Revealing Color Forces with Transverse Polarized Electron Scattering.

The Spin Asymmetries of the Nucleon Experiment measured two double spin asymmetries using a polarized proton target and polarized electron beam at two beam energies, 4.7 and 5.9 GeV. A large-acceptance open-configuration detector package identified scattered electrons at 40° and covered a wide range in Bjorken x (0.3

"Necessity Is the Mother of Invention" or Inexpensive, Reliable, and Reproducible Protocol for Generating Organoids.

Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures that replicate some of the key features of morphology, spatial architecture, and functions of a particular organ. Organoids can be generated from both adult and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), and complex organoids can also be obtained by combining different types of cells, including differentiated cells. The ability of pluripotent cells to self-organize into organotypic structures containing several cell subtypes specific for a particular organ was used for creating organoids of the brain, eye, kidney, intestine, and other organs. Despite the advantages of using PSCs for obtaining organoids, an essential shortcoming that prevents their widespread use has been a low yield when they are obtained from a PSC monolayer culture and a large variation in size. This leads to great heterogeneity on further differentiation. In this article, we describe our own protocol for generating standardized organoids, with emphasis on a method for generating brain organoids, which allows scaling-up experiments and makes their cultivation less expensive and easier.

Polarization components in π0 photoproduction at photon energies up to 5.6 GeV.

We present new data for the polarization observables of the final state proton in the (1)H(γ,p)π(0) reaction. These data can be used to test predictions based on hadron helicity conservation and perturbative QCD. These data have both small statistical and systematic uncertainties and were obtained with beam energies between 1.8 and 5.6 GeV and for π(0) scattering angles larger than 75° in the center-of-mass frame. The data extend the polarization measurements database for neutral pion photoproduction up to E(γ)=5.6 GeV. The results show a nonzero induced polarization above the resonance region. The polarization transfer components vary rapidly with the photon energy and π(0) scattering angle in the center-of-mass frame. This indicates that hadron helicity conservation does not hold and that the perturbative QCD limit is still not reached in the energy regime of this experiment.

Search for effects beyond the born approximation in polarization transfer observables in e(over→)p elastic scattering.

Intensive theoretical and experimental efforts over the past decade have aimed at explaining the discrepancy between data for the proton electric to magnetic form factor ratio, G(E)/G(M), obtained separately from cross section and polarization transfer measurements. One possible explanation for this difference is a two-photon-exchange contribution. In an effort to search for effects beyond the one-photon-exchange or Born approximation, we report measurements of polarization transfer observables in the elastic H(e[over →],e(')p[over →]) reaction for three different beam energies at a Q(2)=2.5 GeV(2), spanning a wide range of the kinematic parameter ε. The ratio R, which equals µ(p)G(E)/G(M) in the Born approximation, is found to be independent of ε at the 1.5% level. The ε dependence of the longitudinal polarization transfer component P(ℓ) shows an enhancement of (2.3±0.6)% relative to the Born approximation at large ε.

Generation of induced pluripotent stem cell line RCPCMi008-A derived from patient with spinocerebellar ataxia 17.

IPSC line RCPCMi004-8 was generated from skin fibroblasts collected from a male patient with spinocerebellar ataxia 17. The patient has expanded trinucleotide CAG repeats in the TBP (TATA-binding protein) gene on chromosome 6q27. The reprogramming of fibroblasts was performed with Sendai viruses containing Oct-4, Sox-2, Klf-4, and c-Myc. Pluripotency was confirmed by immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, and the formation of embryoid bodies. The RCPCMi008-A cell line carries the same trinucleotide CAG repeats in the TBP gene. The RCPCMi008-A cell line can be used to model Spinocerebellar ataxia in vitro.

Recoil polarization measurements of the proton electromagnetic form factor ratio to Q2 = 8.5 GeV2.

Among the most fundamental observables of nucleon structure, electromagnetic form factors are a crucial benchmark for modern calculations describing the strong interaction dynamics of the nucleon's quark constituents; indeed, recent proton data have attracted intense theoretical interest. In this Letter, we report new measurements of the proton electromagnetic form factor ratio using the recoil polarization method, at momentum transfers Q2=5.2, 6.7, and 8.5 GeV2. By extending the range of Q2 for which G(E)(p) is accurately determined by more than 50%, these measurements will provide significant constraints on models of nucleon structure in the nonperturbative regime.

[Method of enhancing the diagnostic information value of the atrial vectorcardiogram]. / Sposob povysheniia diagnosticheskoi informativnosti predserdnoi vektorkardiogrammy.

An automated differentiation of the P loop from other VCG loops, its 20-fold magnification, visualization, and computation of its major spatial and projection parameters have been made possible, giving precise information on its configuration, duration, the direction of recording, as well as relative positions and directions of its instantaneous vectors. Digital computerization of the traces has produced different vector and scale characteristics of the spatial Pxyz loop.

[Inhibition of noradrenaline and choline active capture by rat brain synaptosomes in the presence of terephthalic acid and its dimethyl ester]. / Ugnetenie aktivnogo zakhvata noradrenalina i kholin sinaptosomami mozga krys pri vozdeistvii tereftalevoi kislotoi i ee dimetilovym efirom.

The system of [14C] noradrenaline and [3H] choline trapping by rat brain cortex synaptosomes was studied under the effect of terephthalic acid and its dimethyl ester. Active transport of the labeled substances by synaptosome is established to be considerably inhibited under conditions of the inhalation action of terephthalic acid and its dimethyl ester on rats. A possible influence of the mentioned chemical compounds on the mechanism of the reverse trapping of the mediators is under discussion.

[Functioning of the systems of neuromediator inactivation in the brain terminals of rats chronically exposed to terephthalic acid and its dimethyl ester]. / Funktsionirovanie sistem inaktivatsii neiromediatorov v terminaliakh golovnogo mozga krys pri khronicheskom vozdeistvii tereftalevoi kisloty i ee dimetilovogo éfira.

The chronic effect of terephthalic acid and its dimethyl ester on rats causes a significant decrease of uptake of norepinephrine by gray matter synaptosomes and activates the monoaminoxidase and catechol-O-methyltransferase in cerebral hemispheres.

[Indices of left ventricular hypertrophy based on data from the automatic mapping of 35 ECG leads]. / Pokazateli gipertrofii levogo zheludochka po dannym avtomaticheskogo kartirovaniia 35 otvedenii EKG.

The potential of the method of 35 ECG leads' automatic mapping in the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy was assessed for the first time. A number of mapping indices closely correlating with the myocardial mass and the thickness of the left ventricular wall were found while studying 35 ECG leads' maps followed by computer processing, in 28 hypertensive patients and 6 normal subjects the hypertrophy degree of the left ventricle being determined by echocardiography and X-rays. The index of the total maximum of the R-waves among 7 vertical columns (7.3 +/- 2.0 cm) proved to be simultaneously highly specific (88.9%), sensitive (84%) and accurate (85.3%) to diagnose even a moderate degree of left ventricular hypertrophy (with the left ventricular mass of 150-200 g as evaluated by echocardiography).

[Spatial characteristics of the P loop in normal subjects and in patients with an enlarged right atrium]. / Prostranstvennye kharakteristiki petli P v norme i pri uvelichenii pravogo predserdiia.

The studies performed have shown that: 1) using automatic reproduction of 10-20-fold magnified images of P-loop it is possible to learn its configuration, duration, recording direction, position and orientation of its moment vectors; 2) using digital computer list output of curves it is possible to determine numerical values of PXYZ-loop parameters and its vector and scalar characteristics; 3) for the diagnosis of right atrial dilatation (RAD) the assessment of vector values is more important than their orientation by azimuth and elevation angles; 4) the increase beyond normal (M + 2 sigma) of space vector values of PXYZ-loop - P0.25 greater than 0.16 mV, -Pmax greater than 0.22 mV and SP area greater than or equal to 0.03 mV.mV (3 mm2) reflects the initial stage of RAD; 5) changes of normal initial/final vector ratio (-P0,025 greater than or equal to -P0,075 - in normal subjects and P0,075 greater than or equal to P0,025 in patients with RAD) indicate the advanced stage of RAD.

[Method for the automated mapping of 35 ECG leads]. / Metodika avtomatizirovannogo kartirovaniia 35 otvedenii EKG.

The method of recording the ECGs, inputting them into a computer and automatic analysis of 35 ECG leads is described. The proposed method largely diminishes the time expenditure and difficulties in obtaining and analysing 35 ECG lead mapping grams, as the computer makes all measurements and calculations and produces a final document.

[Spatial parameters of the automatically reproduced QRS loop of the VCG in healthy subjects]. / Prostransrtvennye parametry avtomaticheski vosproizvedennoi petli QRS VKG u zdorovykh lits.

The findings of the VCG automatic construction in 55 healthy subjects with different axial and positional variants of ECG were analyzed . The applied method of the automatic corrected VCG construction has shown that QRS loop morphology coincides with the classical forms of VCG described before in healthy persons. The data of the automatic calculations of spatial characteristics demonstrated the orientation stability according to the angle--azimuth, max QRSxyz , S/2 QRSxyz and the integral vector-- AQRSxyz , i. e. independence of the azimuth value on the ECG axial and positional variants. The positional and rotational shifts regularly change the azimuth value in the spatial orientation of the initial (0.01"--0.02') and end (0.06") moment vector of depolarization, and the value of the angles of spatial vector elevation max QRSxyz , S/2 QRSxyz , AQRSxyz . In the normal intraventricular conduction, the orientations of max QRSxy , yz , xz are sufficiently informative in order to reveal the integral vector directions. The coincidence of S/2 QRSxy , yz , xz direction with that of AQRSxy , yz , xz in the two-polar loops indicates that S/2 QRSxy , yz , xz should be calculated to determine AQRSxy , yz , xz orientation. Indeed, in case of intraventricular conduction disorders, the AQRSxy , yz , xz calculation alone gives an idea of a resultant vector projection.