Evaluation of Mesiodistal Root Angulation of Permanent Incisors, Canines, and First Pre-Molars by Orthopantomogram Dental Imaging Findings in 296 Children Aged 6-14 Years.

BACKGROUND Early pre-eruptive inclination changes of the first premolar (FP) and its associative changes with canine (C) inclination are important to predict canine impaction. This study aimed to evaluate the mesiodistal root angulation of permanent lateral incisors (LI), canines, and first molars by orthopantomogram dental imaging in 296 children ages 6-14 years at a single center in India. MATERIAL AND METHODS The total number of participants was 296, with equal numbers of boys and girls divided into 4 age groups: 6-8 years, 8-10 years, 10-12 years, and 12-14 years. Angles between lateral incisor, erupting canine, and first pre-premolar with midline were measured on an orthopantomogram (dental imaging which includes all the teeth with TMJ). The angle between the erupting C with LI and erupting C with FP was measured. Pearson's correlation was also evaluated between the movement of the erupting canine with lateral incisor and erupting canine with erupting first premolar. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the angular values of different age groups (P≤0.05). The movements between LI, C, and FP were moderately correlated boys and girls aged 6-12 years. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study showed that in boys and girls aged 6-14 years, eruption of the upper canine tooth was synchronized with eruption of the LI and FP.

Morphometric Assessment of Third and Fourth Cervical Vertebra Based on Hassel and Farman Method: A Radiographic Study.

AIM: To assess third and fourth cervical vertebra morphologic dimensions as per the cervical vertebral maturation stage proposed by Hassel and Farman from 7 to 18 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional radiographic study was conducted on 264 participants within an age-group of 7-18 years who were further categorized into six subgroups having an interval of 1 year and 11 months chronologic age. The maturation stage and morphometric evaluation of the cervical vertebra were assessed for the same patient. The maturation stage was assessed as per the morphologic classification given by Hassel and Farman. The morphometric evaluation was assessed by measuring the anterior (AH3 and AH4), vertebral body (H3 and H4), posterior heights, and anteroposterior width (APW3 and APW4) of third and fourth cervical vertebra in millimeters which was carried out with the help of "IC measure software." One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's multiple comparison, and Spearman's correlation coefficient were utilized to determine the significance and correlation between the vertebral maturation and millimetric measurement between age-groups. The multiple comparison levels were set at 0.05 level of significance. RESULTS: A high significant correlation was observed between PH3 and APW3 (r, 0.737**). Moderate significant correlation was observed with H3 and PH3 (r, 0.605**, 0.640*), and APW3, APW4 (r, 0.534**, 0.614*) in the initiation stage in both the vertebrae; AH3, H3 (r, 0.498**) and H3, APW3 (r, 0.576**) in deceleration stage. A negative moderate significant correlation between AH4, PH4 (r, -0.691**) was observed in the deceleration stage. The transition, maturation, and completion stages did not reveal any significant correlation. CONCLUSION: Significant morphologic difference was observed among all the stages of vertebral maturation. Higher dimensions were observed among males. Anteroposterior width had the highest dimension. Significant morphometric changes were observed in stages of maturation and transition stages. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The dimensions of anterior, vertebral, and posterior height of the third and fourth cervical vertebra can supplement in identifying the precise morphologic classification whenever there is an overlap in the opinion of staging cervical vertebral maturation based on Hassel and Farman.

Correlation of Cervical Vertebral Bone Age and Demirjian's Stages of Dental Maturation for Lower Left Permanent Canine and Second Molar.

AIM: To evaluate and correlate cervical vertebral bone age(CVBA) and Demirjian's stages of dental maturation for lower left permanent canine(CMS) and second molar (MMS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional radiographic study was conducted on 264 participants with age group of 7-18 years who were further categorized into six subgroups having an interval of 2 years chronologic age. The CVBA, CMS, and MMS were assessed for the same patient. The assessment of CVBA of the participants involved in the study was derived from the equation given by Mito et al. The height and width of the 3rd and 4th cervical vertebra was measured with the help of IC measure software. The dental maturation was assessed as per the morphologic classification method given by Demirijian. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's multiple comparisons and Spearman's correlation coefficient was utilized to determine the significance and correlation between the age groups, CVBA, CMS, and MMS. The multiple comparison levels were set at 0.05 level of significance. RESULTS: Significantly different CVBA was observed among each individual stage of CMS and MMS. Significant changes in the dimensions of the cervical vertebra were observed when the dental maturation stage progressed from F to G and G to H stage. CONCLUSION: Chronologic age had a moderate correlation with CVBA. CVBA was significant for all the stages of maturation of CMS and MMS. Females revealed a higher level of maturation. A significant difference in the vertebral bone age was observed in the transition of stage F to G and G to H of dental maturation of canine and molar. Both CMS and MMS revealed a significant strong positive correlation with CVBA. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Cervical vertebral bone age can be utilized as an adjunct in identifying the stages of dental maturation of lower left permanent canine and second molar.

Normal pre-eruptive inclinations of maxillary canine, lateral incisor, and first premolar in children aged 6-14 years.

BACKGROUND: Maxillary canine is the second most common tooth that gets impacted after III molars. Early pre-eruptive inclination changes of first premolar and its associative changes with canine inclination are an important factor that predicts the fate of maxillary canines. Hence, a cross-sectional study was planned to evaluate the normal pre-eruptive mesiodistal inclinations of maxillary permanent canine, first premolar, and lateral incisor in children aged 6-14 years using orthopantomogram. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The total number of participants was 296. Each group of boys and girls consisted of 37 participants in each of the age groups 6-8 years, 8-10 years, 10-12 years, and 13-14 years, making up a total of 148 boys and 148 girls. Routine clinical examination was conducted, and orthopantomograph was taken for radiographic examination. Orthopantomographs of all these participants were collected. Inclination of lateral incisor, inclination of canine, and inclination of premolar with midline were measured on the orthopantomogram. Also, the angles between the canine with lateral incisor and canine with first premolar were measured. Pearson correlation was also evaluated between the movement of canine with lateral incisor and canine with first premolar. RESULTS: All the mean angles related to lateral incisor, canine, and first premolar with midline were recorded. Also, the angles between the canine with lateral incisor and the canine with first premolar were recorded. The movements between lateral incisor, canine, and first premolar were moderately correlated from 6 to 12 years of age. CONCLUSION: The eruption of canine from the floor of the nose till it erupts has its synchronized influence on the lateral incisor and the first premolar.

Prevalence, Severity and Associated Risk Indicators of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization amongst 8-13-year-old Children of Vadodara District Gujarat: A Cross-sectional Study.

Context: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is an emerging clinical problem as the affected tooth is prone to dental caries with the lapse of time. Aims: To assess the prevalence, severity, and associated risk indicators of MIH amongst 8-13 years of children of Vadodara District, Gujarat, India. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study with a sample size of 3,000 government schoolchildren. A total of 1,500 children each from urban and rural areas were randomly selected and examined. Only permanent incisors and first molars were examined. MIH was diagnosed clinically based on the diagnostic criteria established by the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD), 2003. To check the relation between the two variables-Pearson's chi-squared test was applied. Fisher's exact test was applied when less than five expected values were found. Results: A total of 286 children (9.6 %) had MIH, with 189 (rural) and 97 (urban) children. MIH was significantly higher in the rural population as compared to the urban. In the rural area, the cause was found to be a child suffering from an illness (>15 days) which was 35.98%, and in the urban area was due to prolonged use of antibiotics before 4 years of age, which was 28.87%. Conclusion: The overall prevalence rate of MIH among the screened children between the age-group 8 and 13 was found to be 9.6%. Males were more affected. The severity of MIH was more in molars compared to incisors and more in children of rural areas. Clinical significance: Protocol for early diagnosis and follow-up to access the squeal of breakdown should be undertaken along with parents and health workers. How to cite this article: Shah VU, Dave BH, Chari DN, et al. Prevalence, Severity and Associated Risk Indicators of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization amongst 8-13-year-old Children of Vadodara District Gujarat: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(2):280-286.

Comparative Assessment of Anxiety during Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block under Nitrous Oxide + Oxygen and Oxygen Inhalation Sedation in Children Aged 3-12 Years: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Aim: A comparative evaluation of children's anxiety with the use of nitrous oxide-oxygen (N2O-O2) inhalation sedation during the administration of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). Materials and methodology: A total of 60 children between 3 and 12 years of age, with Frankl's behavior rating of 2-3 requiring IANB for any dental procedure were enrolled in this randomized clinical study. Group I (n = 30) received N2O and oxygen inhalation sedation at a concentration in the range of 25-50%, whereas group II (n = 30) received 100% O2 as a placebo. The physiological parameters like pulse rate, respiration, blood pressure, and O2 saturation were measured at the baseline, intraoperatively [during and after administration of local anesthesia (LA)] and postoperatively after the termination of the gases in both groups. The sedation level was measured intraoperatively (before administration of LA) using the Ramsay Sedation Score (RSS). The discomfort and anxiety were measured at the baseline, intraoperatively, and postoperatively using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) behavior scale. The data were evaluated using the statistical software International Business Machines (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistics 20.0. Results: There was a significant difference in the FLACC scores between the two groups, intraoperatively (p-value-0.002), and postoperatively (p-value-0.049). The mean of the RSS for group I was 2.80 + 1.03, and for group II was 1.80 + 0.81. All the physiological parameters recorded were within the normal range. Conclusion: The use of N2O-O2 inhalation improved the anxiety levels in children while receiving the IANB and showed significant anxiolytic and sedative effects as compared to O2 inhalation. Clinical significance: Nitrous oxide-oxygen (N2O-O2) inhalation can be used as a nonpharmacological behavior management adjunct for invasive treatments for children with utmost comfort for the child. How to cite this article: Thomas PS, Dave BH, Shah DJ, et al. Comparative Assessment of Anxiety during Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block under Nitrous Oxide + Oxygen and Oxygen Inhalation Sedation in Children Aged 3-12 Years: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(1):30-36.

Effect of enamel surface coating on staining capability due to iron containing supplements on primary teeth: An in vitro study.

Background: Iron supplements prescribed to anemic children may results in teeth staining. Possible methods for preventing staining of primary teeth following exposure to iron supplements are need of an hour. Aim: This study was conducted with the aim to assess effect of enamel surface coating on staining capability of iron containing supplements in primary teeth. Settings and Design: This is an in vitro Experimental study. Methods: Hundred and forty-four primary incisors with intact crowns were sequentially numbered and randomly divided into four main groups of 36 samples receiving different enamel surface coating such as no surface coating, MI fluoride varnish™, GC G-coat Plus™ and GC-Equia®-forte-coat. Each group was subdivided into two groups, namely A (sound teeth) and B (artificially demineralized teeth). All the samples were immersed in 250 ml artificial saliva containing 10 ml of iron supplement to make the iron concentration 100 mg. The shade of the teeth was measured at baseline and at 90 days, using VITA Easy shade® V digital spectrophotometer. The data was statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses was made via SPSS 23. Results: Overall color change was found to be significantly less at the end of 90th day in sound samples when GC-Equia®-forte-coat was used as an enamel surface coating with pvalue of 0.017. In demineralized samples the overall color change was least at the end of 90th day when MI Varnish™ used as an enamel surface coating with P = 0.042. Conclusions: GC-Equia®-forte-coat, MI Varnish™ and GC-G-coat-plus™ can be used as a preventive or a precautionary measure to minimizes the staining of teeth. The amount of color change at the end of 90 days with GC-Equia®-forte-coat was least followed by MI varnish™, GC G coat Plus™ and control group.

Association of preterm low-birth-weight infants and maternal periodontitis during pregnancy: An interventional study.

CONTEXT: The impact of periodontal disease during pregnancy and its effect on adverse pregnancy outcomes is seen in the literature. When it comes to the link of disease related to periodontium to that of adverse pregnancy outcomes, a need can arise if a significant cause-effect relationship does exist or not between them. AIM: The study was aimed to determine the association of periodontal health status in pregnant women with the occurrence of preterm low birth weight (LBW) infants in Vadodara, Gujarat. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: An interventional study with 100 patients was conducted, of which 67 participants were included in the control group and 33 participants were included in the intervention group. A total of 12 participants dropped out from the study and 88 were analyzed for the outcome. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The Community periodontal Index of Treatment needs index was taken for all enrolled participants and then were divided into interventional group and control group. Participants in the interventional group underwent scaling and root planning. Data related to the time of delivery and weight of the baby was taken from the hospital records. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: A comparison of baseline characteristics was made using unpaired t-test. Chi-square test was used for the analysis of intergroup comparison. The odds ratio and the relative risk calculation were also done. P ≤ 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. RESULTS: The odds ratio for both preterm and LBW were 3.86 times and 2.96, respectively. The Chi-square statistical test analysis was statistically significant for both preterm and LBW infants on the intergroup comparison. CONCLUSION: Periodontal disease can be considered as one of the risk factors for preterm LBW babies as not only the presence of disease condition causes an increase in inflammatory mediator but also the elimination of the disease condition reduces the adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Comparative evaluation of effect of two relaxation breathing exercises on anxiety during buccal infiltration anesthesia in children aged 6-12 years: A randomized clinical study.

BACKGROUND: Dental procedures, especially local anesthetic administration, are a source of great anxiety to children. Diaphragmatic breathing is defined as an efficient integrative body-mind training for dealing with stress and psychosomatic conditions. Pinwheel exercise is also a highly effective technique of "play therapy." AIM: This study aimed to compare dental anxiety using pinwheel breathing exercise and diaphragmatic breathing exercise during buccal infiltration anesthesia. METHODOLOGY: Sixty children in the age group of 6-12 years with Frankel's behavior rating score of 3 who required buccal infiltration local anesthesia were selected. Subjects were divided randomly into two groups, i.e., Group A: children who performed pinwheel breathing exercise and Group B: children who performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise. The level of anxiety of the patients was recorded using an animated emoji scale. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20 software with paired t-test and Chi-square test. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in dental anxiety score from score 1 (before the anesthetic procedure) to score 2 (after the anesthetic procedure) in both the groups. On intergroup analysis, children who performed pinwheel breathing exercise (Group A) showed higher values than children who performed deep breathing exercise without pinwheel (Group B) with a t value of 1.42 but was not statistically significant with a P value of 0.161. CONCLUSION: Pinwheel breathing exercise as well as diaphragmatic breathing exercise proved to be significantly effective in reducing dental anxiety during local anesthesia.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding standardized treatment protocol for pulp therapy in deciduous dentition among general dental practitioners of Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

INTRODUCTION: Dental caries is the most prevailing disease not only affecting permanent dentition, but also involving deciduous dentition. Deciduous teeth are considered a best space maintainer and preserve arch integrity for eruption of succedaneous permanent teeth. General dental practitioners (GDPs) seem to be less interventionist in their investigation and treatment planning and many times, the treatment done remains incomplete either due to the lack of knowledge of the dentist or due to noncooperation of the child and/or parents. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice among GDPs of Vadodara city regarding standardized treatment protocol (STP) for pulp therapy in deciduous dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding standardized treatment options available for pulp therapy in deciduous dentition. The distribution of the self-made questionnaire pro forma was done in person to all the GDPs after obtaining their prior appointments. The GDPs were grouped on the basis of qualification and total clinical experience in years. The questionnaire consisted of 11 questions. The data were collected, and descriptive statistical analysis was performed. The Chi-square test was used to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice among different groups of GDPs. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was observed in knowledge regarding STP for pulp therapy in deciduous dentition among both the groups, which is based on the qualification and on the year of clinical experience. CONCLUSION: Qualification and years of clinical practice among GDPs affect the knowledge and treatment regarding pulp therapy in deciduous dentition. Most of the GDPs lack knowledge about the STP for pulp therapy in deciduous dentition.

Evaluation of knowledge regarding emergency management of avulsed traumatic dental injuries in children among general dental practitioners in India.

CONTEXT: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) leading to dental avulsion occur very frequently in society. Management of avulsion is critical for the dentist, as it requires appropriate knowledge. AIM: The study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge of the general dental practitioners (GDPs) regarding the emergency management of TDI leading to avulsion in children. SETTING AND DESIGN: Questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey design was utilized to assess the knowledge. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Data for this cross-sectional survey were collected through questionnaires from July to September 2014. A total of 278 GDP were contacted and requested to fill a pretested questionnaire to assess the knowledge regarding tooth avulsion. The GDPs were grouped on the basis of their educational qualification and years of clinical experience. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Chi-square test was used for intra- and inter-group comparison. RESULTS: A total of 224 (80.57%) GDPs consented to participate in the survey. Markedly low knowledge levels were noted in the sample irrespective of educational qualification and years of experience with respect to replantation of the avulsed primary tooth, holding the root instead of the crown, choice of appropriate storage medium for transportation of avulsed teeth, use of medications, and splinting type and time. Clinical experience and higher educational qualification of GDPs revealed statistical significant difference in the methods of management for TDI leading to avulsion. CONCLUSION: Higher professional education and added clinical experience were associated with better knowledge in the management of TDI leading to avulsion. The finding warrants the need for informative educational programs to update and boost the knowledge of practicing dentists regarding emergency management of avulsed teeth.

Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of (between) 0.2% Chlorhexidine and Herbal Mouthwash on Salivary Streptococcus mutans: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: The chemomechanical plaque control measures are helpful in controlling dental plaque and thus caries, especially in pediatric age group. AIM: This study aims to compare effectiveness of herbal mouthrinse containing Terminalia chebula to that of 0.2% chlorhexidine against children's salivary mutans streptococci levels. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A double-blind, randomized, controlled study design will be framed for conducting this study. METHODS: A total of 45 participants were randomly categorized in Group 1, Group 2, or Group 3 (control group, experimental group, or negative control). Baseline unstimulated saliva was collected. All the participants were instructed regarding the use of mouthrinse for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, again unstimulated saliva was collected. After collection, saliva samples were sent for microbiological analysis. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The mean colony-forming units (CFU/ml) were determined. Paired t-test, ANOVA test, and post hoc test were applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Statistically significant difference in CFU count has been observed in 0.2% chlorhexidine and Oratreat groups at 15 days as compared to baseline (P < 0.001). At 15 days, reduction in CFU count has seen more in Oratreat group as compared to 0.2% chlorhexidine group, and the difference is statistically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: 0.2% chlorhexidine and Oratreat mouthwash reduce the salivary Streptococcus mutans count. Oratreat herbal mouthwash has proved to be better as compared to 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash.

Evaluation and Comparison of the Antibacterial Activity against Streptococcus mutans of Grape Seed Extract at Different Concentrations with Chlorhexidine Gluconate: An in vitro Study.

INTRODUCTION: Streptococcus mutans has been implicated as primary microorganisms which cause dental caries in humans. There has been an increased interest in the therapeutic properties of some medicinal plants and natural compounds which have demonstrated antibacterial activities. Grape is one of the plants of this group which contains tannin and polyphenolic compound. AIM: To evaluate and compare antibacterial activity of grape seed extract at different concentrations with chlorhexidine gluconate against S. mutans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Grape seeds were extracted with ethanol/water ratio of 70:30 volume/volume. The extracts were filtered through Whatman No. 1 filter paper until it becomes colorless. Streptococcus mutans strains were taken. To check the antimicrobial properties of grape seed extract at different concentration and chlorhexidine gluconate, they were added to S. mutans strain and incubated for 48 hours than colony-forming units/mL were checked. RESULTS: Grape seed extract at higher concentration were found to be more potent against S. mutans. Chlorhexidine gluconate was found to have most potent antibacterial action compared to all different concentrations of grape seed extract. CONCLUSION: Grape seed extract as a natural antimicrobial compound has inhibitory effect against S. mutans. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Swadas M, Dave B, Vyas SM, Shah N. Evaluation and Comparison of the Antibacterial Activity against Streptococcus mutans of Grape Seed Extract at Different Concentrations with Chlorhexidine Gluconate: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(3):181-185.

Impact of perinatal oral health care education programme on the knowledge, attitude and practice behavior amongst gynaecologists of Vadodara City.

CONTEXT: Gynecologists the Primary Health Care providers, for pregnant mothers bear the unique responsibility to detect and diagnose oral health problems for timely and effective interventions. AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of Perinatal Oral Health Care (POHC) education program on the knowledge, attitude and practice behavior amongst Gynaecologists of Vadodara City. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: An analytical cross sectional study was conducted amongst Gynecologists practicing in Vadodara city, registered under Indian Medical Association (IMA), Baroda, Gujarat. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A validated questionnaire survey was conducted to establish a baseline level of knowledge, attitude and practice behavior of 46 Gynecologists. After that education and awareness regarding POHC to Gynecologists was provided with the help of flip charts and resource brochures. To determine the impact of recent provision of education and awareness a post-test was conducted. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data was analyzed by paired t-test using the SPSS Version 20. RESULTS: The results after evaluating the data from pretest and posttest showed a mean increase of correct answers in knowledge (from 7.304-9.891; P = 0.00), Attitude (from 3.978-4.108; P = 0.49) and practice behavior (from 4.130-5.521; P = 0.00) in POHC amongst Gynecologists following the education program. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that there is a need for provision of education and awareness to the primary health care providers which would help in improving pregnant women and infant's oral health status along with establishment of dental home.

Effect of Exposure to Positive Images of Dentistry on Dental Anxiety among 7 to 12 Years Old Children.

AIM: To evaluate the effect of exposure to positive images of dentistry on dental anxiety among 7 to 12 years old children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Controlled trial. Assessment of anxiety and analysis of data were conducted blind to experimental condition. Assessment of anxiety was carried out in the waiting room prior intervention, postintervention into the operatory during the treatment and again after the completion of treatment. Anticipatory anxiety was recorded by Venham's picture test (VPT). PARTICIPANTS: Sixty children of 7 to 12 years age group. INTERVENTION: PARTICIPANTS were randomly assigned to one of two conditions. In both conditions the participant was asked to look at photographs for 2 minutes in the waiting area prior to their appointment. The intervention consisted of viewing positive images of dentistry and dental treatment (study group), the (control group) consisted of neutral images. The assessment of anticipatory dental anxiety was made blind to experimental condition and statistical analysis was conducted blind to group membership. Anticipatory anxiety assessed by the VP T. RESULTS: A total of 60 subjects participated in the study and were equally and randomly allotted to study group (positive image) and control group (neutral image). The mean anxiety score found at waiting area before intervention, after intervention (OPD) and postoperative was statistically significant in study group. Post hoc comparison of anxiety score in study group showed high statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Positive dental images have an effect on reducing anxiety as compared to neutral images when measured by the VPT. How to cite this article: Gangwal RR, Badjatia SR, Dave BH. Effect of Exposure to Positive Images of Dentistry on Dental Anxiety among 7 to 12 Years Old Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2014;7(3):176 -179.

Multilobed mesiodens: a supernumerary tooth with unusual morphology.

An 8-year-old boy came with a chief complaint of an abnormally shaped tooth situated in upper front teeth region. On examination a supernumerary tooth with multiple lobes was present palatally to the maxillary right permanent central incisor. The morphology of the tooth crown was found to be unusual due to the presence of five lobes in the crown portion. Because of the supernumerary tooth, the permanent right central incisor was displaced labially. Radiographic examination showed a completely formed supernumerary tooth with dilacerated root. On the basis of clinical and radiographic examination, the supernumerary tooth was diagnosed as multilobed mesiodens. Since patient expressed dissatisfaction with the presence of supernumerary tooth, it was decided to extract this mesiodens followed by orthodontic treatment for alignment of labially placed maxillary right permanent central incisor.

Prevalence, severity and related factors of dental caries in school going children of vadodara city - an epidemiological study.

OBJECTIVE: Among dental diseases, dental caries is an important dental public health problem in India which is irreversible in nature, and is predominantly a disease of childhood. Till date no study has been carried out in Vadodara. As baseline data of caries is required to improve oral health of children, the present study was undertaken to determine the pattern of dental caries in school children of Vadodara city in the mixed dentition period considering age, sex and dietary patterns. METHODS: An epidemiological cross sectional descriptive study was carried out among 1600 school children aged 6-12 years in Vadodara city. A closed ended questionnaire according to World Health Organisation 1997 methodology was used to collect the data. The children were examined for the presence of dental caries using decayed missing filled teeth/decayed missing filled surfaces and Decayed Missing Filled Teeth/Decayed Missing Filled Surfaces index. Related factors which predispose caries such as age, sex and dietary patterns were recorded. RESULTS: The prevalence of dental caries was 69.12%. The mean dmft/dmfs and DMFT/DMFS were 3.00/4.79 and 0.45/0.56 respectively. The prevalence was higher in deciduous teeth than in permanent teeth. Positive association was found between dental caries and age, sex, frequency of sugar consumption in between meals. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that the prevalence and severity of dental caries in Vadodara city is high. So, in developing country like India, it is imperative to introduce primary prevention and increased restorative care for the purpose of both reducing the caries prevalence and maintaining those caries free children. How to cite this article: Joshi N, Sujan SG, Joshi K, Parekh H, Dave B. Prevalence, Severity and Related Factors of Dental Caries in School Going Children of Vadodara City - An Epidemiological Study. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(4):40-48.

Unilateral single-rooted primary mandibular first molar.

A 4-year-old boy reported food lodgement and pain in the lower left back tooth region. On examination, a deeply carious tooth with food lodgement was seen. On oral examination, numbers of teeth were found to be carious and required restorations and endodontic treatments according to radiographic evaluation. Radiograph of mandibular left first deciduous molar revealed an unusual morphology of root. It was single-rooted and presented with Vertucci's class I canal. The tooth was treated by pulpectomy followed by a stainless steel crown. All other carious teeth were treated as planned.

Comparative Evaluation of Two Different Pit & Fissure Sealants and a Restorative Material to check their Microleakage - An In Vitro Study.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare three different pit and fissure sealants with different composition to check their effectiveness for sealing ability and microleakage. MATERIALS & METHODS: Total 120 therapeutically extracted premolars devoid of any caries, anomalies or morphogenic diversity were collected and distributed equally in three groups (40 in each). Group - I: Composite based Pit and fissure sealant, Group -II: Compomer- restorative material and GROUP-III: Glass ionomer cement based pit and fissure sealant. Samples were cleaned with slurry of pumice and etched with phosphoric acid etchant. After thorough washing and drying, teeth were treated and cured with three sealants having different composition followed by thermocycling and immersion in methylene blue dye for 24 hours. Teeth were then observed and score was given for microleakage. The sections were photographed to show score of "0", "1", or "2" microleakage and the data was statistically analyzed with the non parametric test (Kruskal Walis test). RESULTS: Composite material was found better for sealant material as it was showing significantly least microleakage as compare to Glass Inomer Cement and promising result with compomer. CONCLUSION: Besides many inventions, researches and nano-technology implementation in dental materials, composite material is comparatively better than Glass Inomer Cement and compomer as sealant materials. How to cite this article: Joshi K, Dave B, Joshi N, Rajashekhara BS, Jobanputra LS, Yagnik K. Comparative Evaluation of Two Different Pit & Fissure Sealants and a Restorative Material to check their Microleakage - An In Vitro Study. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(4):35-39.