Brownian Motion and Thermophoresis Effects on MHD Three Dimensional Nanofluid Flow with Slip Conditions and Joule Dissipation Due to Porous Rotating Disk.

This paper examines the time independent and incompressible flow of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid through a porous rotating disc with velocity slip conditions. The mass and heat transmission with viscous dissipation is scrutinized. The proposed partial differential equations (PDEs) are converted to ordinary differential equation (ODEs) by mean of similarity variables. Analytical and numerical approaches are applied to examine the modeled problem and compared each other, which verify the validation of both approaches. The variation in the nanofluid flow due to physical parameters is revealed through graphs. It is witnessed that the fluid velocities decrease with the escalation in magnetic, velocity slip, and porosity parameters. The fluid temperature escalates with heightening in the Prandtl number, while other parameters have opposite impacts. The fluid concentration augments with the intensification in the thermophoresis parameter. The validity of the proposed model is presented through Tables.

Hall Effect on Radiative Casson Fluid Flow with Chemical Reaction on a Rotating Cone through Entropy Optimization.

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow with Hall current has numerous applications in industrial areas such as Hall current accelerators, MHD power generators, planetary dynamics, Hall current sensors, etc. In this paper, the analysis of an unsteady MHD Casson fluid with chemical reaction over a rotating cone is presented. The impacts of Hall current, joule heating, thermal radiation, and viscous dissipation are analyzed. Entropy optimization is also considered in the present analysis. The system of coupled equations is tackled with homotopy analysis method (HAM). The convergence of HAM is also shown through figures. Deviations in the flow due to dimensionless parameters are shown graphically. Similarly, the variation in skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are deliberated through Tables. A justification of the current consequences is presented.

Entropy Generation Optimization in Squeezing Magnetohydrodynamics Flow of Casson Nanofluid with Viscous Dissipation and Joule Heating Effect.

In this research article, the investigation of the three-dimensional Casson nanofluid flow in two rotating parallel plates has been presented. The nanofluid has been considered in steady state. The rotating plates have been considered porous. The heat equation is considered to study the magnetic field, joule heating, and viscous dissipation impacts. The nonlinear ordinary system of equations has been solved analytically and numerically. For skin friction and Nusslt number, numerical results are tabulated. It is found that velocity declines for higher values of magnetic and porosity parameter while it is heightened through squeezing parameter. Temperature is an enhancing function for Eckert number and nanoparticles volume fraction. Entropy generation is augmented with radiation parameter, Prandtl, and Eckert numbers. The Casson, porosity, magnetic field, and rotation parameters were reduced while the squeezing and suction parameters increased the velocity profile along x-direction. The porosity parameter increased the Bejan number while the Eckert and Prandtl numbers decreased the Bejan number. Skin friction was enhanced with increasing the Casson, porosity, and magnetic parameters while it decreased with enhancing rotation and squeezing parameters. All these impacts have been shown via graphs. The influences by fluid flow parameters over skin friction and Nusselt number are accessible through tables.

Mixed convective flow of a magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid through a permeable stretching sheet with first-order chemical reaction.

This research article presents the magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid flow through an extending surface embedded in a porous medium. Furthermore, the Casson fluid flow is investigated under the effects of thermal radiation, Joule heating, viscous dissipation, and chemical reaction. The analytical solution of the modeled problem is utilized with the help of homotopy analysis method (HAM). The convergence region of the applied technique is portrayed graphically. The impacts of the embedded factors on the flow profiles are exhibited with the help of figures. Furthermore, numerical values of the surface drag force, heat, and mass transfer rates are highlighted via table. The results show that the augmented Darcy number, Casson and magnetic parameters have declined the velocity profile of the Casson fluid flow. Growth in Brownian motion augments the chaotic motion amongst the particles due to which the kinetic energy of the particles transforms to heat energy which consequently augmented the thermal profile, while reduced the concentration profile. The mass and energy profiles are positively effects with the increment of thermophoresis term. And the growing values of chemical reaction and Lewis number cause a reduction in the diffusivity of mass of fluid due to which less transfer of mass takes place that weakens the concentration layer thickness and declines the concentration profiles.

MHD micropolar hybrid nanofluid flow over a flat surface subject to mixed convection and thermal radiation.

Hybrid nanofluids play a significant role in the advancement of thermal characteristics of pure fluids both at experimental and industrial levels. This work explores the mixed convective MHD micropolar hybrid nanofluid flow past a flat surface. The hybrid nanofluid flow is composed of alumina and silver nanoparticles whereas water is used as a base fluid. The plate has placed vertical in a permeable medium with suction and injection effects. Furthermore, viscous dissipation, thermal radiation and Joule heating effects are taken into consideration. Specific similarity variables have been used to convert the set of modeled equations to dimension-free form and then has solved by homotopy analysis method (HAM). It has revealed in this investigation that, fluid motion upsurge with growth in magnetic field effects and mixed convection parameter and decline with higher values of micropolar factor. Micro-rotational velocity of fluid is upsurge with higher values of micropolar factor. Thermal flow behavior is augmenting for expended values of magnetic effects, radiation factor, Eckert number and strength of heat source. The intensification in magnetic strength and mixed convection factors has declined the skin friction and has upsurge with higher values of micropolar parameter. The Nusselt number has increased with the intensification in magnetic effects, radiation factor and Eckert number.

Numerical analysis of the chemically reactive EMHD flow of a nanofluid past a bi-directional Riga plate influenced by velocity slips and convective boundary conditions.

This report presents the three-dimensional electromagnetohydrodynamic flow of a zinc-oxide-water nanofluid past a bidirectional Riga plate with velocity slips and thermal and mass convection conditions. The Cattaneo-Christov heat and mas flux model, thermal radiation, chemical reaction and activation energy are considered to analyze the flow problem. The volume fraction of the ZnO nanoparticles is taken 6% in this analysis. An appropriate set of similarity variables is used to transform the partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. During this process, some parameters are found and influences of these factors on the flow profiles are shown and discussed in detail. A numerical technique called NDSolve is considered for the solution of the nanofluid flow problem. The results showed that higher solid volume fraction and slip parameter have reduced velocities profiles and the increasing solid volume fraction and thermal Biot number have increased the temperature profile. Additionally, the concentration Biot number has increased the concentration profile. The modified Hartmann number has significantly increased the velocity profile. Dual impacts in velocity profiles along primary and secondary direction has been observed due to stretching ratio parameter. A comparison of current results has been carried with a fine agreement amongst current and established results.

A semi-analytical passive strategy to examine the water-ethylene glycol (50:50)-based hybrid nanofluid flow over a spinning disk with homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions.

Scientists and researchers are much interested in studying graphene and silver nanoparticles for the enhancement of heat transport due to their extensive variety of applications in different areas of industrial and engineering such as drug delivery, medical devices, ultra-light, excellent electrical conductivity, strong medical strength, health care, consumer, food, etc. Therefore, in the existing investigation, the MHD flow of a mixed convective hybrid nanoliquid with graphene and silver nanoparticles past a rotating disk is considered. Water and ethylene glycol (50:50) is used as a base liquid in the existing model. The mechanism for heat transport is computed with the existence of thermal radiation and thermal convective condition. Homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions are assumed in the flow behavior. The mathematical formulation of the proposed problem is based on the nonlinear PDEs which are then transformed to nonlinear ODEs by manipulating the appropriate similarity transformation. The simulation of the existing problem has been performed with the help of the homotopy analysis technique. The outcomes of the different flow parameters on the velocities, temperature, concentration, skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt number of the hybrid nanofluid are attained via graphs and tables. Some significant results from the existing problem demonstrate that the rate of heat transport is greater for the thermal Biot number and nanoparticles volume fraction. Further, it is noticed that the velocity of the liquid particles becomes lower for a higher magnetic field parameter.

Magnetized and non-magnetized Casson fluid flow with gyrotactic microorganisms over a stratified stretching cylinder.

This study presents the magnetized and non-magnetized Casson fluid flow with gyrotactic microorganisms over a stratified stretching cylinder. The mathematical modeling is presented in the form of partial differential equations and then transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) utilizing suitable similarity transformations. The analytical solution of the transformed ODEs is presented with the help of homotopy analysis method (HAM). The convergence analysis of HAM is also presented by mean of figure. The present analysis consists of five phases. In the first four phases, we have compared our work with previously published investigations while phase five is consists of our new results. The influences of dimensionless factors like a magnetic parameter, thermal radiation, curvature parameter, Prandtl number, Brownian motion parameter, Schmidt number, heat generation, chemical reaction parameter, thermophoresis parameter, Eckert number, and concentration difference parameter on physical quantities of interests and flow profiles are shown through tables and figures. It has been established that with the increasing Casson parameter (i.e. [Formula: see text]), the streamlines become denser which results the increasing behavior in the fluid velocity while on the other hand, the fluid velocity reduces for the existence of Casson parameter (i.e. [Formula: see text]). Also, the streamlines of stagnation point Casson fluid flow are highly wider for the case of magnetized fluid as equated to non-magnetized fluid. The higher values of bioconvection Lewis number, Peclet number, and microorganisms' concentration difference parameter reduces the motile density function of microorganisms while an opposite behavior is depicted against density number.

Electromagnetohydrodynamic bioconvective flow of binary fluid containing nanoparticles and gyrotactic microorganisms through a stratified stretching sheet.

Bioconvection has recently been the subject of dispute in a number of biotechnological fields that depend on fluids and their physical properties. When mixed nanofluids are subjected to heat and mass transmission, the process of bioconvection occurs. This attempt conveys the theoretical analysis of two-dimensional electrically conducting and magnetically susceptible binary fluid containing nanoparticles and gyrotactic microorganisms past a stratified stretching surface. Furthermore binary chemical reaction, thermal radiation, and activation energy are taken into assumptions. The analytical solution based on HAM has been performed. The convergence of HAM is presented with the help of figures. The present study is compared with previously published results and has established an excessive agreement which validate the present study. It is perceived that the presence and absence of an electric field influences the variations in fluid velocities due to presence of magnetic field. The micropolar constant heightens the velocity and microrotation of the fluid flow. The buoyancy parameter and bioconvection Rayleigh number diminish the velocity function while these parameters show dual impact on microrotation function. The skin friction and couple stress escalates with the increasing buoyancy ratio parameter and bioconvection Rayleigh number.

Heat transfer analysis of the mixed convective flow of magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid past a stretching sheet with velocity and thermal slip conditions.

The present study is related to the analytical investigation of the magnetohydrodynamic flow of Ag - MgO/ water hybrid nanoliquid with slip conditions via an extending surface. The thermal radiation and Joule heating effects are incorporated within the existing hybrid nanofluid model. The system of higher-order partial differential equations is converted to the nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations by interpreting the similarity transformations. With the implementation of a strong analytical method called HAM, the solution of resulting higher-order ordinary differential equations is obtained. The results of the skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, velocity profile, and temperature profile of the hybrid nanofluid for varying different flow parameters are attained in the form of graphs and tables. Some important outcomes showed that the Nusselt number and skin friction are increased with the enhancement in Eckert number, stretching parameter, heat generation parameter and radiation parameter for both slip and no-slip conditions. The thermal profile of the hybrid nanofluid is higher for suction effect but lower for Eckert number, stretching parameter, magnetic field, heat generation and radiation parameter. For both slip and no-slip conditions, the hybrid nanofluid velocity shows an upward trend for both the stretching and mixed convection parameters.

Chemically reactive MHD micropolar nanofluid flow with velocity slips and variable heat source/sink.

The two-dimensional electrically conducting magnetohydrodynamic flow of micropolar nanofluid over an extending surface with chemical reaction and secondary slips conditions is deliberated in this article. The flow of nanofluid is treated with heat source/sink and nonlinear thermal radiation impacts. The system of equations is solved analytically and numerically. Both analytical and numerical approaches are compared with the help of figures and tables. In order to improve the validity of the solutions and the method convergence, a descriptive demonstration of residual errors for various factors is presented. Also the convergence of an analytical approach is shown. The impacts of relevance parameters on velocity, micro-rotation, thermal, and concentration fields for first- and second-order velocity slips are accessible through figures. The velocity field heightens with the rise in micropolar, micro-rotation, and primary order velocity parameters, while other parameters have reducing impact on the velocity field. The micro-rotation field reduces with micro-rotation, secondary order velocity slip, and micropolar parameters but escalates with the primary order velocity slip parameter. The thermal field heightens with escalating non-uniform heat sink/source, Biot number, temperature ratio factor, and thermal radiation factor. The concentration field escalates with the increasing Biot number, while reduces with heightening chemical reaction and Schmidt number. The assessment of skin factor, thermal transfer, and mass transfer are calculated through tables.