Standardised (plain) packaging: the time for implementation has come.

Although a growing number of countries have passed legislation to introduce standardised (or 'plain') packaging, New Zealand's legislation is currently stalled. The research evidence supporting standardised packaging is strong. Furthermore, evaluations from Australia, the first country to introduce this measure, show standardised packaging is reducing the appeal of smoking. Tobacco consumption in Australia has also fallen since the introduction of standardised packaging. The government should reassert its commitment to New Zealand's Smokefree 2025 goal by recognising the Australian evidence and passing and implementing standardised packaging as soon as possible.

Differential diagnosis and repair of femoral artery pseudoaneurysms: report of clinical experience using color Doppler imaging.

Sixty-two sonograms of the groin in 58 patients referred after cardiac catheterization (n = 45) or local surgical by-pass (n = 13) were reviewed retrospectively to determine the accuracy of color Doppler imaging in distinguishing femoral artery pseudoaneurysms from other causes of groin masses (e.g. hematomas) and to evaluate the therapeutical impact of US-guided compression. Thirty-seven cases of pseudoaneurysm, three arteriovenous fistulae (one isolated and two associated with a pseudoaneurysm), sixteen hematomas and eight other conditions were studied; US-guided compression repair was considered to treat thirteen pseudoaneurysms. The sensitivity and specificity of color Doppler imaging by comparison with angiography and/or surgery in the detection of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm was 100% and 94% respectively. US-guided compression repair was not attempted in 2/13 cases (one critical leg ischemia and one unsuitable anatomy) and successful in 7/11 cases. We conclude that color Doppler imaging is of great value in the differential diagnosis of groin masses, reducing the number of diagnostic and pretherapeutic angiographies. However, in our experience, US-guided compression repair is effective in the treatment of no more than 54% (7/13 cases) of nonselected femoral pseudoaneurysms.

Venous return by the paraumbilical and hepatic veins in case of superior vena cava obstruction.

Pseudolesion in segment IV of the liver is a well-known diagnostic pitfall during arterial portography or even spiral computed tomography (CT) of the liver. It has suggested that this pseudolesion is the result of an abnormality in subsegmental perfusion. We report a case of an early dense contrast enhancement of segment IV of the liver by epigastric and paraumbilical veins in a patient with a superior vena cava obstruction. A pseudolesion in segment IV was observed in this patient on a spiral CT of the liver obtained during the portal phase.