cumulative time of erection-related moderate and severe pain was statistically decreased in the interrupted rapid eye movement sleep group (P = .034). After 3 days, there was no moderate and severe pain related to sleep-related erection in the 2 groups. There were no significant differences in incision swelling (P = .768), healing (P = .626), and sleep time (P = .231). CONCLUSION: Interrupted rapid eye movement sleep is an effective, simple, and free treatment to relieve incision pain of sleep-related erections.

Vertical fast electron bremsstrahlung diagnostic on J-TEXT tokamak.

Fast electron bremsstrahlung (FEB) emission during Ohmic discharge experiments on the Joint Texas Experimental Tokamak (J-TEXT) has been measured by a recently developed vertical multi-channel FEB diagnostic based on CdZnTe detectors. There are 5 sight lines to observe the vertical emission of fast electrons at the high-field side with a spatial resolution of 5 cm. The FEB emission in the energy range of 30-300 keV can be measured. The generation of fast electrons accelerated by loop voltage has been confirmed during the early phase of discharge by analyzing the signals of FEB emission. The runaway electron beam instabilities have been observed with the FEB diagnostic on J-TEXT.

Emergence of a novel highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China.

From 2014 to 2015, four novel highly pathogenic PRRS virus (HP-PRRSV) strains named 14LY01-FJ, 14LY02-FJ 15LY01-FJ, and 15LY02-FJ were isolated from high morbidity (100%) and mortality (40%-80%) in piglets and sows in Fujian Province. To further our knowledge about these novel virus strains, we characterized their complete genomes and determined their pathogenicity in piglets. Full-length genome sequencing analysis showed that these four isolates were closely related to type 2 (North American type, NA-type) isolates, with 88.1%-96.3% nucleotide similarity, but only 60.6%-60.8% homology to the Lelystad virus (LV) (European type, EU-type). The full length of the four isolates was determined to be 15017 or 15018 nucleotides (nt), excluding the poly(A) tail. Furthermore, the four isolates had three discontinuous deletions (aa 322-432, aa 483, and aa 504-522) within hypervariable region II (HV-II) of Nsp2, as compared to the reference strain VR-2332. This deletion pattern in the four isolates is consistent with strain MN184 and strain NADC30 isolated from America. Phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses indicated that these virulent strains originated from a natural recombination event between the JXA1-like HP-PRRSV (JXA-1 is one of the earliest Chinese HP-PRRSV strains; sublineage 8.7) and the NADC30-like (lineage 1) PRRSV. Animal experiments demonstrated that these four strains caused significant weight loss and severe histopathological lung lesions as compared to the negative control group. High mortality rate (40% or 80%) was found in piglets infected with any one of the four strains, similar to that found with other Chinese HP-PRRSV strains. This study showed that the novel variant PRRSV was HP-PRRSV, and it is therefore critical to monitor PRRSV evolution in China and develop a method for controlling PRRS.

Synthesis and insecticidal activity of diacylhydrazine derivatives containing a 3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole scaffold.

BACKGROUND: The diacylhydrazine derivatives have attracted considerable attention in recently years due to their simple structure, low toxicity, and high insecticidal selectivity. As well as 3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole is an important scaffold in many insecticidal molecules. In an effort to discover new molecules with good insecticidal activity, a series of diacylhydrazine derivatives containing a 3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole scaffold was synthesized and bio-assayed. RESULTS: Bioassays demonstrated that some of the title compounds exhibited favorable insecticidal activities against Helicoverpa armigera and Plutella xylostella. The insecticidal activity of compounds 10g, 10h, and 10w against H. armigera were 70.8, 87.5, and 79.2%, respectively. Compounds 10c, 10e, 10g, 10h, 10i, 10j and 10w showed good larvicidal activity against P. xylostella. In particular, the LC50 values of compounds 10g, 10h, and 10w were 27.49, 23.67, and 28.90 mg L-1, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A series of diacylhydrazine derivatives containing a 3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole scaffold was synthesized and bio-assayed. The results of insecticidal tests revealed that the synthesized diacylhydrazine derivatives possessed weak to good insecticidal activities against H. armigera and P. xylostella. Compounds 10g, 10h, and 10x showed much higher insecticidal activity than tebufenozide, and exhibited considerable prospects for further optimization. Primary structure-activity relationship revealed that phenyl, 4-fluoro phenyl and four fluorophenyl showed positive influence on their insecticidal activities, and introduction of a heterocyclic ring (pyridine and pyrazole) showed negative impacts on their insecticidal effects.

The problem with nose bleeds.

Epistaxis is common in the paediatric population and is usually minor and self limiting. This case illustrates an atypical presentation of epistaxis with hypovolaemic shock due to a dissecting false aneurysm of the internal carotid artery caused by an impalement injury to the oropharynx.